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Xu Y, Zhang L, Chen W, Cui H, Cai J, Chen Y, Feliu JM, Herrero E. Boosting Oxygen Reduction at Pt(111)|Proton Exchange Ionomer Interfaces through Tuning the Microenvironment Water Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4540-4549. [PMID: 38227931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A proton exchange ionomer is one of the most important components in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It acts as both a proton conductor and a binder for nanocatalysts and carbon supports. The structure and the wetting conditions of the MEAs have a great impact on the microenvironment at the three-phase interphases in the MEAs, which can significantly influence the electrode kinetics such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. Herein, by using the Pt(111)|X ionomer interface as a model system (X = Nafion, Aciplex, D72), we find that higher drying temperature lowers the onset potential for sulfonate adsorption and reduces apparent ORR current, while the current wave for OHad formation drops and shifts positively. Surprisingly, the intrinsic ORR activity is higher after properly correcting the blocking effect of Pt active sites by sulfonate adsorption and the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) skeleton. These results are well explained by the reduced water activity at the interfaces induced by the ionomer/PTFE, according to the mixed potential effect. Implications for how to prepare MEAs with improved ORR activity are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haowen Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante E-03080, Spain
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2
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Americo S, Pakdel S, Thygesen KS. Enhancing Metallicity and Basal Plane Reactivity of 2D Materials via Self-Intercalation. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38290223 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Intercalation (ic) of metal atoms into the van der Waals (vdW) gap of layered materials constitutes a facile strategy to create materials whose properties can be tuned via the concentration of the intercalated atoms. Here we perform systematic density functional theory calculations to explore various properties of an emergent class of crystalline 2D materials (ic-2D materials) comprising vdW homobilayers with native metal atoms on a sublattice of intercalation sites. From an initial set of 1348 ic-2D materials, generated from 77 vdW homobilayers, we find 95 structures with good thermodynamic stability (formation energy within 200 meV/atom of the convex hull). A significant fraction of the semiconducting host materials are found to undergo an insulator to metal transition upon self-intercalation, with only PdS2, PdSe2, and GeS2 maintaining a finite electronic gap. In five cases, self-intercalation introduces magnetism. In general, self-intercalation is found to promote metallicity and enhance the chemical reactivity on the basal plane. Based on the calculated H binding energy, we find that self-intercalated SnS2 and Hf3Te2 are promising candidates for hydrogen evolution catalysis. All the stable ic-2D structures and their calculated properties can be explored in the open C2DB database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Americo
- Computational Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sahar Pakdel
- Computational Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Sommer Thygesen
- Computational Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Ghelichkhah Z, Srinivasan R, Macdonald DD, Ferguson GS. Anion-Catalyzed Active Dissolution Model for the Electrochemical Adsorption of Bisulfate, Sulfate, and Oxygen on Gold in H2SO4 Solution. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Orellana W, Zuñiga C, Gatica A, Ureta-Zanartu MS, Zagal JH, Tasca F. Effect of Electrolyte Media on the Catalysis of Fe Phthalocyanine toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Analyses. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Orellana
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sazié 2212, Santiago837-0136, Chile
| | - Cesar Zuñiga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago837-0136, Chile
| | - Angelica Gatica
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago837-0136, Chile
| | - Maria-Soledad Ureta-Zanartu
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago837-0136, Chile
| | - Jose H. Zagal
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago837-0136, Chile
| | - Federico Tasca
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago837-0136, Chile
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The Adsorption and Electropolymerization of Terthiophene on Au(111) Electrode – Probed by in situ STM. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Chatenet M, Pollet BG, Dekel DR, Dionigi F, Deseure J, Millet P, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ, Eikerling M, Staffell I, Balcombe P, Shao-Horn Y, Schäfer H. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4583-4762. [PMID: 35575644 PMCID: PMC9332215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the 'junctions' between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Chatenet
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Green Hydrogen Lab, Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Deseure
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Millet
- Paris-Saclay University, ICMMO (UMR 8182), 91400 Orsay, France
- Elogen, 8 avenue du Parana, 91940 Les Ulis, France
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Chair of Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Materials in Energy Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Iain Staffell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Balcombe
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Energy, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Helmut Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, The Electrochemical Energy and Catalysis Group, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Schönig M, Frittmann S, Schuster R. Identification of electrochemically adsorbed species via electrochemical microcalorimetry: sulfate adsorption on Au(111). Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200227. [PMID: 35510390 PMCID: PMC9542382 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigate compositional changes of an electrochemical interface upon polarization with electrochemical microcalorimetry. From the heat exchanged at a Au(111) electrode upon sulfate adsorption, we determine the reaction entropy of the adsorption process for both neutral and acidic solutions, where the dominant species in solution changes from SO42− to HSO4−. In neutral solution, the reaction entropy is about 40 J mol−1 K−1 more positive than that in acidic solution over the complete sulfate adsorption region. This entropy offset is explicable by a deprotonation step of HSO4− preceding sulfate adsorption in acidic solution, which shows that the adsorbing species is SO4* in both solutions. The observed overall variation of the reaction entropy in the sulfate adsorption region of ca. 80 J mol−1 K−1 indicates significant sulfate‐coverage dependent entropic contributions to the Free Enthalpy of the surface system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schönig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute of Physical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Frittmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute of Physical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Rolf Schuster
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KIT, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, GERMANY
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Warburton RE, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical Modeling of Electrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10599-10650. [PMID: 35230812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays an essential role in a wide range of electrocatalytic processes. A vast array of theoretical and computational methods have been developed to study electrochemical PCET. These methods can be used to calculate redox potentials and pKa values for molecular electrocatalysts, proton-coupled redox potentials and bond dissociation free energies for PCET at metal and semiconductor interfaces, and reorganization energies associated with electrochemical PCET. Periodic density functional theory can also be used to compute PCET activation energies and perform molecular dynamics simulations of electrochemical interfaces. Various approaches for maintaining a constant electrode potential in electronic structure calculations and modeling complex interactions in the electric double layer (EDL) have been developed. Theoretical formulations for both homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical PCET spanning the adiabatic, nonadiabatic, and solvent-controlled regimes have been developed and provide analytical expressions for the rate constants and current densities as functions of applied potential. The quantum mechanical treatment of the proton and inclusion of excited vibronic states have been shown to be critical for describing experimental data, such as Tafel slopes and potential-dependent kinetic isotope effects. The calculated rate constants can be used as input to microkinetic models and voltammogram simulations to elucidate complex electrocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Warburton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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9
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Kamat GA, Zamora Zeledón JA, Gunasooriya GTKK, Dull SM, Perryman JT, Nørskov JK, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Acid anion electrolyte effects on platinum for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. Commun Chem 2022; 5:20. [PMID: 36697647 PMCID: PMC9814610 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum is an important material with applications in oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. To better understand how its activity can be modulated through electrolyte effects in the double layer microenvironment, herein we investigate the effects of different acid anions on platinum for the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) in pH 1 electrolytes. Experimentally, we see the ORR activity trend of HClO4 > HNO3 > H2SO4, and the OER activity trend of HClO4 [Formula: see text] HNO3 ∼ H2SO4. HER/HOR performance is similar across all three electrolytes. Notably, we demonstrate that ORR performance can be improved 4-fold in nitric acid compared to in sulfuric acid. Assessing the potential-dependent role of relative anion competitive adsorption with density functional theory, we calculate unfavorable adsorption on Pt(111) for all the anions at HER/HOR conditions while under ORR/OER conditions [Formula: see text] binds the weakest followed by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Our combined experimental-theoretical work highlights the importance of understanding the role of anions across a large potential range and reveals nitrate-like electrolyte microenvironments as interesting possible sulfonate alternatives to mitigate the catalyst poisoning effects of polymer membranes/ionomers in electrochemical systems. These findings help inform rational design approaches to further enhance catalyst activity via microenvironment engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Ashish Kamat
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - José A. Zamora Zeledón
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. T. Kasun Kalhara Gunasooriya
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Samuel M. Dull
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Joseph T. Perryman
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
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10
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Chou HL, Rick J. Investigation of CO and OH adsorption and oxidation in the presence of cocatalytic ruthenium ions on the Pt(111) surface. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
Structures and processes at water/metal interfaces play an important technological role in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, photoconversion, sensors, and corrosion, just to name a few. However, they are also of fundamental significance as a model system for the study of solid-liquid interfaces, which requires combining concepts from the chemistry and physics of crystalline materials and liquids. Particularly interesting is the fact that the water-water and water-metal interactions are of similar strength so that the structures at water/metal interfaces result from a competition between these comparable interactions. Because water is a polar molecule and water and metal surfaces are both polarizable, explicit consideration of the electronic degrees of freedom at water/metal interfaces is mandatory. In principle, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are thus the method of choice to model water/metal interfaces, but they are computationally still rather demanding. Here, ab initio simulations of water/metal interfaces will be reviewed, starting from static systems such as the adsorption of single water molecules, water clusters, and icelike layers, followed by the properties of liquid water layers at metal surfaces. Technical issues such as the appropriate first-principles description of the water-water and water-metal interactions will be discussed, and electrochemical aspects will be addressed. Finally, more approximate but numerically less demanding approaches to treat water at metal surfaces from first-principles will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany.,Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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12
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Razzaq S, Exner KS. Method to Determine the Bifunctional Index for the Oxygen Electrocatalysis from Theory. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Razzaq
- University of Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry Universitaetsstrasse 5 45141 Essen GERMANY
| | - Kai Steffen Exner
- Universität Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry Universitätsstr. 5 45141 Essen GERMANY
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Raciti D, Moffat TP. Quantification of Hydride Coverage on Cu(111) by Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06207. [PMID: 38711439 PMCID: PMC11070959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS) is combined with chronoamperometry to quantify H coverage associated with the surface hydride phase on Cu(111) in 0.1 mol/L H2SO4. A two-step potential pulse program is used to examine anion desorption and hydride formation, and the inverse, by tracking the 2 atomic mass unit (amu) signal for H2 production in comparison to the charge passed. On the negative potential step, the reduction current is partitioned between anion desorption, hydride formation, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For modest overpotentials, variations in partial processes are evident as inflections in the chronoamperometry and EC-MS signal. On the return step to positive potentials, hydride decomposition by H recombination to H2 occurs in parallel with sulfate adsorption. The challenge associated with the inherent diffusional delay in the EC-MS response is mitigated by total H2 collection and steady-state analysis facilitated by the thin-layer EC-MS cell geometry as demonstrated for the HER on a non-hydride forming Ag electrode. Analysis of the respective transients and steady-state response on Cu(111) reveals a saturated hydride fractional coverage of 0.67 at negative potentials with an upper bound charge of 106 μC/cm2 (average electrosorption valency of ≈1.76) associated with adsorption of the (√ 3 × √ 7 ) mixed sulfate-water adlayer at positive potentials.
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14
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Eslamibidgoli MJ, Huang J, Kowalski PM, Eikerling MH, Groß A. Deprotonation and cation adsorption on the NiOOH/water interface: A grand-canonical first-principles investigation. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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da Silva KN, Sitta E. Oscillatory dynamics during the methanol electrooxidation reaction on Pt(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22263-22272. [PMID: 34644370 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite several papers describing the oscillatory methanol electrooxidation reaction (OMOR) catalyzed by polycrystalline Pt, these dynamic instabilities are less explored on single crystalline surfaces. Herein, we observed and mapped for the first time the OMOR on Pt(111) in non-adsorbing anion solutions as well as in the presence of small amounts of sulfate anions. Period 1 oscillations with oscillation frequencies from 1.2 to 2.0 Hz were observed for methanol concentrations higher than 1.0 M, with no evolution to more complex patterns. These oscillations occur in the potential range in which PtOH is partially covering the surface without irreversible oxidation processes. Small changes in both the mean potential (Em) and the poisoning rate along the time-series were observed, the so-called drift, and were explained in terms of the accumulation of intermediates at the interface. The presence of sulfate strongly inhibits the OMOR, and the results are discussed in terms of sulfate adlayer formation on {111} domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline Nascimento da Silva
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Elton Sitta
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil. .,Center for Innovation on New Energies, Campinas, 13083-841, Brazil
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16
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What Is the Real State of Single-Atom Catalysts under Electrochemical Conditions—From Adsorption to Surface Pourbaix Plots? Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in single-atom catalysts (SACs) is increasing, as these materials have the ultimate level of catalyst utilization, while novel reactions where SACs are used are constantly being discovered. However, to properly understand SACs and to further improve these materials, it is necessary to consider the nature of active sites under operating conditions. This is particularly important when SACs are used as electrocatalysts due to harsh experimental conditions, including extreme pH values or high anodic and cathodic potential. In this contribution, density functional theory-based thermodynamic modelling is used to address the nature of metal centers in SACs formed by embedding single metal atoms (Ru, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au) into graphene monovacancy. Our results suggest that none of these SAC metal centers are clean at any potential or pH in the water thermodynamic stability region. Instead, metal centers are covered with Hads, OHads, or Oads, and in some cases, we observed the restructuring of the metal sites due to oxygen incorporation. Based on these findings, it is suggested that setting up theoretical models for SAC modelling and the interpretation of ex situ characterization results using ultra-high vacuum (UHV) techniques requires special care, as the nature of SAC active sites under operating conditions can significantly diverge from the basic models or the pictures set by the UHV measurements.
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Zamora Zeledón JA, Kamat GA, Gunasooriya GTKK, Nørskov JK, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Probing the Effects of Acid Electrolyte Anions on Electrocatalyst Activity and Selectivity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Zamora Zeledón
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
| | - Gaurav Ashish Kamat
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
| | | | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Catalysis Theory Center Department of Physics Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
| | - Thomas F. Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 United States
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18
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Heinritz A, Binninger T, Patru A, Schmidt TJ. Asymmetric Butler–Volmer Kinetics of the Electrochemical Ce(III)/Ce(IV) Redox Couple on Polycrystalline Au Electrodes in Sulfuric Acid and the Dissociation Field Effect. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Heinritz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Binninger
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandra Patru
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Li M, Sakong S, Groß A. In Search of the Active Sites for the Selective Catalytic Reduction on Tungsten-Doped Vanadia Monolayer Catalysts Supported by TiO 2. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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20
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Granda-Marulanda LP, McCrum IT, Koper MTM. A simple method to calculate solution-phase free energies of charged species in computational electrocatalysis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:204001. [PMID: 33761487 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf19d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining the adsorption potential of adsorbed ions in the field of computational electrocatalysis is of great interest to study their interaction with the electrode material and the solvent, and to map out surface phase diagrams and reaction pathways. Calculating the adsorption potentials of ions with density functional theory and comparing across various ions requires an accurate reference energy of the ion in solution and electrons at the same electrochemical scale. Here we highlight a previously used method for determining the reference free energy of solution phase ions using a simple electrochemical thermodynamic cycle, which allows this free energy to be calculated from that of a neutral gas-phase or solid species and an experimentally measured equilibrium potential, avoiding the need to model solvent around the solution phase ion in the electronic structure calculations. While this method is not new, we describe its use and utility in detail and show that this same method can be used to find the free energy of any ion from any reaction, as long as the half-cell equilibrium potential is known, even for reactions that do not transfer the same number of protons and electrons. To illustrate its usability, we compare the adsorption potentials obtained with DFT of I*, Br*, Cl*, and SO4*on Pt(111) and Au(111) and OH*and Ag*on Pt(111) with those measured experimentally and find that this simple and computationally affordable method reproduces the experimental trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian T McCrum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699, United States of America
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Rebollar L, Intikhab S, Oliveira NJ, Yan Y, Xu B, McCrum IT, Snyder JD, Tang MH. “Beyond Adsorption” Descriptors in Hydrogen Electrocatalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rebollar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Saad Intikhab
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ian T. McCrum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Joshua D. Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maureen H. Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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