1
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Walker SE, Kyratzis N, Sawant DU, McKay AI, Tuck KL, Turner DR. A Reduced-Symmetry Pd 2L 4 Cage from a Heterotopic Dipyridyl Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15659-15666. [PMID: 39110774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Two dipyridyl ligands, L3,3 and L3,4, have been used in combination with palladium(II) in the construction of metallosupramolecular species that show anion-dependent behavior in solution. A rare example of a low-symmetry (C2h) lantern-type cage is formed in one instance, [Pd2(L3,3)4]4+, while the isomeric ligand yields a larger double-walled square complex, [Pd4(L3,4)8]8+. [Pd2(L3,3)4](NO3)4 was isolated in crystalline form revealing two anions within the interior of the C2h-symmetry cage. The cage itself is held together by hydrogen bonding between "head-to-tail" pairs of ligands that reinforces the symmetry generated by the ditopic ligands. In solution, the cage with NO3- has sharp 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals at room temperature, while the BF4- analogue has broad signals that sharpen at higher temperatures or upon addition of (Bu4N)(NO3), highlighting the importance of the anion in templating or otherwise influencing self-assembly in solution. Altering the substitution position of one of the pyridyl rings yields a more "open" complex, with [Pd4(L3,4)8](NO3)8 being isolated as a crystalline solid. The double-walled square complex has a greater Pd···Pd separation due to the increased angle that the pyridyl groups subtend at the core of the ligand. NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry studies suggest a single species in the presence of nitrate but multiple species with tetrafluoroborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Walker
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kyratzis
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Diksha U Sawant
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Alasdair I McKay
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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2
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Li Q, Chen S, Wang X, Cai J, Huang H, Tang S, He D. Cisplatin-Based Combination Therapy for Enhanced Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:473-491. [PMID: 38591210 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501294182240401060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin, a primary chemotherapeutic drug, is of great value in the realm of tumor treatment. However, its clinical efficacy is strictly hindered by issues, such as drug resistance, relapse, poor prognosis, and toxicity to normal tissue. Cisplatin-based combination therapy has garnered increasing attention in both preclinical and clinical cancer research for its ability to overcome resistance, reduce toxicity, and enhance anticancer effects. This review examines three primary co-administration strategies of cisplatin-based drug combinations and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, seven types of combination therapies involving cisplatin are discussed, focusing on their main therapeutic effects, mechanisms in preclinical research, and clinical applications. This review also discusses future prospects and challenges, aiming to offer guidance for the development of optimal cisplatin-based combination therapy regimens for improved cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hongwu Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Dongxiu He
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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3
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Deiser S, Drexler M, Moreno-Alcántar G, Irl M, Schmidt C, Günther T, Casini A. Synthesis of 177Lu-Labeled, Somatostatin-2 Receptor-Targeted Metalla-Assemblies: Challenges in the Design of Supramolecular Radiotherapeutics. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20710-20720. [PMID: 37556427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) hold promise for biomedical applications in cancer therapy, although their potential in the field of nuclear medicine is still substantially unexplored. Therefore, in this study an exo-functionalized cationic [Pd2L2]4+ metallacycle (L = 3,5-bis(3-ethynylpyridine)phenyl), targeted to the somatostatin-2 receptor (sst2R) and featuring the DOTA chelator (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) in order to bind the β-- and γ-emitter lutetium-177, was synthesized by self-assembly following ligand synthesis via standard solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). This metallacycle was then characterized by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 1H and 1H-DOSY NMR (DOSY = diffusion-ordered spectroscopy). A procedure for the radiolabeling of the metallacycle with 177Lu was also optimized. The resulting [nat/177Lu]Lu-DOTA-metallacycle, termed [nat/177Lu]Lu-Cy, was evaluated concerning its stability and in vitro properties. The compound was more lipophilic compared to the reference [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE (logPOct/H2O = -0.85 ± 0.10 versus -3.67 ± 0.04, respectively). While [natLu]Lu-Cy revealed low stability in a DMEM/F12 GlutaMax medium, it demonstrated good stability in other aqueous media as well as in DMSO. A high sst2R binding affinity (expressed as IC50) was determined in CHOsst2 cells (Chinese hamster ovary cells that were stably transfected with human sst2R). Moreover, the metallacycle exhibited high human serum albumin binding, as assessed by high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC), and moderate stability in human serum compared to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE (TATE = (Tyr3)-octreotate). In order to improve stability, a heteroleptic approach was used to develop a less sterically hindered cage-like SCC that is potentially endowed with host-guest chemistry capability, which has been preliminarily characterized by RP-HPLC and ESI-MS. Overall, our initial results encourage future studies on sst2R-directed SCCs and have led to new insights into the chemistry of ss2R-directed SCCs for radiopharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Deiser
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Marike Drexler
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Guillermo Moreno-Alcántar
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Maximilian Irl
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
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4
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Bobylev EO, Knol RA, Mathew S, Poole DA, Kotsogianni I, Martin NI, de Bruin B, Kros A, Reek JNH. In vivo biodistribution of kinetically stable Pt 2L 4 nanospheres that show anti-cancer activity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6943-6952. [PMID: 37389250 PMCID: PMC10306072 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the application of metal-organic cages (MOCs) in a biomedicinal context, as they can offer non-classical distribution in organisms compared to molecular substrates, while revealing novel cytotoxicity mechanisms. Unfortunately, many MOCs are not sufficiently stable under in vivo conditions, making it difficult to study their structure-activity relationships in living cells. As such, it is currently unclear whether MOC cytotoxicity stems from supramolecular features or their decomposition products. Herein, we describe the toxicity and photophysical properties of highly-stable rhodamine functionalized platinum-based Pt2L4 nanospheres as well as their building blocks under in vitro and in vivo conditions. We show that in both zebrafish and human cancer cell lines, the Pt2L4 nanospheres demonstrate reduced cytotoxicity and altered biodistribution within the body of zebrafish embryos compared to the building blocks. We anticipate that the composition-dependent biodistribution of Pt2L4 spheres together with their cytotoxic and photophysical properties provides the fundament for MOC application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard O Bobylev
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Renzo A Knol
- Dept. of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - David A Poole
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ioli Kotsogianni
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Dept. of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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5
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Cosialls R, Simó C, Borrós S, Gómez-Vallejo V, Schmidt C, Llop J, Cuenca AB, Casini A. PET Imaging of Self-Assembled 18 F-Labelled Pd 2 L 4 Metallacages for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202604. [PMID: 36239701 PMCID: PMC10168593 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To advance the design of self-assembled metallosupramolecular architectures as new generation theranostic agents, the synthesis of 18 F-labelled [Pd2 L4 ]4+ metallacages is reported. Different spectroscopic and bio-analytical methods support the formation of the host-guest cage-cisplatin complex. The biodistribution profiles of one of the cages, alone or encapsulating cisplatin have been studied by PET/CT imaging in healthy mice in vivo, in combination to ICP-MS ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cosialls
- BISi-Bonds group, Dept. of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL, Vía Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Simó
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià,URL, Vía Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Ana B Cuenca
- BISi-Bonds group, Dept. of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL, Vía Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany.,Munich Data Science Institute, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
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6
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Lisboa LS, Riisom M, Dunne HJ, Preston D, Jamieson SMF, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. Hydrazone- and imine-containing [PdPtL 4] 4+ cages: a comparative study of the stability and host-guest chemistry. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18438-18445. [PMID: 36416449 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new [PdPtL4]4+ heterobimetallic cage containing hydrazone linkages has been synthesised using the sub-component self-assembly approach. 1H and DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data were consistent with the formation of the [PdPtL4]4+ architecture. The cage was stimulus-responsive and could be partially disassembled and reassembled by the addition of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and p-tolenesulfonic acid (TsOH), respectively. Additionally, the stability of the hydrazone cage against hydrolysis in the presence of water and nucleophilic decomposition in the presence of guest molecules was compared to a previously synthesised imine-containing [PdPtL4]4+ cage. It was established that the hydrazone linkage was more resistant to hydrolysis. Furthermore, the host-guest (HG) chemistry with a series of drug and drug-like molecules was examined. The hydrazone cage was shown to interact with cisplatin while the smaller imine cage was shown to interact with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in CD3CN. No HG interactions were observed in the more polar d6-DMSO. In vitro antiproliferative activity studies demonstrated both cages were active against the cancer cell lines tested and displayed half-maximal inhibitory (IC50) values in the range of 25-35 μM. Most [PdPtL4]4+-drug mixtures tested had higher IC50 values than the hosts. However, the [PdPtL4]4+ cages, and [PdPtL4]4+:drug mixtures were less cytotoxic than the well established anticancer drugs cisplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Lisboa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Mie Riisom
- School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Dunne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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7
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Aikman B, Bonsignore R, Woods B, Doellerer D, Scotti R, Schmidt C, Heidecker AA, Pöthig A, Sayers EJ, Jones AT, Casini A. Highly-fluorescent BODIPY-functionalised metallacages as drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterisation and cellular accumulation studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7476-7490. [PMID: 35470841 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00337f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of designing new metallosupramolecular architectures for drug delivery, research has focused on porous 3-dimensional (3D)-metallacages able to encapsulate cytotoxic agents protecting them from metabolism while targeting them to cancer sites. Here, two self-assembled [Pd2L4]4+ cages (CG1 and CG2) featuring 3,5-bis(3-ethynylpyridine)phenyl ligands (L) exo-functionalised with dipyrromethene (BODIPY) groups have been synthesised and characterised by different methods, including NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. 1H NMR spectroscopy studies shows that the cages are able to encapsulate the anticancer drug cisplatin in their hydrophobic cavity, as evidenced by electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis based on XRD studies. The stability of the cages in an aqueous environment, and in the presence of the intracellular reducing agent glutathione, has been confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The luminescence properties of the cages enabled the investigation of their cellular uptake and intracellular localisation in human cancer cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In melanoma A375 cells, cage CG1 is taken up via active transport and endocytic trafficking studies show little evidence of transport through the early endosome while the cages accumulated in melanosomes rather than lysosomes. The antiproliferative activity of the lead cage was investigated in A375 together with two breast cancer cell lines, SK-BR-3 and MCF7. While the cage per se is non-cytotoxic, very different antiproliferative effects with respect to free cisplatin were evidenced for the [(cisplatin)2⊂CG1·BF4] complex in the various cell lines, which correlate with its different intracellular localisation profiles. The obtained preliminary results provide a new hypothesis on how the subcellular localisation of the cage affects the cisplatin intracellular release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brech Aikman
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany. .,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ben Woods
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Daniel Doellerer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Scotti
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Alexandra A Heidecker
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Edward J Sayers
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany. .,Munich Data Science Institute, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
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8
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Farinha P, Pinho JO, Matias M, Gaspar MM. Nanomedicines in the treatment of colon cancer: a focus on metallodrugs. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:49-66. [PMID: 33616870 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, colon cancer (CC) represents the fourth most common type of cancer and the fifth major cause of cancer-associated deaths. Surgical resection is considered the standard therapeutic choice for CC in early stages. However, in latter stages of the disease, adjuvant chemotherapy is essential for an appropriate management of this pathology. Metal-based complexes displaying cytotoxic properties towards tumor cells emerge as potential chemotherapeutic options. One metallodrug, oxaliplatin, was already approved for clinical use, playing an important role in the treatment of CC patients. Unfortunately, most of the newly designed metal-based complexes exhibit lack of selectivity against cancer cells, low solubility and permeability, high dose-limiting toxicity, and emergence of resistances. Nanodelivery systems enable the incorporation of metallodrugs at adequate payloads, solving the above-referred drawbacks. Moreover, drug delivery systems, depending on their physicochemical properties, are able to release the incorporated material preferentially at affected tissues/organs, enhancing the therapeutic activity in vivo, with concomitant fewer side effects. In this review, the general features and therapeutic management of CC will be addressed, with a special focus on preclinical or clinical studies using metal-based compounds. Furthermore, the use of different nanodelivery systems will also be described as tools to potentiate the therapeutic index of metallodrugs for the management of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Farinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta O Pinho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Matias
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Manuela Gaspar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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9
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Dey N, Haynes CJE. Supramolecular Coordination Complexes as Optical Biosensors. Chempluschem 2021; 86:418-433. [PMID: 33665986 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, luminescent supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), including 2D-metallacycles and 3D-metallacages have been utilised for biomolecular analysis. Unlike small-molecular probes, the dimensions, size, shape, and flexibility of these complexes can easily be tuned by combining ligands designed with particular geometries, symmetries and denticity with metal ions with strong geometrical binding preferences. The well-defined cavities that result, in combination with the other non-covalent interactions that can be programmed into the ligand design, facilitate great selectivity towards guest binding. In this Review we will discuss the application of luminescent metallacycles and cages in the binding and detection of a wide range of biomolecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and biogenic amines. We aim to explore the effect of the structural diversity of SCCs on the extent of biomolecular sensing, expressed in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and detection range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Dey
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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10
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Woods B, Silva RDM, Schmidt C, Wragg D, Cavaco M, Neves V, Ferreira VFC, Gano L, Morais TS, Mendes F, Correia JDG, Casini A. Bioconjugate Supramolecular Pd 2+ Metallacages Penetrate the Blood Brain Barrier In Vitro and In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1399-1408. [PMID: 33440122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical application of discrete supramolecular metal-based structures, specifically self-assembled metallacages, is still an emergent field of study. Capitalizing on the knowledge gained in recent years on the development of 3-dimensional (3D) metallacages as novel drug delivery systems and theranostic agents, we explore here the possibility to target [Pd2L4]4+ cages (L = 3,5-bis(3-ethynylpyridine)phenyl ligand) to the brain. In detail, a new water-soluble homoleptic cage (CPepH3) tethered to a blood brain barrier (BBB)-translocating peptide was synthesized by a combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and self-assembly procedures. The cage translocation efficacy was assessed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in a BBB cellular model in vitro. Biodistribution studies of the radiolabeled cage [[99mTcO4]- ⊂ CPepH3] in the CD1 mice model demonstrate its brain penetration properties in vivo. Further DFT studies were conducted to model the structure of the [[99mTcO4]- ⊂ cage] complex. Moreover, the encapsulation capabilities and stability of the cage were investigated using the [ReO4]- anion, the "cold" analogue of [99mTcO4]-, by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Overall, our study constitutes another proof-of-concept of the unique potential of supramolecular coordination complexes for modifying the physiochemical and biodistribution properties of diagnostic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Woods
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Rúben D M Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Darren Wragg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera F C Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal
| | - Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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11
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Taggart GA, Lorzing GR, Dworzak MR, Yap GPA, Bloch ED. Synthesis and characterization of low-nuclearity lantern-type porous coordination cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8924-8927. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of small lanterns with BET surface areas in excess of 200 m2 g−1. These cages represent the lower size limit for permanently microporous coordination cages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory R. Lorzing
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Center for Neutron Science
| | | | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Eric D. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Center for Neutron Science
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12
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Sepehrpour H, Fu W, Sun Y, Stang PJ. Biomedically Relevant Self-Assembled Metallacycles and Metallacages. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14005-14020. [PMID: 31419112 PMCID: PMC6744948 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diverse metal-organic complexes (MOCs), shaped as rectangles, triangles, hexagons, prisms, and cages, can be formed by coordination between metal ions (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Zn, Co, and Cd) and organic ligands, with potential applications as alternatives to conventional biomedical materials for therapeutic, sensing, and imaging purposes. MOCs have been investigated as anticancer drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors in lung, cervical, breast, colon, liver, prostate, ovarian, brain, stomach, bone, skin, mouth, thyroid, and other cancers. MOCs with one, two, and three cavities have also been investigated as drug carriers and prepared for the loading and release of different drugs. In addition, MOCs can target proteins by the shape effect and recognize sugars and DNA by electrostatic interactions, as well as estradiol by host-guest interactions, etc. This Perspective mainly covers achievements in the biomedical application of MOCs. We aim to identify some key trends in the reported MOC structures in relation to their biomedical activity and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Sepehrpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
| | - Wenxin Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China
| | - Peter. J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
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13
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Woods B, Döllerer D, Aikman B, Wenzel MN, Sayers EJ, Kühn FE, Jones AT, Casini A. Highly luminescent metallacages featuring bispyridyl ligands functionalised with BODIPY for imaging in cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110781. [PMID: 31357067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 3-dimensional supramolecular coordination complexes of the metallacage type have been shown to hold promise as drug delivery systems for different cytotoxic agents, including the anticancer drug cisplatin. However, so far only limited information is available on their uptake and sub-cellular localisation in cancer cells. With the aim of understanding the fate of metallacages in cells by fluorescence microscopy, three fluorescent Pd2L4 metallacages were designed and synthesised by self-assembly of two types of bispyridyl ligands (L), exo-functionalised with boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moieties, with Pd(II) ions. The cages show high quantum yields and are moderately stable in the presence of physiologically relevant concentration of glutathione. Furthermore, the cages are able to encapsulate the anticancer drug cisplatin, as demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies in a small panel of human cancer cells showed that the metallacages are scarcely toxic in vitro. The marked fluorescence due to BODIPY allowed us to visualise the cages' uptake and sub-cellular localisation inside melanoma cells using fluorescence microscopy, highlighting uptake via active transport mechanisms and accumulation in cytoplasmic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Woods
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Döllerer
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Brech Aikman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Margot N Wenzel
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J Sayers
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
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14
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Pöthig A, Casini A. Recent Developments of Supramolecular Metal-based Structures for Applications in Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Theranostics 2019; 9:3150-3169. [PMID: 31244947 PMCID: PMC6567972 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical application of discrete supramolecular metal-based structures, including supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), is still an emergent field of study. However, pioneering studies over the last 10 years demonstrated the potential of these supramolecular compounds as novel anticancer drugs, endowed with different mechanisms of action compared to classical small-molecules, often related to their peculiar molecular recognition properties. In addition, the robustness and modular composition of supramolecular metal-based structures allows for an incorporation of different functionalities in the same system to enable imaging in cells via different modalities, but also active tumor targeting and stimuli-responsiveness. Although most of the studies reported so far exploit these systems for therapy, supramolecular metal-based structures may also constitute ideal scaffolds to develop multimodal theranostic agents. Of note, the host-guest chemistry of 3D self-assembled supramolecular structures - within the metallacages family - can also be exploited to design novel drug delivery systems for anticancer chemotherapeutics. In this review, we aim at summarizing the pivotal concepts in this fascinating research area, starting with the main design principles and illustrating representative examples while providing a critical discussion of the state-of-the-art. A section is also included on supramolecular organometallic complexes (SOCs) whereby the (organic) linker is forming the organometallic bond to the metal node, whose biological applications are still to be explored. Certainly, the myriad of possible supramolecular metal-based structures and their almost limitless modularity and tunability suggests that the biomedical applications of such complex chemical entities will continue along this already promising path.
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