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Romischke J, Eickner T, Grabow N, Kragl U, Oschatz S. 3-Sulfopropyl acrylate potassium-based polyelectrolyte hydrogels: sterilizable synthetic material for biomedical application. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28881-28888. [PMID: 39263439 PMCID: PMC11388722 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03901g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are extensively used in the biomedical field due to their highly valued properties, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity and resistance to rheological stress. However, determining an efficient sterilization protocol that does not compromise the functional properties of hydrogels is one of the challenges researchers face when developing a material for a medical application. In this work, conventional sterilization methods (steam-, radiation- and gas sterilization) were investigated regarding the influence on the degree of swelling, mechanical performance and chemical effects on the poly 3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium (pAESO3) hydrogel, which is a promising representative for biomedical engineering applications. In summary, no significant changes in the gel properties were observed after sterilization, showing the potential of the selected hydrogel for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Romischke
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Industrial and Analytical Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Str. 3A Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Thomas Eickner
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4 18119 Rostock Germany
| | - Niels Grabow
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4 18119 Rostock Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Udo Kragl
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Industrial and Analytical Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Str. 3A Rostock 18059 Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Stefan Oschatz
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4 18119 Rostock Germany
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2
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Wang J, Yang W, Li Y, Ma X, Xie Y, Zhou G, Liu S. Dual-Temperature/pH-Sensitive Hydrogels with Excellent Strength and Toughness Crosslinked Using Three Crosslinking Methods. Gels 2024; 10:480. [PMID: 39057503 PMCID: PMC11275505 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as excellent drug carriers in the field of biomedicine. However, their application in medicine is limited by their poor mechanical properties and softness. To improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels, a novel triple-network amphiphilic hydrogel with three overlapping crosslinking methods using a one-pot free-radical polymerization was synthesized in this study. Temperature-sensitive and pH-sensitive monomers were incorporated into the hydrogel to confer stimulus responsiveness, making the hydrogel stimuli-responsive. The successful synthesis of the hydrogel was confirmed using techniques, such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to compare and analyze the properties of physically crosslinked hydrogels, physically-chemically double-crosslinked hydrogels, and physically-chemically clicked triple-crosslinked hydrogels, various tests were conducted on the gels' morphology, swelling behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and drug loading capacity. The results indicate that the triple-crosslinked hydrogel maintains low swelling, high mechanical strength, and good thermal stability while not significantly compromising its drug delivery capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (J.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (Y.X.); (G.Z.)
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3
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Ahmed MS, Islam M, Hasan MK, Nam KW. A Comprehensive Review of Radiation-Induced Hydrogels: Synthesis, Properties, and Multidimensional Applications. Gels 2024; 10:381. [PMID: 38920928 PMCID: PMC11203285 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
At the forefront of advanced material technology, radiation-induced hydrogels present a promising avenue for innovation across various sectors, utilizing gamma radiation, electron beam radiation, and UV radiation. Through the unique synthesis process involving radiation exposure, these hydrogels exhibit exceptional properties that make them highly versatile and valuable for a multitude of applications. This paper focuses on the intricacies of the synthesis methods employed in creating these radiation-induced hydrogels, shedding light on their structural characteristics and functional benefits. In particular, the paper analyzes the diverse utility of these hydrogels in biomedicine and agriculture, showcasing their potential for applications such as targeted drug delivery, injury recovery, and even environmental engineering solutions. By analyzing current research trends and highlighting potential future directions, this review aims to underscore the transformative impact that radiation-induced hydrogels could have on various industries and the advancement of biomedical and agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahriar Ahmed
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.S.A.); (K.-W.N.)
| | - Mobinul Islam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.S.A.); (K.-W.N.)
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Advanced Battery Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Nam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.S.A.); (K.-W.N.)
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Hia EM, Jang SR, Maharjan B, Park J, Park CH, Kim CS. Construction of a PEGDA/chitosan hydrogel incorporating mineralized copper-doped mesoporous silica nanospheres for accelerated bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130218. [PMID: 38367780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels, integrating diverse biocompatible materials, have emerged as promising candidates for bone repair applications. This study presents a double network hydrogel designed for bone tissue engineering, combining poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and chitosan (CS) crosslinked through UV polymerization and ionic crosslinking. Concurrently, copper-doped mesoporous silica nanospheres (Cu-MSNs) were synthesized using a one-pot method. Cu-MSNs underwent additional modification through in-situ biomineralization, resulting in the formation of an apatite layer. Polydopamine was employed to facilitate the deposition of Calcium (Ca) and Phosphate (P) ions on the surface of Cu-MSNs (Cu-MSNs/PDA@CaP). Composite hydrogels were created by integrating varied concentrations of Cu-MSNs/PDA@CaP (25, 50, 100, 150, 200 μg/mL). Characterization unveiled distinctive interconnected porous structures within the composite hydrogel, showcasing a notable 169.6 % enhancement in compressive stress (elevating from 89.01 to 240.19 kPa) compared to pure PEGDA. In vitro biocompatibility experiments illustrated that the composite hydrogel maintained elevated cell viability (up to 106.6 %) and facilitated rapid cell proliferation over 7 days. The hydrogel demonstrated a substantial 57.58 % rise in ALP expression and a surprising 235.27 % increase in ARS staining. Moreover, it significantly enhanced the expression of crucial osteogenic genes, such as run-related transcription factors 2 (RUNX2), collagen 1a1 (Col1a1), and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1), establishing it as a promising scaffold for bone regeneration. This study shows how Cu-MSNs/PDA@CaP were successfully integrated into a double network hydrogel, resulting in a composite material with good biological responses. Due to its improved characteristics, this composite hydrogel holds the potential for advancing bone regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esensil Man Hia
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Rim Jang
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bikendra Maharjan
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Park
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Denton O, Wan Y, Beattie L, Jack T, McGoldrick P, McAllister H, Mullan C, Douglas CM, Shu W. Understanding the Role of Biofilms in Acute Recurrent Tonsillitis through 3D Bioprinting of a Novel Gelatin-PEGDA Hydrogel. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:202. [PMID: 38534476 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute recurrent tonsillitis is a chronic, biofilm-related infection that is a significant burden to patients and healthcare systems. It is often treated with repeated courses of antibiotics, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Studying biofilms is key to understanding this disease. In vitro modelling using 3D bioprinted hydrogels is a promising approach to achieve this. A novel gelatin-PEGDA pseudomonas fluorescens-laden bioink was developed and bioprinted in a 3D hydrogel construct fabricated using computer-aided design to mimic the tonsillar biofilm environment. The bioprinted constructs were cultured at 37 °C in lysogeny broth for 12 days. Bacterial growth was assessed by spectrophotometry. Cellular viability analysis was conducted using optical fluorescence microscopy (FDA/PI staining). A biocompatible 3D-printed bacteria-laden hydrogel construct was successfully fabricated. Bacterial growth was observed using optical fluorescence microscopy. A live/dead cellular-staining protocol demonstrated bacterial viability. Results obtained after the 12-day culture period showed higher bacterial growth in the 1% gelatin concentration construct compared to the 0% control. This study demonstrates the first use of a bacteria-laden gelatin-PEGDA hydrogel for biofabrication of a 3D-printed construct designed to model acute recurrent tonsillitis. Initiating a study with clinically relevant ex vivo tonsil bacteria will be an important next step in improving treatment of this impactful but understudied disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Denton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology/ENT Surgery, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yifei Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Laura Beattie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Téa Jack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Preston McGoldrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Holly McAllister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Cara Mullan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Catriona M Douglas
- Department of Otolaryngology/ENT Surgery, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
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Morrison N, Vogel BM. Factors That Influence Base-Catalyzed Thiol-Ene Hydrogel Synthesis. Gels 2023; 9:917. [PMID: 37999007 PMCID: PMC10671550 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable, localized drug delivery using hydrogels made from ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri-3-mercaptopropionate (ETTMP) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) has shown great potential due to these hydrogels' ability to exhibit non-swelling behavior and tunable drug release properties. However, current synthesis methods in the literature suffer from poor ETTMP solubility in water, slow gelation times exceeding 20 min, and a lack of reproducibility. To address these limitations, we have developed a reliable synthesis procedure and conducted a sensitivity analysis of key variables. This has enabled us to synthesize ETTMP-PEGDA hydrogels in a polymer concentration range of 15 to 90 wt% with gelation times of less than 2 min and moduli ranging from 3.5 to 190 kPa. We overcame two synthesis limitations by identifying the impact of residual mercaptopropionic acid and alumina purification column height on gelation time and by premixing ETTMP and PEGDA to overcome low ETTMP solubility in water. Our ETTMP-PEGDA mixture can be stored at -20 °C for up to 2 months without crosslinking, allowing easy storage and shipment. These and previous results demonstrate the potential of ETTMP-PEGDA hydrogels as promising candidates for injectable, localized drug delivery with tunable drug release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon M. Vogel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA;
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Takinami PYI, del Mastro NL, Ashfaq A, Al-Sheikhly M. Ionizing Radiation Synthesis of Hydrogel Nanoparticles of Gelatin and Polyethylene Glycol at High Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4128. [PMID: 37896372 PMCID: PMC10610368 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanohydrogel particles of polyethylene glycol (PEG), gelatin (GEL), and PEG-GEL mixtures (MIXs) were synthesized with a high electron beam and 60Co gamma-ray radiation. The relatively novel technique of Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF4 or AFFFF) coupled to a Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS) detector was mainly used to determine the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the radiation-synthesized PEG, GEL, and PEG-GEL nanohydrogel particles. Our approach to achieving nanohydrogel particles is to enhance the intracrosslinking reactions and decrease the intercrosslinking reactions of the C-centered radicals of the PEG and GEL. The intracrosslinking reactions of these free radicals were enhanced via irradiation at temperatures of 77-80 °C and using a high dose rate and pulsed irradiation. The shorter average distance between the C-centered free radicals on the backbone of the thermally collapsed PEG and GEL chain, due to the destruction of hydrogen bonds, enhances the intracrosslinking reactions. It was observed that increasing the dose and dose rate decreased the Dh. DLS results lined up with AF4 measurements. This study provides researchers with a clean method to produce GEL-PEG hydrogels without the use of toxic reagents. Particle size can be tuned with dose, dose rate, and temperature as demonstrated in this work. This is ideal for medical applications as the use of ionizing radiation eliminates toxicity concerns and provides simultaneous sterilization of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Y. I. Takinami
- Center of Radiation Technology, Institute of Energy and Radiation Research-IPEN/CNEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo 05508-910, Brazil; (P.Y.I.T.); (N.L.d.M.)
| | - Nelida L. del Mastro
- Center of Radiation Technology, Institute of Energy and Radiation Research-IPEN/CNEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo 05508-910, Brazil; (P.Y.I.T.); (N.L.d.M.)
| | - Aiysha Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Kim S, Lee W, Park H, Kim K. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive 6-Mercaptopurine-Releasing Injectable Hydrogel for Colon Cancer Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040319. [PMID: 37102931 PMCID: PMC10138092 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a significant health concern. The development of effective drug delivery systems is critical for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, we developed a drug delivery system for colon cancer treatment by embedding 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), an anticancer drug, in a thiolated gelatin/polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel (6MP-GPGel). The 6MP-GPGel continuously released 6-MP, the anticancer drug. The release rate of 6-MP was further accelerated in an acidic or glutathione environment that mimicked a tumor microenvironment. In addition, when pure 6-MP was used for treatment, cancer cells proliferated again from day 5, whereas a continuous supply of 6-MP from the 6MP-GPGel continuously suppressed the survival rate of cancer cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that embedding 6-MP in a hydrogel formulation can improve the efficacy of colon cancer treatment and may serve as a promising minimally invasive and localized drug delivery system for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjeong Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Park
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Republic of Korea
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