1
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Warne CM, Fadlallah S, Allais F, Guebitz GM, Pellis A. Controlled Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters Based on a Cellulose-Derived Triol Monomer: A Design of Experiment Approach. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301841. [PMID: 38545821 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective enzymatic polycondensation of the bio-based cellulose derived polyol, Triol-citro, and dimethyl adipate using Candida antarctica Lipase B (CaLB) was investigated. A Design of Experiment approach with MODDE® Pro 13 was used to determine important factors in the branching behavior of this polymer, and reactant ratio, temperature, reaction time and enzyme wt % were the studied factors. Multifunctional polyesters with pendant hydroxy groups were synthesized and fully characterized using 2D NMR techniques to determine degree of branching. Branching was minimal, with a maximum of 16 % observed, and monomer ratio, temperature and reaction time were all determined to be significant factors. In this work, Mn of up to 13 kDa were achieved, while maintaining degree of branching below 15 %, resulting in a linear polyester with the potential to be further functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicely M Warne
- ACIB GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- ACIB GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- University of Genova, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, GE, Italy
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2
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Jevric M, Klepp J, Puschnig J, Lamb O, Sumby CJ, Greatrex BW. Skeletal rearrangement of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols promoted by thionyl chloride or Appel conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:823-829. [PMID: 38655557 PMCID: PMC11035982 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A skeletal rearrangement of a series of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols has been developed using SOCl2 in the presence of pyridine. An oxygen migration from C5 to C4 was observed when the C4 alcohols were treated with SOCl2/pyridine, giving a 2-chloro-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring-system via the chlorosulfite intermediate. Analogous allylic alcohols with endocyclic and exocyclic unsaturations underwent chlorination without rearrangement due to formation of allylic cations. The rearrangement was also demonstrated using Appel conditions, which gave similar results via the alkoxytriphenylphosphonium intermediate. Several reactions of the products were investigated to show the utility of the rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn Jevric
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Julian Klepp
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Johannes Puschnig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Oscar Lamb
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Ben W Greatrex
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
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3
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Pollard B, Gardiner MG, Banwell MG, Connal LA. Polymers from Cellulosic Waste: Direct Polymerization of Levoglucosenone using DBU as a Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301165. [PMID: 38050766 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The bio-based platform molecule levoglucosenone (LGO) is now produced at multi-ton scale by the pyrolysis of cellulosic waste. As such it has become an industrially viable, non-petroleum-derived chemical feedstock. Herein we report the direct (one-step) and operationally simple polymerization of LGO that provides a highly sustainable method for polymer synthesis. Specifically, the ability of LGO to act as an electrophile has been harnessed so as to deliver high molecular weight polymers (Mn=236,000 g/mol, Đ=2.4) possessing excellent thermal stabilities (TD5 %=249 °C). Furthermore, there is a significant capacity for the effective chemical manipulation of these polymers as exemplified by treatment of them under Baeyer-Villiger conditions and so creating a simple and green route to hydrophilic materials. These one- and two-step transformations provide the most direct route to new, LGO-derived polymer scaffolds yet reported. E-factors of ca. 0.012 and atom economies of up to 99 % have been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Pollard
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Luke A Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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4
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Mizukami Y, Kakehi Y, Li F, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Chemically Recyclable Unnatural (1→6)-Polysaccharides from Cellulose-Derived Levoglucosenone and Dihydrolevoglucosenone. ACS Macro Lett 2024:252-259. [PMID: 38334272 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural polysaccharide analogs and their biological activities and material properties have attracted considerable research interest. However, these efforts often encounter challenges, especially those related to synthetic complexity and scalability. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of unnatural (1→6)-polysaccharides using levoglucosenone (LGO) and dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene), which are derived from cellulose. Using a versatile monomer synthesis from LGO and Cyrene and cationic ring-opening polymerization, (1→6)-polysaccharides with various tailored substituent patterns are obtained. Additionally, environmentally benign and easy-to-handle organic Brønsted acid catalysts are investigated. This study demonstrates well-controlled first-order polymerization kinetics for the reactive (1S,5R)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3,2,1]octane (DBO) monomer. The synthesized (1→6)-polysaccharides exhibit high thermal stability and form amorphous solids under ambient conditions, which could be processed into highly transparent self-standing films. Additionally, these polymers exhibit excellent closed-loop chemical recyclability. This study provides an important approach to explore the chemical spaces of unnatural polysaccharides and contributes to the development of sustainable polymer materials from abundant biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Mizukami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuto Kakehi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
- List Sustainable Digital Transformation Catalyst Collaboration Research Platform (List-PF), Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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5
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Yang F, Jia L, Zhou HC, Huang JN, Hou MY, Liu FT, Prabhu N, Li ZJ, Yang CB, Zou C, Nordlund P, Wang JG, Dai LY. Deep learning enables the discovery of a novel cuproptosis-inducing molecule for the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:391-404. [PMID: 37803139 PMCID: PMC10789809 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. The therapeutic outlook for HCC patients has significantly improved with the advent and development of systematic and targeted therapies such as sorafenib and lenvatinib; however, the rise of drug resistance and the high mortality rate necessitate the continuous discovery of effective targeting agents. To discover novel anti-HCC compounds, we first constructed a deep learning-based chemical representation model to screen more than 6 million compounds in the ZINC15 drug-like library. We successfully identified LGOd1 as a novel anticancer agent with a characteristic levoglucosenone (LGO) scaffold. The mechanistic studies revealed that LGOd1 treatment leads to HCC cell death by interfering with cellular copper homeostasis, which is similar to a recently reported copper-dependent cell death named cuproptosis. While the prototypical cuproptosis is brought on by copper ionophore-induced copper overload, mechanistic studies indicated that LGOd1 does not act as a copper ionophore, but most likely by interacting with the copper chaperone protein CCS, thus LGOd1 represents a potentially new class of compounds with unique cuproptosis-inducing property. In summary, our findings highlight the critical role of bioavailable copper in the regulation of cell death and represent a novel route of cuproptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lin Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Hong-Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jing-Nan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Meng-Yun Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Feng-Ting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Nayana Prabhu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chuan-Bin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Pär Nordlund
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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6
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Podversnik H, Camp JE, Greatrex BW. Practical and scalable enantioselective synthesis of (+)-majoranolide from Cyrene. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:950-953. [PMID: 38205508 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01919e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A two-step enantioselective gram scale synthesis of the Persea derived γ-lactones (+)-majoranolide and (+)-majoranolide B has been achieved. The sequence uses the amine promoted crossed condensation of the biorenewable synthon Cyrene with aliphatic aldehydes followed by a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Comparison of optical rotation data with the natural products established the absolute configuration of the natural product series, and this work represents the first synthesis of these alkylidene natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Podversnik
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Jason E Camp
- Circa Sustainable Chemicals Limited, York, YO19 5SN, UK
| | - Ben W Greatrex
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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7
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Puschnig J, Jevric M, Sumby CJ, Greatrex BW. Intermolecular Enamine Mizoroki-Heck Reactions on a Bio-Derived Scaffold. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38190610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The intramolecular enamine-Mizoroki-Heck reaction allows for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, although the related intermolecular version is less known. The reactions of enamines derived from Cyrene were investigated under Mizoroki-Heck conditions. An optimization study was used to identify that 1.5 mol % Pd(dba)2 with PCy3 in xylene at reflux temperature gave the highest yield with electron-rich aryl iodides. Arylation occurred predominantly at the C-N center of the enamine, while the diastereoselectivity was dependent on the nitrogen substitution in the enamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Puschnig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Ben W Greatrex
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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8
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Mlostoń G, Urbaniak K, Palusiak M, Witczak ZJ, Würthwein EU. (3+2)-Cycloadditions of Levoglucosenone (LGO) with Fluorinated Nitrile Imines Derived from Trifluoroacetonitrile: An Experimental and Computational Study. Molecules 2023; 28:7348. [PMID: 37959767 PMCID: PMC10647924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The in situ-generated N-aryl nitrile imines derived from trifluoroacetonitrile smoothly undergo (3+2)-cycloadditions onto the enone fragment of the levoglucosenone molecule, yielding the corresponding, five-membered cycloadducts. In contrast to the 'classic' C(Ph),N(Ph) nitrile imine, reactions with fluorinated C(CF3),N(Ar) analogues lead to stable pyrazolines in a chemo- and stereoselective manner. Based on the result of X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, their structures were established as exo-cycloadducts with the location of the N-Ar terminus of the 1,3-dipole at the α-position of the enone moiety. The DFT computation demonstrated that the observed reaction pathway results from the strong dominance of kinetic control over thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, PL-91-403 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Urbaniak
- Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, PL-91-403 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Palusiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, PL-90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew J. Witczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA;
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Gómez Fernández MA, Hoffmann N. Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds-Application to Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:4746. [PMID: 37375301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass and biomass-derived compounds have become an important alternative feedstock for chemical industry. They may replace fossil feedstocks such as mineral oil and related platform chemicals. These compounds may also be transformed conveniently into new innovative products for the medicinal or the agrochemical domain. The production of cosmetics or surfactants as well as materials for different applications are examples for other domains where new platform chemicals obtained from biomass can be used. Photochemical and especially photocatalytic reactions have recently been recognized as being important tools of organic chemistry as they make compounds or compound families available that cannot be or are difficultly synthesized with conventional methods of organic synthesis. The present review gives a short overview with selected examples on photocatalytic reactions of biopolymers, carbohydrates, fatty acids and some biomass-derived platform chemicals such as furans or levoglucosenone. In this article, the focus is on application to organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Andrés Gómez Fernández
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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10
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Mlostoń G, Celeda M, Palusiak M. Higher-order [8+2]-cycloadditions of tropothione with levoglucosenone (LGO) and structurally similar exo-cyclic enones derived from cyrene. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108844. [PMID: 37210942 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosenone (LGO) and structurally similar exo-cyclic enones derived from cyrene (dihydrolevoglucosenone) react with tropothione following the higher-order [8 + 2]-cycloaddition pathway. Reactions were performed at room temperature in CH2Cl2 solutions in absence of any activating reagent. Whereas reaction of tropothione with LGO occurred with complete stereoselectivity, leading to a single, sterically favored exo cycloadduct, identified as polycylic thiophene derivative, reactions performed with exo-cyclic enones yielded in some instances mixtures of two isomeric exo and endo cycloadducts, derived from spiro-tetrahydrothiophene as major and minor components, respectively, of the studied reaction mixtures. Exo and endo [8 + 2] cycloadducts differ in absolute configuration at the newly created chiral centers. Structures of exo and endo cycloadducts were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, PL-91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Celeda
- Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, PL-91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Palusiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, PL-90-236, Lodz, Poland
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11
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Manzano VE, Dada L, Uhrig ML, Varela O. Synthesis of sugar enones and their use as powerful synthetic precursors of thiodisaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108833. [PMID: 37216699 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharide derivatives having a double bond conjugated to a carbonyl (sugar enones or enuloses) are relevant synthetic tools. They are also suitable starting materials, or versatile intermediates, for the synthesis of a wide variety of natural or synthetic compounds with a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. The preparation of enones is mainly focused on the search for more efficient and diastereoselective synthetic methodologies. The usefulness of enuloses relies on the diverse reaction possibilities offered by alkene and carbonyl double bonds, which are prone to undergo varied reactions such as halogenation, nitration, epoxidation, reduction, addition, etc. The addition of thiol groups that led to sulfur glycomimetics, such as thiooligosaccharides, is particularly relevant. Therefore, the synthesis of enuloses and the Michael addition of sulfur nucleophiles to give thiosugars or thiodisaccharides are discussed here. Chemical modifications of the conjugate addition products to afford biologically active compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica E Manzano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Dada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Varela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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