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Li B, Zhang Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu K. Insights into Antisite Defect Complex Induced High Ferro-Piezoelectric Properties in KNbO 3 Perovskite: First-Principles Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3442. [PMID: 39063734 PMCID: PMC11277845 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Improving ferro-piezoelectric properties of niobate-based perovskites is highly desirable for developing eco-friendly high-performance sensors and actuators. Although electro-strain coupling is usually obtained by constructing multiphase boundaries via complex chemical compositions, defect engineering can also create opportunities for novel property and functionality advancements. In this work, a representative tetragonal niobate-based perovskite, i.e., KNbO3, is studied by using first-principles calculations. Two intrinsic types of Nb antisite defect complexes are selected to mimic alkali-deficiency induced excess Nb antisites in experiments. The formation energy, electronic profiles, polarization, and piezoelectric constants are systematically analyzed. It is shown that the structural distortion and chemical heterogeneity around the energetically favorable antisite pair defects, i.e., (NbK4·+KNb4'), lower the crystal symmetry of KNbO3 from tetragonal to triclinic phase, and facilitate polarization emergence and reorientation to substantially enhance intrinsic ferro-piezoelectricity (i.e., spontaneous polarization Ps of 68.2 μC/cm2 and piezoelectric strain constant d33 of 228.3 pC/N) without complicated doping and alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yilun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
- Research Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology & The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology, Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.)
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Zheng P, Gan Z, Zhou C, Su P, Wu W. λ-DFVB(U): A hybrid density functional valence bond method based on unpaired electron density. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0091592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid density functional valence bond method based on unpaired electron density, called λ-DFVB(U), is presented, which is a combination of the valence bond self-consistent field (VBSCF) method and Kohn–Sham density functional theory. In λ-DFVB(U), the double-counting error of electron correlation is mitigated by a linear decomposition of the electron–electron interaction using a parameter λ, which is a function of an index based on the number of effectively unpaired electrons. In addition, λ-DFVB(U) is based on the approximation that correlation functionals in KS-DFT only cover dynamic correlation and exchange functionals mimic some amount of static correlation. Furthermore, effective spin densities constructed from unpaired density are used to address the symmetry dilemma problem in λ-DFVB(U). The method is applied to test calculations of atomization energies, atomic excitation energies, and reaction barriers. It is shown that the accuracy of λ-DFVB(U) is comparable to that of CASPT2, while its computational cost is approximately the same as VBSCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zixi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Su P, Wu W. Exploring the nature of electron-pair bonds: an energy decomposition analysis perspective. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:294004. [PMID: 35487208 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6bd9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the nature of electron-pair bonds is explored from an energy decomposition perspective. The recently developed valence bond energy decomposition analysis (VB-EDA) scheme is extended for the classification of electron-pair bonds, which divides the bond dissociation energy into frozen, reference state switch, quasi-resonance and polarization terms. VB-EDA investigations are devoted to a series of electron-pair bonds, including the covalent bonds (H-H, H3C-CH3, H3C-H, and H2N-NH2), the ionic bonds (Na-Cl, Li-F), the charge-shift (CS) bonds (HO-OH, F-F, Cl-Cl, Br-Br, H-F, F-Cl, H3Si-F and H3Si-Cl), and the inverted central carbon-carbon bond in [1.1.1] propallene. It is shown that the VB-EDA approach at the VBSCF level is capable of predicting the characters of the electron-pair bonds. The perspective from VB-EDA illustrates that a relatively high value of quasi-resonance term indicates a CS bond while a large portion of polarization term suggests a classical covalent bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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Zhou C, Hermes MR, Wu D, Bao JJ, Pandharkar R, King DS, Zhang D, Scott TR, Lykhin AO, Gagliardi L, Truhlar DG. Electronic structure of strongly correlated systems: recent developments in multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory and multiconfiguration nonclassical-energy functional theory. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7685-7706. [PMID: 35865899 PMCID: PMC9261488 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong electron correlation plays an important role in transition-metal and heavy-metal chemistry, magnetic molecules, bond breaking, biradicals, excited states, and many functional materials, but it provides a significant challenge for modern electronic structure theory. The treatment of strongly correlated systems usually requires a multireference method to adequately describe spin densities and near-degeneracy correlation. However, quantitative computation of dynamic correlation with multireference wave functions is often difficult or impractical. Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) provides a way to blend multiconfiguration wave function theory and density functional theory to quantitatively treat both near-degeneracy correlation and dynamic correlation in strongly correlated systems; it is more affordable than multireference perturbation theory, multireference configuration interaction, or multireference coupled cluster theory and more accurate for many properties than Kohn–Sham density functional theory. This perspective article provides a brief introduction to strongly correlated systems and previously reviewed progress on MC-PDFT followed by a discussion of several recent developments and applications of MC-PDFT and related methods, including localized-active-space MC-PDFT, generalized active-space MC-PDFT, density-matrix-renormalization-group MC-PDFT, hybrid MC-PDFT, multistate MC-PDFT, spin–orbit coupling, analytic gradients, and dipole moments. We also review the more recently introduced multiconfiguration nonclassical-energy functional theory (MC-NEFT), which is like MC-PDFT but allows for other ingredients in the nonclassical-energy functional. We discuss two new kinds of MC-NEFT methods, namely multiconfiguration density coherence functional theory and machine-learned functionals. This feature article overviews recent work on active spaces, matrix product reference states, treatment of quasidegeneracy, hybrid theory, density-coherence functionals, machine-learned functionals, spin–orbit coupling, gradients, and dipole moments.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Matthew R. Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dihua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Jie J. Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Riddhish Pandharkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Daniel S. King
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dayou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Thais R. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aleksandr O. Lykhin
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
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Rincón L, Mora JR, Rodriguez V, Torres FJ. Na⋯B bond in NaBH 3 - : An induced spin-polarized bond. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100676. [PMID: 34708497 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the Na⋯B bond, in the recently synthesized NaBH 3 - adduct, is analyzed on the light of the Na- propensity to polarize along the bond axis as a consequence of the electric field produced by the BH3 fragment. The observed induced polarization has two consequences: (i) the energetic stabilization of the Na- , and (ii) the split of its valence electrons into two opposite lobes along the bond axis. Additionally, an analysis of the electron localization is presented using the information content of the correlated conditional pair density that reveals a significant delocalization between one lobe of the polarized Na- anion and the BH3 fragment at the equilibrium distance. Our findings reported here complement previous works on this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rincón
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Instituto de Simulación Computacional, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador
| | - Jose R Mora
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Instituto de Simulación Computacional, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador
| | - Vladimir Rodriguez
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Departamento de Matemáticas, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Quito, 170157, Ecuador
| | - F Javier Torres
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-UR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, 111221, Colombia
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Zheng P, Ji C, Ying F, Su P, Wu W. A Valence-Bond-Based Multiconfigurational Density Functional Theory: The λ-DFVB Method Revisited. Molecules 2021; 26:521. [PMID: 33498268 PMCID: PMC7863953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed valence-bond-based multireference density functional theory, named λ-DFVB, is revisited in this paper. λ-DFVB remedies the double-counting error of electron correlation by decomposing the electron-electron interactions into the wave function term and density functional term with a variable parameter λ. The λ value is defined as a function of the free valence index in our previous scheme, denoted as λ-DFVB(K) in this paper. Here we revisit the λ-DFVB method and present a new scheme based on natural orbital occupation numbers (NOONs) for parameter λ, named λ-DFVB(IS), to simplify the process of λ-DFVB calculation. In λ-DFVB(IS), the parameter λ is defined as a function of NOONs, which are straightforwardly determined from the many-electron wave function of the molecule. Furthermore, λ-DFVB(IS) does not involve further self-consistent field calculation after performing the valence bond self-consistent field (VBSCF) calculation, and thus, the computational effort in λ-DFVB(IS) is approximately the same as the VBSCF method, greatly reduced from λ-DFVB(K). The performance of λ-DFVB(IS) was investigated on a broader range of molecular properties, including equilibrium bond lengths and dissociation energies, atomization energies, atomic excitation energies, and chemical reaction barriers. The computational results show that λ-DFVB(IS) is more robust without losing accuracy and comparable in accuracy to high-level multireference wave function methods, such as CASPT2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peifeng Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (P.Z.); (C.J.); (F.Y.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (P.Z.); (C.J.); (F.Y.)
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Chen Z, Wu W. Ab initio valence bond theory: A brief history, recent developments, and near future. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:090902. [PMID: 32891101 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This Perspective presents a survey of several issues in ab initio valence bond (VB) theory with a primary focus on recent advances made by the Xiamen VB group, including a brief review of the earlier history of the ab initio VB methods, in-depth discussion of algorithms for nonorthogonal orbital optimization in the VB self-consistent field method and VB methods incorporating dynamic electron correlation, along with a concise overview of VB methods for complex systems and VB models for chemical bonding and reactivity, and an outlook of opportunities and challenges for the near future of the VB theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Zhang Y, Su P, Lasorne B, Braïda B, Wu W. A Novel Valence-Bond-Based Automatic Diabatization Method by Compression. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5295-5301. [PMID: 32521163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel valence-bond-based automatic diabatization method by compression, called valence-bond-based compression approach for dibatization (VBCAD), is presented in this Letter. It is a "black-box" type method that provides an automatic diabatization from a classical valence bond (VB) perspective. In VBCAD, a model space projection is performed by an eigenvalue decomposition algorithm followed by dimensional reduction based on a sequence of Householder transformations. Our diabaticity criterion is implemented in a way that maximizes the diversity of VB structure weights between different diabatic states. Owing to the rigorous Householder transformations employed in this entire procedure, the invariance of the target eigensubspace is preserved. This is illustrated on two prototypical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | | | - Benoît Braïda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Mostafanejad M, Liebenthal MD, DePrince AE. Global Hybrid Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2274-2283. [PMID: 32101416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A global hybrid extension of multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) is developed. Using a linear decomposition of the electron-electron repulsion term, a fraction λ of the nonlocal exchange interaction, obtained from variational two-electron reduced-density matrix (v2RDM)-driven complete active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) theory, is combined with its local counterpart, obtained from an on-top pair-density functional. The resulting scheme (called λ-MC-PDFT) inherits the benefits of MC-PDFT (e.g., its simplicity and the resolution of the symmetry dilemma) and, when combined with the v2RDM approach to CASSCF, requires only polynomially scaling computational effort. As a result, λ-MC-PDFT can efficiently describe static and dynamical correlation effects in strongly correlated systems. The efficacy of the approach is assessed for several challenging multiconfigurational problems, including the dissociation of molecular nitrogen, the double dissociation of a water molecule, and the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of ozone to ethylene and ozone to acetylene in the O3ADD6 benchmark set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mostafanejad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Marcus Dante Liebenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - A Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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