1
|
Han Y, Li W, Bi C, Liu J, Xu H, Song H, Zhong K, Yang J, Jiang W, Yi J, Wang B, Chu PK, Ding P, Xu H, Zhu X. Na-mediated carbon nitride realizing CO 2 photoreduction with selectivity modulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 670:348-356. [PMID: 38763030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The depressed directional separation of photogenerated carriers and weak CO2 adsorption/activation activity are the main factors hampering the development of artificial photosynthesis. Herein, Na ions are embedded in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to achieve directional migration of the photogenerated electrons to Na sites, while the electron-rich Na sites enhance CO2 adsorption and activation. Na/g-C3N4 (NaCN) shows improved photocatalytic reduction activity of CO2 to CO and CH4, and under simulated sunlight irradiation, the CO yield of NaCN synthesized by embedding Na at 550°C (NaCN-550) is 371.2 μmol g-1 h-1, which is 58.9 times more than that of the monomer g-C3N4. By means of theoretical calculations and experiments including in situ fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the mechanism is investigated. This strategy which improves carrier separation and reduces the energy barrier at the same time is important to the development of artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Chuanzhou Bi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hangmin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Hao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kang Zhong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jinman Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Weiyi Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jianjian Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Penghui Ding
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-601 74, Sweden.
| | - Hui Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xingwang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang N, Cheng L, Liao Y, Xiang Q. Effect of Functional Group Modifications on the Photocatalytic Performance of g-C 3 N 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300109. [PMID: 36965084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photocatalysis has received increasing attention in alleviating energy scarcity and environmental treatment, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is used as an ideal photocatalyst. However, it still remains numerous challenges to obtain the desirable photocatalytic performance of intrinsic g-C3 N4 . Functional group functionalization, formed by introducing functional groups into the bulk structure, is one of the common modification techniques to modulate the carrier dynamics and increases the number of active sites, offering new opportunities to break the limits for structure-to-performance relationship of g-C3 N4 . Nevertheless, the general overview of the advance of functional group modification of g-C3 N4 is less reported yet. In order to better understand the structure-to-performance relationship at the molecular level, a review of the latest development of functional group modification is urgently needed. In this review, the functional group modification of g-C3 N4 in terms of structures, properties, and photocatalytic activity is mainly focused, as well as their mechanism of reaction from the molecular level insights is explained. Second, the recent progress of the application of introducing functional groups in g-C3 N4 is introduced and examples are given. Finally, the difficulties and challenges are presented, and based on this, an outlook on the future research development direction is shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caudillo-Flores U, Ares-Dorado A, Alonso-Nuñez G, Tudela D, Fernández-García M, Kubacka A. Role of alkali-cyano group interaction in g-C3N4 based catalysts for hydrogen photo-production. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Elchalakani M, Liu H, Briseghella B, Sun C. Photocatalytic concrete for degrading organic dyes in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39027-39040. [PMID: 35098464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of photocatalytic degradation technology, it has brought new vitality to the environmental governance and the response to the energy crisis. Photocatalysts harvest optical energy to drive chemical reactions, which means people can use solar energy to complete some resource-consuming activities by photocatalysts, such as environmental governance. In recent years, researchers have tried to combine photocatalyst TiO2 with building materials to purify urban air and obtained good results. One of the important functions of photocatalysts is to degrade organic pollutants in water through light energy, but this technology has not been reported in the practical application areas. To extend this technology to practical application areas, photocatalytic concrete for degrading pollutants in waters was proposed and demonstrated for the first time in this paper. The photocatalytic concrete proposed based on the K-g-C3N4 shows a strong ability to degrade the organic dyes. According to the experiment results, the angle of light source plays an important role in the process of photocatalytic degradation, while waters with pH value of 6.5-8.5 hardly influenced the degradation of organic dyes. When the angle of light source is advantageous for photocatalytic concrete to absorb more visible light, more organic dyes will be degraded by photocatalytic concrete. The degradation rate of methylene blue could reach about 80% in ½ hour under desirable conditions and is satisfied compared with that of reported works. This study implicates that photocatalytic concrete can effectively degrade organic dyes in water. The influences of changes in the water environment hardly affect the degradation of organic pollutants, which means photocatalytic concrete can be widely used in green infrastructures to achieve urban sewage treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mohamed Elchalakani
- School of Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Houfeng Liu
- College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Bruno Briseghella
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nekooie R, Ghasemi JB, Badiei A, Shamspur T, Mostafavi A, Moradian S. Design and synthesis of g-C3N4/(Cu/TiO2) nanocomposite for the visible light photocatalytic degradation of endosulfan in aqueous solutions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of a double Z-scheme g-C 3N 4/AgI/β-AgVO 3 ternary nanocomposite for efficient degradation of organic pollutants and DPC-Cr(VI) complex under visible-light irradiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1371-1386. [PMID: 35507304 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Z-scheme photocatalytic system provides a promising way to achieve significant photodegradation efficiency. The work embodied here describes the synthesis of highly efficient double Z-scheme g-C3N4/AgI/β-AgVO3 (g-CNAB) ternary nanocomposite using a one-pot hydrothermal route. The optical properties, phase structure, and morphology of the synthesized samples were investigated using UV-visible diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy investigation revealed that synthesized composite material represents close interfacial interactions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of all the elements in the synthesized ternary nanocomposite materials. The photocatalytic performance of as-prepared photocatalysts has been systematically investigated using the photodegradation of a variety of pollutants, including Rhodamine B, Ciprofloxacin, and 1,5-diphenylcarbazide-Cr(VI) [DPC-Cr(VI)] complex under visible-light irradiation. Among all synthesized materials, such as g-C3N4, AgI, β-AgVO3, and ternary nanocomposites with varying loading of β-AgVO3 [g-CNAB(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0)], the photocatalyst g-CNAB(1.5) nanocomposite achieved a remarkably high photocatalytic efficiency. The quenching impact of several scavengers revealed that reactive species such as superoxide anion radical (O2·-) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) are significant in the degradation of various contaminants. Based on the characterization and application, a plausible photocatalytic mechanism has been sketched out to determine the reaction pathways involved in the degradation of pollutants present in the aqueous medium.
Collapse
|
7
|
Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production of g-C 3N 4 by Selective Deposition of Pt Cocatalyst. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123266. [PMID: 34947614 PMCID: PMC8709060 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been widely studied as a photocatalyst for the splitting of water to produce hydrogen. In order to solve the problems of limited number of active sites and serious recombination rate of charge-carriers, noble metals are needed as cocatalysts. Here, we selectively anchored Pt nanoparticles (NPs) to specific nitrogen species on the surface of g-C3N4 via heat treatment in argon–hydrogen gas mixture, thus achieving g-C3N4 photocatalyst anchored by highly dispersed homogeneous Pt NPs with the co-existed metallic Pt0 and Pt2+ species. The synergistic effect of highly dispersed metallic Pt0 and Pt2+ species makes the catalyst exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance. Under the full-spectrum solar light irradiation, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the photocatalyst is up to 18.67 mmol·g−1·h−1, which is 5.1 times of the catalyst prepared by non-selective deposition of Pt NPs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu S, Yu A, Lu R. A comparison study of sodium ion- and potassium ion-modified graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15701-15709. [PMID: 35481164 PMCID: PMC9029307 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that modifying graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is an imperative strategy to improve its photocatalytic activity. In this study, Na-doped and K-doped graphitic carbon nitride (GCN-Na and GCN-K) were prepared via the simple thermal polymerization of a mixture of melamine and NaCl or KCl, respectively. The structure characterization showed that both Na+ and K+ intercalation could reduce the interlayer distance of GCN and introduce cyano defects in GCN, while K+ apparently had a stronger influence on the structure variation of GCN. The chemical composition data showed that both Na+ and K+ could easily interact with GCN, while K-doping caused a greater change in the C/N ratio than Na-doping. Moreover, compared to GCN-Na-5 (5 represents weight ratio of alkali halide to melamine), the conduction and valence bands of GCN-K-5 both shifted upward based on the electronic and optical measurements. Consequently, GCN-K-5 yielded an H2 evolution rate around 4 times higher than that of GCN-Na-5 under visible light irradiation (>420 nm). The cation size effect on GCN was proposed to be mainly responsible for the variation in the structure, optical and electronic properties of ion-doped GCNs, and hence the enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution. The current work can provide new insight into optimizing photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic performances. The ion size effect on graphitic carbon nitride is responsible for variations in its structure, optical and electronic properties, and hence the enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China +86-10-6251-6444
| | - Anchi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China +86-10-6251-6444
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China +86-10-6251-6444
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Liu Y, Ma Z. g-C3N4 Modified by meso-Tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Under Visible/Near-Infrared Light. Front Chem 2020; 8:605343. [PMID: 33240861 PMCID: PMC7677346 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.605343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new photocatalyst denoted as mTHPC/pCN was prepared by modifying protonated graphitic carbon nitride (pCN) by meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC). Relevant samples were characterized via various methods including zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible–near-infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photocurrent response measurements, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and phosphorescence spectroscopy. Compared with pCN, mTHPC/pCN shows enhanced absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions and thus higher photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution. A possible mechanism for mTHPC/pCN is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Ma
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
One-step preparation of novel K+ and cyano-group co-doped crystalline polymeric carbon nitride with highly efficient H2 evolution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Zhang S, Khan I, Qin X, Qi K, Liu Y, Bai S. Construction of 1D Ag-AgBr/AlOOH Plasmonic Photocatalyst for Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride. Front Chem 2020; 8:117. [PMID: 32195222 PMCID: PMC7066255 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the highly efficient and low-cost Ag-AgBr/AlOOH plasmonic photocatalyst is successfully prepared via a simple and mild wet-chemical process and used for degrading high concentration methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The optimized 6-Ag-AgBr/AlOOH sample showed a 79% decomposition of TCH in 2 h, which is almost two times higher than that of bare AgBr (37%). For degrading MB, the photocatalytic activity of 6-Ag-AgBr/AlOOH (decomposing 84% in 2 h) showed a large enhancement as compared to bare AgBr (only 57%). The TEM, HRTEM, XRD, DRS, and XPS characterization results confirm that Ag-AgBr is a composite catalyst formed by loading Ag nanoparticles onto AgBr surfaces and then loaded on to AlOOH. The possible mechanism proposed is that •O 2 - and •OH radicals produced under sun light are the main active species for degrading MB and TCH. It is hoped that this work will open a new gateway to the synthesis of highly efficient and low-cost Ag-AgBr/AlOOH plasmonic photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Zhang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Iltaf Khan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- Department of Information and Control Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Science and Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Kezhen Qi
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuchong Bai
- Institute of Paleontological, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|