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Corucci G, Batchu KC, Luchini A, Santamaria A, Frewein MPK, Laux V, Haertlein M, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Botté CY, Sheridan T, Tully M, Maestro A, Martel A, Porcar L, Fragneto G. Developing advanced models of biological membranes with hydrogenous and deuterated natural glycerophospholipid mixtures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:870-881. [PMID: 37178564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are complex systems that consist of hundreds of different lipid species. Their investigation often relies on simple bilayer models including few synthetic lipid species. Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) extracted from cells are a valuable resource to produce advanced models of biological membranes. Here, we present the optimisation of a method previously reported by our team for the extraction and purification of various GPL mixtures from Pichia pastoris. The implementation of an additional purification step by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (HPLC-ELSD) enabled for a better separation of the GPL mixtures from the neutral lipid fraction that includes sterols, and also allowed for the GPLs to be purified according to their different polar headgroups. Pure GPL mixtures at significantly high yields were produced through this approach. For this study, we utilised phoshatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) mixtures. These exhibit a single composition of the polar head, i.e., PC, PS or PG, but contain several molecular species consisting of acyl chains of varying length and unsaturation, which were determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). The lipid mixtures were produced both in their hydrogenous (H) and deuterated (D) versions and were used to form lipid bilayers both on solid substrates and as vesicles in solution. The supported lipid bilayers were characterised by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and neutron reflectometry (NR), whereas the vesicles by small angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS). Our results show that despite differences in the acyl chain composition, the hydrogenous and deuterated extracts produced bilayers with very comparable structures, which makes them valuable to design experiments involving selective deuteration with techniques such as NMR, neutron scattering or infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Corucci
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France; École doctorale de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | | | - Alessandra Luchini
- European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andreas Santamaria
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France; Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Moritz Paul Karl Frewein
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Valèrie Laux
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté
- ApicoLipid Team & GEMELI Lipidomics Platform, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM (-National Institute for Health and Medical Research) U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cyrille Y Botté
- ApicoLipid Team & GEMELI Lipidomics Platform, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, INSERM (-National Institute for Health and Medical Research) U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Sheridan
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland; AbbVie, Clonshaugh, Dublin 7, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Tully
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Armando Maestro
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France; École doctorale de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France; European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Lipid bilayer degradation induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as revealed by neutron reflectometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14867. [PMID: 34290262 PMCID: PMC8295359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins are responsible for the membrane fusion event, which allows the virus to enter the host cell and cause infection. This process starts with the binding of the spike extramembrane domain to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane receptor highly abundant in the lungs. In this study, the extramembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (sSpike) was injected on model membranes formed by supported lipid bilayers in presence and absence of the soluble part of receptor ACE2 (sACE2), and the structural features were studied at sub-nanometer level by neutron reflection. In all cases the presence of the protein produced a remarkable degradation of the lipid bilayer. Indeed, both for membranes from synthetic and natural lipids, a significant reduction of the surface coverage was observed. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements showed that lipid extraction starts immediately after sSpike protein injection. All measurements indicate that the presence of proteins induces the removal of membrane lipids, both in the presence and in the absence of ACE2, suggesting that sSpike molecules strongly associate with lipids, and strip them away from the bilayer, via a non-specific interaction. A cooperative effect of sACE2 and sSpike on lipid extraction was also observed.
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