1
|
Safarirad M, Shahdadi M, Berizi E, Mazloomi SM, Hosseinzadeh S, Montaseri M, Derakhshan Z. A systematic review and modeling of the effect of bacteriophages on E. coli O157:H7 reduction in vegetables. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22961. [PMID: 38058426 PMCID: PMC10696239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention and control of food pathogens are important for public health and E. coli O157:H7 infections are known as one of the most important food-borne bacterial diseases transmitted to humans. Vegetables can be a major source of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria. Bacteriophages have been considered in recent years as a natural method for controlling pathogens with minimal damage to the quality of vegetables. The performance of these natural antimicrobial agents is affected by various factors including time, temperature, phage and bacterial dose, method of phage application and origin of phages. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the works that have examined the effect of different factors to reduce E. coli O157:H7 bacteria by its specific phages and model their effect. In our study, 10 articles were chosen after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned in the methodology. The multivariate regression results showed that time, temperature, and method of phage application revealed a positive influence on the phage function, and with each unit of increase, the E. coli O157:H7 reduction increases by 0.4 %, 3 % and 0.94 % respectively, and 6 % for phage dose, but not statistically significant (P = 0.44). In addition, commercial-type phages were more effective than wild-type phages and this result was statistically significant (Beta = 0.99; P = 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the various factors, such as temperature, time, method of phage application and type of vegetables can play an important role to reduce E. coli O157:H7 in vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safarirad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahdadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Montaseri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
L A LA, Waturangi DE. Application of BI-EHEC and BI-EPEC bacteriophages to control enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli on various food surfaces. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 37312167 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to determine the Efficiency of Plating (EOP) value of Bacteriophage BI-EHEC and BI-EPEC and to evaluate the application of these bacteriophages in reducing population of EHEC and EPEC on various food samples. RESULTS In this study, we used bacteriophage BI-EHEC and BI-EPEC, which were isolated from previous study. Both phages were tested with other multiple pathotypes of intestinal pathogenic E. coli to determine the efficiency of plating. BI-EHEC had high efficiency toward ETEC with an EOP value of 2.95 but low efficiency toward EHEC with an EOP value of 0.10, while BI-EPEC had high efficiency toward EHEC and ETEC with EOP values of 1.10 and 1.21, respectively. As biocontrol agents, both bacteriophages able to reduce CFU of EHEC and EPEC in several food samples using 1 and 6-days incubation times at 4 [Formula: see text]. BI-EHEC reduced the number of EHEC with an overall percentage of bacterial reduction value above 0.13 log10, while BI-EPEC reduced number of EPEC with reduction value above 0.33 log10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leny Agustina L A
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51 Jakarta, 12930, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51 Jakarta, 12930, South Jakarta, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sterilizing effect of phage cocktail against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
4
|
An in vitro fermentation model to study the impact of bacteriophages targeting Shiga toxin-encoding Escherichia coli on the colonic microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:74. [PMID: 36163472 PMCID: PMC9512901 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages are considered safe for human consumption as biocontrol agents against foodborne pathogens, in particular in ready-to-eat foodstuffs. Phages could, however, evolve to infect different hosts when passing through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This underlines the importance of understanding the impact of phages towards colonic microbiota, particularly towards bacterial families usually found in the colon such as the Enterobacteriaceae. Here we propose in vitro batch fermentation as model for initial safety screening of lytic phages targeting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). As inoculum we used faecal material of three healthy donors. To assess phage safety, we monitored fermentation parameters, including short chain fatty acid production and gas production/intake by colonic microbiota. We performed shotgun metagenomic analysis to evaluate the outcome of phage interference with colonic microbiota composition and functional potential. During the 24 h incubation, concentrations of phage and its host were also evaluated. We found the phage used in this study, named E. coli phage vB_EcoS_Ace (Ace), to be safe towards human colonic microbiota, independently of the donors’ faecal content used. This suggests that individuality of donor faecal microbiota did not interfere with phage effect on the fermentations. However, the model revealed that the attenuated STEC strain used as phage host perturbed the faecal microbiota as based on metagenomic analysis, with potential differences in metabolic output. We conclude that the in vitro batch fermentation model used in this study is a reliable safety screening for lytic phages intended to be used as biocontrol agents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Han J, Dong P, Holman BWB, Yang H, Chen X, Zhu L, Luo X, Mao Y, Zhang Y. Processing interventions for enhanced microbiological safety of beef carcasses and beef products: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2105-2129. [PMID: 36148812 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chilled beef is inevitably contaminated with microorganisms, starting from the very beginning of the slaughter line. A lot of studies have aimed to improve meat safety and extend the shelf life of chilled beef, of which some have focused on improving the decontamination effects using traditional decontamination interventions, and others have investigated newer technologies and methods, that offer greater energy efficiency, lower environmental impacts, and better assurances for the decontamination of beef carcasses and cuts. To inform industry, there is an urgent need to review these interventions, analyze the merits and demerits of each technology, and provide insight into 'best practice' to preserve microbial safety and beef quality. In this review, the strategies and procedures used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on beef, from slaughter to storage, have been critiqued. Critical aspects, where there is a lack of data, have been highlighted to help guide future research. It is also acknowledge that different intervention programs for microbiological safety have different applications, dependent on the initial microbial load, the type of infrastructures, and different stages of beef processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Han
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Benjamin W B Holman
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huixuan Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuanyuan N, Xiaobo Y, Shang W, Yutong Y, Hongrui Z, Chenyu L, Bin X, Xi Z, Chen Z, Zhiqiang S, Jingfeng W, Yun L, Pingfeng Y, Zhigang Q. Isolation and characterization of two homolog phages infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946251. [PMID: 35935197 PMCID: PMC9348578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are capable of infecting specific bacteria, and therefore can be used as a biological control agent to control bacteria-induced animal, plant, and human diseases. In this study, two homolog phages (named PPAY and PPAT) that infect Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were isolated and characterized. The results of the phage plaque assay showed that PPAT plaques were transparent dots, while the PPAY plaques were translucent dots with a halo. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that PPAT (65 nm) and PPAY (60 nm) strains are similar in size and have an icosahedral head and a short tail. Therefore, these belong to the short-tailed phage family Podoviridae. One-step growth curves revealed the latent period of 20 min and burst time of 30 min for PPAT and PPAY. The burst size of PPAT (953 PFUs/infected cell) was higher than that of PPAY (457 PFUs/infected cell). Also, the adsorption rate constant of PPAT (5.97 × 10−7 ml/min) was higher than that of PPAY (1.32 × 10−7 ml/min) at 5 min. Whole-genome sequencing of phages was carried out using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The genomes of PPAT and PPAY have 54,888 and 50,154 bp, respectively. Only 17 of the 352 predicted ORFs of PPAT could be matched to homologous genes of known function. Likewise, among the 351 predicted ORFs of PPAY, only 18 ORFs could be matched to genes of established functions. Homology and evolutionary analysis indicated that PPAT and PPAY are closely related to PA11. The presence of tail fiber proteins in PPAY but not in PPAT may have contributed to the halo effect of its plaque spots. In all, PPAT and PPAY, newly discovered P. aeruginosa phages, showed growth inhibitory effects on bacteria and can be used for research and clinical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niu Yuanyuan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xiaobo
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yutong
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhou Hongrui
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Chenyu
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bin
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Zhiqiang
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Jingfeng
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Yun
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Yun,
| | - Yu Pingfeng
- College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiu Zhigang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, TianJin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Qiu Zhigang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Application of bacteriophages EP75 and EP335 efficiently reduces viable cell counts of Escherichia coli O157 on beef and vegetables. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:103978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Lu B, Yao X, Han G, Luo Z, Zhang J, Yong K, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Cao S. Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae Phage vB_KpnS_MK54 and Pathological Assessment of Endolysin in the Treatment of Pneumonia Mice Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854908. [PMID: 35387089 PMCID: PMC8978833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improper use of antibiotics, an increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria have been reported worldwide, posing challenges for disease treatment. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important zoonotic pathogen that colonises the respiratory tract. Endolysin therapy has emerged with the development of phages. In this study, a lytic phage vB_KpnS_MK54 was isolated from the drinking water of a forest musk deer (FMD) farm in Sichuan Province. It was the first reported phage obtained from FMD. The primary biological characteristics were determined, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed. The phage which belongs to the family Siphoviridae is highly specific for lytic host bacteria and is moderately adaptable to different environments. Whole-genome sequencing results showed that the phage genome size was 46,218 bp. There were 80 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) in total, 32 of which had known functions. The last CDS is the phage endolysin LysG24. A new peptide-modified endolysin (LysCA) was constituted by connecting the cecropin A peptide residues with LysG24 to investigate the antibacterial activities of both LysG24 and LysCA. The results showed that the lytic profile of LysG24 and LysCA was wider than that of phage MK54. For in vitro tests, both endolysins destroyed 99% of the host bacteria within 6 h. The lysing ability and environmental adaptability of LysCA were significantly stronger than those of LysG24. For in vivo tests, LysG24 and LysCA exhibited therapeutic effects in a mouse model of pneumonia wherewith the mice were infected with K. pneumoniae (LPKP), wherein both LysG24 and LysCA can effectively reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response. The LPKP bacterial load in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the bacterial group, among which LysCA displayed a more obvious therapeutic effect. Furthermore, the safety test showed that the endolysins had no toxic effects on mice. In general, both LysG24 and LysCA showed excellent antibacterial activity in vivo and in vitro, with high safety and strong adaptability to the environment, manifesting their latent potential as new antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zidan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieru Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Yong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Biocontrol Approaches against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050756. [PMID: 35267389 PMCID: PMC8909014 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a well-known water- and food-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause gastroenteritis in humans. It threatens the health of millions of people each year; several outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 infections have been linked to the consumption of contaminated plant foods (e.g., lettuce, spinach, tomato, and fresh fruits) and beef-based products. To control E. coli O157:H7 in foods, several physical (e.g., irradiation, pasteurization, pulsed electric field, and high-pressure processing) and chemical (e.g., using peroxyacetic acid; chlorine dioxide; sodium hypochlorite; and organic acids, such as acetic, lactic, and citric) methods have been widely used. Although the methods are quite effective, they are not applicable to all foods and carry intrinsic disadvantages (alteration of sensory properties, toxicity, etc.). Therefore, the development of safe and effective alternative methods has gained increased attention recently. Biocontrol agents, including bacteriophages, probiotics, antagonistic bacteria, plant-derived natural compounds, bacteriocins, endolysins, and enzymes, are rapidly emerging as effective, selective, relatively safe for human consumption, and environmentally friendly alternatives. This paper summarizes advances in the application of biocontrol agents for E. coli O157:H7 control in foods.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dewanggana MN, Evangeline C, Ketty MD, Waturangi DE, Yogiara, Magdalena S. Isolation, characterization, molecular analysis and application of bacteriophage DW-EC to control Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on various foods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:495. [PMID: 35017610 PMCID: PMC8752677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among food preservation methods, bacteriophage treatment can be a viable alternative method to overcome the drawbacks of traditional approaches. Bacteriophages are naturally occurring viruses that are highly specific to their hosts and have the capability to lyse bacterial cells, making them useful as biopreservation agents. This study aims to characterize and determine the application of bacteriophage isolated from Indonesian traditional Ready-to-Eat (RTE) food to control Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) population in various foods. Phage DW-EC isolated from Indonesian traditional RTE food called dawet with ETEC as its host showed a positive result by the formation of plaques (clear zone) in the bacterial host lawn. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results also showed that DW-EC can be suspected to belong to the Myoviridae family. Molecular characterization and bioinformatic analysis showed that DW-EC exhibited characteristics as promising biocontrol agents in food samples. Genes related to the lytic cycle, such as lysozyme and tail fiber assembly protein, were annotated. There were also no signs of lysogenic genes among the annotation results. The resulting PHACTS data also indicated that DW-EC was leaning toward being exclusively lytic. DW-EC significantly reduced the ETEC population (P ≤ 0.05) in various food samples after two different incubation times (1 day and 6 days) in chicken meat (80.93%; 87.29%), fish meat (63.78%; 87.89%), cucumber (61.42%; 71.88%), tomato (56.24%; 74.51%), and lettuce (46.88%; 43.38%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nisita Dewanggana
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Clare Evangeline
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maurita Delia Ketty
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Yogiara
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Stella Magdalena
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Au A, Lee H, Ye T, Dave U, Rahman A. Bacteriophages: Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-Borne Bacteria Prevalent in Agriculture. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010046. [PMID: 35056495 PMCID: PMC8778564 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Through recent decades, the subtherapeutic use of antibiotics within agriculture has led to the widespread development of antimicrobial resistance. This problem not only impacts the productivity and sustainability of current agriculture but also has the potential to transfer antimicrobial resistance to human pathogens via the food supply chain. An increasingly popular alternative to antibiotics is bacteriophages to control bacterial diseases. Their unique bactericidal properties make them an ideal alternative to antibiotics, as many countries begin to restrict the usage of antibiotics in agriculture. This review analyses recent evidence from within the past decade on the efficacy of phage therapy on common foodborne pathogens, namely, Escherica coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter jejuni. This paper highlights the benefits and challenges of phage therapy and reveals the potential for phages to control bacterial populations both in food processing and livestock and the possibility for phages to replace subtherapeutic usage of antibiotics in the agriculture sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Au
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Helen Lee
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Terry Ye
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Uday Dave
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rogovski P, Cadamuro RD, da Silva R, de Souza EB, Bonatto C, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Elmahdy EM, Treichel H, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Uses of Bacteriophages as Bacterial Control Tools and Environmental Safety Indicators. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:793135. [PMID: 34917066 PMCID: PMC8670004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.793135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are bacterial-specific viruses and the most abundant biological form on Earth. Each bacterial species possesses one or multiple bacteriophages and the specificity of infection makes them a promising alternative for bacterial control and environmental safety, as a biotechnological tool against pathogenic bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics. This application can be either directly into foods and food-related environments as biocontrol agents of biofilm formation. In addition, bacteriophages are used for microbial source-tracking and as fecal indicators. The present review will focus on the uses of bacteriophages like bacterial control tools, environmental safety indicators as well as on their contribution to bacterial control in human, animal, and environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rogovski
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Raphael da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Brasiliense de Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Charline Bonatto
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Erechim, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elmahdy M. Elmahdy
- Laboratory of Environmental Virology, Environmental Research Division, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Erechim, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramos-Vivas J, Elexpuru-Zabaleta M, Samano ML, Barrera AP, Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Battino M. Phages and Enzybiotics in Food Biopreservation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175138. [PMID: 34500572 PMCID: PMC8433972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, biopreservation through protective bacterial cultures and their antimicrobial products or using antibacterial compounds derived from plants are proposed as feasible strategies to maintain the long shelf-life of products. Another emerging category of food biopreservatives are bacteriophages or their antibacterial enzymes called "phage lysins" or "enzybiotics", which can be used directly as antibacterial agents due to their ability to act on the membranes of bacteria and destroy them. Bacteriophages are an alternative to antimicrobials in the fight against bacteria, mainly because they have a practically unique host range that gives them great specificity. In addition to their potential ability to specifically control strains of pathogenic bacteria, their use does not generate a negative environmental impact as in the case of antibiotics. Both phages and their enzymes can favor a reduction in antibiotic use, which is desirable given the alarming increase in resistance to antibiotics used not only in human medicine but also in veterinary medicine, agriculture, and in general all processes of manufacturing, preservation, and distribution of food. We present here an overview of the scientific background of phages and enzybiotics in the food industry, as well as food applications of these biopreservatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (M.E.-Z.); (M.L.S.)
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - María Elexpuru-Zabaleta
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (M.E.-Z.); (M.L.S.)
| | - María Luisa Samano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (M.E.-Z.); (M.L.S.)
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Alina Pascual Barrera
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.); Tel.: +339-071-220-4136 (F.G.); +339-071-220-4646 (M.B.)
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.); Tel.: +339-071-220-4136 (F.G.); +339-071-220-4646 (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Lytic Bacteriophage from Environment Sewage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:7383121. [PMID: 34423027 PMCID: PMC8376447 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7383121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne disease. The use of lytic bacteriophages can be a good solution to overcome the disease. This study is aimed at isolating lytic bacteriophages from environmental sewage with E. coli O157:H7 bacterial cells. The sample used in this study was eight bacteriophages, and the technique used in identifying E. coli O157:H7 carriers of the stx1 and stx2 genes was PCR. The double layer plaque technique was used to classify bacteriophages. Plaque morphology, host specificity, and electron micrograph were used to identify the bacteriophages. The result obtained plaque morphology as a clear zone with the largest diameter size of 3.5 mm. Lytic bacteriophage could infect E. coli O157:H7 at the highest titer of 10 × 108 PFU/mL. Bacteriophages have been identified as Siphoviridae and Myoviridae. Phage 3, phage 4, and phage 8 could infect Atypical Diarrheagenic E. coli 1 (aDEC1) due to their host specificity. The Friedman statistical tests indicate that lytic bacteriophage can significantly lyse E. coli O157:H7 (p = 0.012). The lysis of E. coli O157:H7 by phage 1, phage 2, phage 3, and phage 5 bacteriophages was statistically significant, according to Conover's posthoc test (p < 0.05). The conclusion obtained from this study is that lytic bacteriophages from environmental sewage could lyse E. coli O157:H7. Therefore, it could be an alternative biocontrol agent against E. coli O157:H7 that contaminates food causing foodborne disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pinto G, Minnich SA, Hovde CJ, Oliveira H, Smidt H, Almeida C, Azeredo J. The interactions of bacteriophage Ace and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli during biocontrol. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab105. [PMID: 34329454 PMCID: PMC8492476 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Strictly lytic phages are considered powerful tools for biocontrol of foodborne pathogens. Safety issues needed to be addressed for the biocontrol of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) include: lysogenic conversion, Shiga toxin production through phage induction, and emergence/proliferation of bacteriophage insensitive mutants (BIMs). To address these issues, two new lytic phages, vB_EcoS_Ace (Ace) and vB_EcoM_Shy (Shy), were isolated and characterized for life cycle, genome sequence and annotation, pH stability and efficacy at controlling STEC growth. Ace was efficient in controlling host planktonic cells and did not stimulate the production of the Stx prophage or Shiga toxin. A single dose of phage did not lead to the selection of BIMs. However, when reintroduced, BIMs were detected after 24 h of incubation. The gain of resistance was associated with lower virulence, as a subset of BIMs failed to agglutinate with O157-specific antibody and were more sensitive to human serum complement. BIM's biofilm formation capacity and susceptibility to disinfectants was equal to that of the wild-type strain. Overall, this work demonstrated that phage Ace is a safe biocontrol agent against STEC contamination and that the burden of BIM emergence did not represent a greater risk in environmental persistence and human pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graça Pinto
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Scott A Minnich
- Animal Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3025 USA
| | - Carolyn J Hovde
- Animal Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3025 USA
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Park DW, Park JH. Characterization and Food Application of the Novel Lytic Phage BECP10: Specifically Recognizes the O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Viruses 2021; 13:1469. [PMID: 34452334 PMCID: PMC8402813 DOI: 10.3390/v13081469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a global concern that causes serious diseases, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and bloody diarrhea. To control E. coli O157:H7 in food, a novel siphophage, BECP10, that targets the O157 serotype was isolated and characterized. Unlike other E. coli phages, BECP10 can only infect E. coli O157 strains, and thus, did not infect other strains. The 48 kbp genome of BECP10 contained 76 open reading frames (ORFs), including 33 putative functional ORFs. The phage did not contain lysogeny-related modules or toxin-associated genes, suggesting that the phage might be strictly lytic. The tail spike protein (TSP) sequence had very low homology with the reported T1-like phages, indicating that TSP might be related to this unique host spectrum. The specific O-antigen residue of E. coli O157:H7 may be a key factor for phage infection by adsorption and receptor identification. The phage exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 over a broad pH range and showed little development of phage-insensitive mutants. The phage sustained viability on the burger patties and reduced E. coli O157:H7 to a non-detectable level without the emergence of resistant cells at low temperatures for five days. Therefore, phage BECP10 might be a good biocontrol agent for E. coli O157:H7-contaminated food matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
D’Angelantonio D, Scattolini S, Boni A, Neri D, Di Serafino G, Connerton P, Connerton I, Pomilio F, Di Giannatale E, Migliorati G, Aprea G. Bacteriophage Therapy to Reduce Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens before Slaughter. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081428. [PMID: 34452294 PMCID: PMC8402772 DOI: 10.3390/v13081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in humans. Campybacter jejuni is the main cause of the infection, and bacterial colonization in broiler chickens is widespread and difficult to prevent, leading to high risk of occurrence in broiler meat. Phage therapy represents an alternative strategy to control Campylobacter in poultry. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of two field-isolated bacteriophages against experimental infections with an anti-microbial resistant (AMR) Campylobacter jejuni strain. A two-step phage application was tested according to a specific combination between chickens’ rearing time and specific multiplicities of infections (MOIs), in order to reduce the Campylobacter load in the animals at slaughtering and to limit the development of phage-resistant mutants. In particular, 75 broilers were divided into three groups (A, B and C), and phages were administered to animals of groups B and C at day 38 (Φ 16-izsam) and 39 (Φ 7-izsam) at MOI 0.1 (group B) and 1 (group C). All broilers were euthanized at day 40, and Campylobacter jejuni was enumerated in cecal contents. Reductions in Campylobacter counts were statistically significant in both group B (1 log10 colony forming units (cfu)/gram (gr)) and group C (2 log10 cfu/gr), compared to the control group. Our findings provide evidence about the ability of phage therapy to reduce the Campylobacter load in poultry before slaughtering, also associated with anti-microbial resistance pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Angelantonio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Scattolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Arianna Boni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Diana Neri
- Local Health Unit of Ferrara (USL Ferrara), 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Philippa Connerton
- Division of Food Science, School of Bioscience, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Ian Connerton
- Division of Food Science, School of Bioscience, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giacomo Migliorati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-33-2-469
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Scattolini S, D’Angelantonio D, Boni A, Mangone I, Marcacci M, Battistelli N, D’Agostino K, Pomilio F, Camma C, Migliorati G, Aprea G. Characterization and In Vitro Efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes of a Newly Isolated Bacteriophage, ɸIZSAM-1. Microorganisms 2021; 9:731. [PMID: 33807487 PMCID: PMC8065603 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen responsible of listeriosis, a disease that in humans is often related to the contamination of ready-to-eat foods. Phages are candidate biodecontaminants of pathogenic bacteria thanks to their ability to lyse prokaryotes while being safe for eukaryotic cells. In this study, ɸIZSAM-1 was isolated from the drain-waters of an Italian blue cheese plant and showed lytic activity against antimicrobial resistant Listeria monocytogenes strains. This phage was subjected to purification and in vitro efficacy tests. The results showed that at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) ≤ 1, phages were able to keep Listeria monocytogenes at low optical density values up to 8 h, with bacterial counts ranging from 1.02 to 3.96 log10 units lower than the control. Besides, ɸIZSAM-1 was further characterized, showing 25 principal proteins (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile) and a genome of approximately 50 kilo base pairs. Moreover, this study describes a new approach to phage isolation for applications in Listeriamonocytogenes biocontrol in food production. In particular, the authors believe that the selection of phages from the same environments where pathogens live could represent a new approach to successfully integrating the control measures in an innovative, cost effective, safe and environmentally friendly way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scattolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Daniela D’Angelantonio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Arianna Boni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Iolanda Mangone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Noemi Battistelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Krizia D’Agostino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Cesare Camma
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giacomo Migliorati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.); (I.M.); (M.M.); (K.D.); (F.P.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Niu YD, Liu H, Du H, Meng R, Sayed Mahmoud E, Wang G, McAllister TA, Stanford K. Efficacy of Individual Bacteriophages Does Not Predict Efficacy of Bacteriophage Cocktails for Control of Escherichia coli O157. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:616712. [PMID: 33717006 PMCID: PMC7943454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.616712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Effectiveness of bacteriophages AKFV33 (Tequintavirus, T5) and AHP24 (Rogunavirus, T1), wV7 (Tequatrovirus, T4), and AHP24S (Vequintavirus, rV5), as well as 11 cocktails of combinations of the four phages, were evaluated in vitro for biocontrol of six common phage types of Escherichia coli O157 (human and bovine origins) at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs; 0.01–1,000), temperatures (37 or 22°C), and exposure times (10–22 h). Phage efficacy against O157 was highest at MOI 1,000 (P < 0.001) and after 14-18 h of exposure at 22°C (P < 0.001). The activity of individual phages against O157 did not predict the activity of a cocktail of these phages even at the same temperature and MOI. Combinations of phages were neutral (no better or worse than the most effective constituent phages acting alone), displayed facilitation (greater efficacy than the most effective constituent phages acting alone), or antagonistic (lower efficacy than the most effective constituent phages acting alone). Across MOIs, temperatures, exposure time, and O157 strains, a cocktail of T1, T4, and rV5 was most effective (P < 0.05) against O157, although T1 and rV5 were less effective (P < 0.001) than other individual phages. T5 was the most effective individual phages (P < 0.05), but was antagonistic to other phages, particularly rV5 and T4 + rV5. Interactions among phages were influenced by phage genera and phage combination, O157 strains, MOIs, incubation temperatures, and times. Based on this study, future development of phage cocktails should, as a minimum, include confirmation of a lack of antagonism among constituent phages and preferably confirmation of facilitation or synergistic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan D Niu
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hui Liu
- Hohhot Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Hohhot, China.,Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Hechao Du
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiqiang Meng
- Inner Mongolia C. P. Livestock Husbandry Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - El Sayed Mahmoud
- School of Applied Computing, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Sheridan College, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stone E, Lhomet A, Neve H, Grant IR, Campbell K, McAuliffe O. Isolation and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Phage vB_LmoH_P61, a Phage With Biocontrol Potential on Different Food Matrices. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.521645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
21
|
Pinto G, Almeida C, Azeredo J. Bacteriophages to control Shiga toxin-producing E. coli - safety and regulatory challenges. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1081-1097. [PMID: 32811194 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are usually found on food products due to contamination from the fecal origin, as their main environmental reservoir is considered to be the gut of ruminants. While this pathogen is far from the incidence of other well-known foodborne bacteria, the severity of STEC infections in humans has triggered global concerns as far as its incidence and control are concerned. Major control strategies for foodborne pathogens in food-related settings usually involve traditional sterilization/disinfection techniques. However, there is an increasing need for the development of further strategies to enhance the antimicrobial outcome, either on food-contact surfaces or directly in food matrices. Phages are considered to be a good alternative to control foodborne pathogens, with some phage-based products already cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in the food industry. In European countries, phage-based food decontaminants have already been used. Nevertheless, its broad use in the European Union is not yet possible due to the lack of specific guidelines for the approval of these products. Furthermore, some safety concerns remain to be addressed so that the regulatory requirements can be met. In this review, we present an overview of the main virulence factors of STEC and introduce phages as promising biocontrol agents for STEC control. We further present the regulatory constraints on the approval of phages for food applications and discuss safety concerns that are still impairing their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graça Pinto
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yıldirim Z, Sakin T, Akçelik M, Akçelik N. Identification and characterization of lytic bacteriophages specific to foodborne pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 27:56-72. [PMID: 32536218 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220929836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and characterize five different lytic bacteriophages specific to Escherichia coli O157:H7. vB_EcoM-P12, vB_EcoM-P13, vB_EcoM-P23, and vB_EcoM-P34 phages belonged to the Myoviridae family and vB_EcoS-P24 phage was in the Siphoviridae family. Their plaque sizes changed between 0.48 ± 0.03 and 0.90 ± 0.03 mm in diameter. stx1 and stx2 virulent gene regions were absent in the genome of five Eco-phages and their genome size was 33 kbp. The protein band profiles of the five phages were found to be different from each other. Their latent period, burst size, and burst time changed between 10-15 min, 72-144 PFU/cell and 20-35 min, respectively. Multiplicity of infection values and mutant frequency of the phages were among 0.1-0.001 and 1.14 × 10-7-3.69 × 10-8, respectively. The phages had strong lytic activity against their host bacteria (E. coli NCTC 12900, ATCC 43888, and ATCC 35150) at 5-37 ℃ and adsorbed to their host cells by 92.7-97.5% in the first five minutes of incubation. These phages are thought to be good candidates as therapeutic and biocontrol agents against E. coli O157:H7 in the veterinary science and food industry due to short latent period, high burst size, rapid development in host cells, high lytic activity, high adsorption rate, stability over a wide pH range and high temperature, and absence of stx1 and stx2 genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Yıldirim
- Department of Food Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Tuba Sakin
- Department of Food Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | | | - Nefise Akçelik
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sapountzis P, Segura A, Desvaux M, Forano E. An Overview of the Elusive Passenger in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle: The Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060877. [PMID: 32531983 PMCID: PMC7355788 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For approximately 10,000 years, cattle have been our major source of meat and dairy. However, cattle are also a major reservoir for dangerous foodborne pathogens that belong to the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) group. Even though STEC infections in humans are rare, they are often lethal, as treatment options are limited. In cattle, STEC infections are typically asymptomatic and STEC is able to survive and persist in the cattle GIT by escaping the immune defenses of the host. Interactions with members of the native gut microbiota can favor or inhibit its persistence in cattle, but research in this direction is still in its infancy. Diet, temperature and season but also industrialized animal husbandry practices have a profound effect on STEC prevalence and the native gut microbiota composition. Thus, exploring the native cattle gut microbiota in depth, its interactions with STEC and the factors that affect them could offer viable solutions against STEC carriage in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Sapountzis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.S.); (M.D.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Audrey Segura
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.S.); (M.D.); (E.F.)
- Chr. Hansen Animal Health & Nutrition, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.S.); (M.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Evelyne Forano
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.S.); (M.D.); (E.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kozak S, Alcaine SD. Phage-based forensic tool for spatial visualization of bacterial contaminants in cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5964-5971. [PMID: 32418686 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional procedures for microbial testing typically involve a homogenizing step. These methods give valuable information on the presence or enumeration of a bacterial contaminant, but not where the contaminant was in the original sample. Spatial information could be useful in troubleshooting sources of bacterial contamination in a processing plant. For example, if the contaminant was localized on the top of a food such as cheese, this might indicate dripping condensate along a specific processing line as its source. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the use of a genetically engineered phage to detect bacterial contaminants on cheese to be able to visualize the contaminants without the use of magnification. In this study, a T7 bacteriophage engineered to overexpress the luciferase NanoLuc (Promega, Madison, WI) was utilized to reveal the spatial location of Escherichia coli on lysogeny broth (LB) agar and queso fresco (QF). Four scenarios were tested to explore how phage may be applied, with a blue bioluminescent signal revealing the spatial location of contaminants: (1) phage applied topically via molten soft agar to E. coli-inoculated (a) LB agar or (b) QF; and (2) phage incorporated within (a) LB agar or (b) QF and then inoculated with E. coli. Each was tested in triplicate. Cultures of E. coli BL21 grown for 18 h were serially diluted in phosphate-buffered saline and inoculated onto 8 ± 0.5 g of LB agar or QF in 6-well plates. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 8 h for condition 1a, 24 h for 1b and 2b, and 22 h for 2a. For 1a and 1b, stock phage was added to molten soft agar, applied topically, and incubated for 2 additional hours to allow for E. coli infection. After incubation, the substrate NanoGlo (Promega) was added to cover the surface of the agar or cheese and imaged immediately in a dark box using a digital camera and long exposure to capture the bioluminescent signal. Photographs captured small blue spots where the incubated colony-forming units were located. The lowest inoculum level of E. coli detected for each scenario was 1.43 × 101 ± 9.94, 1.18 × 101 ± 7.07, 5.48 × 101 ± 1.19 × 101, and 2.37 × 101 ± 1.40 × 101 cfu/well, for 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b, respectively. These data demonstrate that the reporter phage proof-of-concept could be used as a forensic tool to visualize the spatial location of bacteria in a cheese matrix. Future work will translate this concept to dairy-relevant phage-pathogen systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kozak
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Samuel D Alcaine
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lukman C, Yonathan C, Magdalena S, Waturangi DE. Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteriophages from chicken and beef offal. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 31907069 PMCID: PMC6945691 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophages for pathogenic Escherichia coli from chicken and beef offal, and analyze their capability as biocontrol for several foodborne pathogens. Methods done in this research are bacteriophage isolation, purification, titer determination, application, determination of host range and minimum multiplicity of infection (miMOI), and bacteriophage morphology. RESULTS Six bacteriophages successfully isolated from chicken and beef offal using EPEC and EHEC as host strain. Bacteriophage titers observed between 109 and 1010 PFU mL-1. CS EPEC and BL EHEC bacteriophage showed high efficiency in reduction of EPEC or EHEC contamination in meat about 99.20% and 99.04%. The lowest miMOI was 0.01 showed by CS EPEC bacteriophage. CI EPEC and BL EPEC bacteriophage suspected as Myoviridae family based on its micrograph from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Refers to their activity, bacteriophages isolated in this study have a great potential to be used as biocontrol against several foodborne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celosia Lukman
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Christopher Yonathan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Stella Magdalena
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage as an Antimicrobial Agent for Biocontrol of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145 Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8020074. [PMID: 31195679 PMCID: PMC6627115 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145 is one of the most prevalent non-O157 serogroups associated with foodborne outbreaks. Lytic phages are a potential alternative to antibiotics in combatting bacterial pathogens. In this study, we characterized a Siphoviridae phage lytic against STEC O145 strains as a novel antimicrobial agent. Escherichia phage vB_EcoS-Ro145clw (Ro145clw) was isolated and purified prior to physiological and genomic characterization. Then, in vitro antimicrobial activity against an outbreak strain, E. coli O145:H28, was evaluated. Ro145clw is a double-stranded DNA phage with a genome 42,031 bp in length. Of the 67 genes identified in the genome, 21 were annotated with functional proteins, none of which were stx genes. Ro145clw had a latent period of 21 min and a burst size of 192 phages per infected cell. The phage could sustain a wide range of pH (pH 3 to pH 10) and temperatures (−80 °C to −73 °C). Ro145clw was able to reduce E. coli O145:H28 in lysogeny broth by approximately 5 log at 37 °C in four hours. These findings indicate that the Ro145clw phage is a promising antimicrobial agent that can be used to control E. coli O145 in adverse pH and temperature conditions.
Collapse
|
27
|
Efficiency of Single Phage Suspensions and Phage Cocktail in the Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium: An In Vitro Preliminary Study. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040094. [PMID: 30935094 PMCID: PMC6518180 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains are among the main pathogens responsible for moderate and serious infections at hospital and community environments, in part because they frequently present resistance to antibiotics. As the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections is empiric, using the same antibiotics to treat E. coli and Salmonella infections, the same concept can be applied with phages. The use of different phages combined in cocktails, frequently used to circumvent the development of phage-resistant mutants, also allows for the treatment of multiple pathogens, broadening the phages’ action spectrum. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a cocktail of two phages (ELY-1, produced on E. coli and phSE-5, produced on S. Typhimurium) to control E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Phages ELY-1 and phSE-5 were effective against E. coli (maximum reductions of 4.5 and 3.8 log CFU/mL, respectively), S. Typhimurium (maximum reductions of 2.2 and 2.6 log CFU/mL, respectively), and the mixture of both bacteria (maximum reductions of 2.2 and 2.0 log CFU/mL, respectively). The cocktail ELY-1/phSE-5 was more effective against S. Typhimurium and the mixture of both bacteria (maximum reduction of 3.2 log CFU/mL for both) than the single phage suspensions and as effective against E. coli as its specific phage ELY-1 (maximum reductions of 4.5 log CFU/mL). The use of both the phage cocktails, as well as the single-phage suspensions, however, did not prevent the occurrence of phage-resistant mutants. Overall, the results indicate that the application of the phages in the form of a cocktail show their potential to be used presumptively, that is, prior to the identification of the pathogens, paving its use to control E. coli or S. Typhimurium.
Collapse
|
28
|
Svetoch EA, Volozhantsev NV, Verevkin VV, Myakinina VP, Aleshkin AV, Kiseleva IA, Bannov VA, Krasilnikova VM, Borzenkov VN, Kartsev NN, Dyatlov IA. [Diagnostic bacteriophage V32 as a tool for the rapid identification of Escherichia coli serogroup O 157.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2019; 64:57-64. [PMID: 30912887 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-1-57-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage V32, a representative of bacterial viruses of the Myoviridae family Ounavirinae subfamily, is proposed for search and identification of E. coli O157 serogroup, including Shiga-toxin producing E. coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7), among cultures of enterobacteria from the primary seeding of the material studied. Phage genome containes a linear double-stranded DNA of 87875 base pairs with G/C-content of 38.9% and includes 132 open reading frames (ORF). In the genome, there are no determinants of antibiotic resistance, virulence genes of STEC and other well-known pathogroups of E. coli. It has been established that phage V32 has lytic activity against all studied cultures of E. coli O157 serogroup (n=183) isolated from people and farm animals in various regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in Japan and Italy. At the same time, the phage lyses only 6 of 182 strains (3.3%) of E. coli not belonging to the O157 serogroup and is not active against strains of other enterobacteria. That is, the phage has a high specificity. The use of bacteriophage V32 as a diagnostic tool is a highly efficient, fast, cheap and simple method for identifying E. coli serogroup O157, including the serotype E. coli O157: H7, in any bacteriological laboratory without special equipment and special training of performers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Svetoch
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - N V Volozhantsev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - V V Verevkin
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - V P Myakinina
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - A V Aleshkin
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Scientific Research Institute of epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, 125212, Russia
| | - I A Kiseleva
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Scientific Research Institute of epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, 125212, Russia
| | - V A Bannov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - V M Krasilnikova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - V N Borzenkov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - N N Kartsev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| | - I A Dyatlov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Obolensk, 142279, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Son HM, Duc HM, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Application of bacteriophages in simultaneously controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10259-10271. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Pujato SA, Quiberoni A, Mercanti DJ. Bacteriophages on dairy foods. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:14-30. [PMID: 30080952 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the impact of bacteriophages on the manufacture of dairy foods. Firstly, the impact of phages of lactic acid bacteria in the dairy industry, where they are considered enemies, is discussed. The sources of phage contamination in dairy plants are detailed, with special emphasis on the rise of phage infections related to the growing use of cheese whey as ingredient. Other topics include traditional and new methods of phage detection, quantification and monitoring, and strategies of phage control in dairy plants, either of physical, chemical or biological nature. Finally, the use of phages or purified phage enzymes as allies to control pathogenic bacteria in the food industry is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Pujato
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Quiberoni
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D J Mercanti
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duc HM, Son HM, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Isolation and application of bacteriophages to reduce Salmonella contamination in raw chicken meat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
32
|
Mulugeta B, Tesfaye S, Tesfaye W. Bacteriophages and phage products: Applications in medicine and biotechnological industries, and
general concerns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/sre2017.6546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
33
|
Yamaki S, Kawai Y, Yamazaki K. Biocontrol of Morganella morganii subsp. morganii and Histamine Accumulation in Tuna Meat by Treatment with a Lytic Bacteriophage. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yamaki
- Laboratory of Marine Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuji Kawai
- Laboratory of Marine Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Marine Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tomat D, Balagué C, Aquili V, Verdini R, Quiberoni A. Resistance of phages lytic to pathogenicEscherichia colito sanitisers used by the food industry and in home settings. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Tomat
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Área de Bacteriología; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Claudia Balagué
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Área de Bacteriología; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Virginia Aquili
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Área de Bacteriología; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Roxana Verdini
- Instituto de Química Rosario (UNR - CONICET); Suipacha 570 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Andrea Quiberoni
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL - CONICET); Santiago del Estero 2829 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang L, Qu K, Li X, Cao Z, Wang X, Li Z, Song Y, Xu Y. Use of Bacteriophages to Control Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Domestic Ruminants, Meat Products, and Fruits and Vegetables. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017. [PMID: 28636835 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen that causes severe bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Ruminant manure is a primary source of E. coli O157:H7 contaminating the environment and food sources. Therefore, effective interventions targeted at reducing the prevalence of fecal excretion of E. coli O157:H7 by cattle and sheep and the elimination of E. coli O157:H7 contamination of meat products as well as fruits and vegetables are required. Bacteriophages offer the prospect of sustainable alternative approaches against bacterial pathogens with the flexibility of being applied therapeutically or for biological control purposes. This article reviews the use of phages administered orally or rectally to ruminants and by spraying or immersion of fruits and vegetables as an antimicrobial strategy for controlling E. coli O157:H7. The few reports available demonstrate the potential of phage therapy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 carriage in cattle and sheep, and preparation of commercial phage products was recently launched into commercial markets. However, a better ecological understanding of the phage E. coli O157:H7 will improve antimicrobial effectiveness of phages for elimination of E. coli O157:H7 in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- 1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China .,2 Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin , Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Kunli Qu
- 1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- 1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China .,2 Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin , Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenhui Cao
- 3 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, China
| | - Xitao Wang
- 1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China .,4 Research and Development Department, Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Company , Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Li
- 1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China
| | - Yaxiong Song
- 1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- 1 School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, China .,2 Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin , Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zampara A, Sørensen MCH, Elsser-Gravesen A, Brøndsted L. Significance of phage-host interactions for biocontrol of Campylobacter jejuni in food. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
37
|
Hoang Minh D, Hoang Minh S, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Isolation and bio-control of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli contamination in raw chicken meat by using lytic bacteriophages. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
38
|
Chadha P, Katare OP, Chhibber S. In vivo efficacy of single phage versus phage cocktail in resolving burn wound infection in BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:68-77. [PMID: 27498362 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most predominant pathogens associated with burn wound infections, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. The indiscriminate usage of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant strains, which have contributed towards the inefficacy of antibiotics. Phage therapy is a promising alternative to hinder the progression of pathogenic bacteria. However, phage bacterial resistance is already well known but the use of phage cocktails can overcome this drawback. The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of monophage (Kpn1, Kpn2, Kpn3, Kpn4 and Kpn5) in comparison to phage cocktail in resolving the course of burn wound infection in mice. Although, animals receiving monophage therapy exhibited efficacy in resolving the course of infection but phage cocktail was highly effective in arresting the entire infection process (bacterial load, wound contraction, skin myeloperoxidase activity, collagen formation and histopathological analysis). In comparison to untreated control mice, a significant reduction in bacterial load to 4.32, 4.64, 4.42, 4.11 and 4.27 log CFU/ml in Kpn1, Kpn2, Kpn3 Kpn4 and Kpn5 treated animals was obtained respectively was on peak day (3rd day). However, the group receiving phage cocktail (group 7) showed maximum reduction in bacterial load in the skin tissue. The bacterial load was significantly reduced to 3.01 log CFU/ml on peak day. This accounts for a significant reduction of 6 log cycles (p < 0.01) as compared to that of untreated control animals where a peak of 8.81 log CFU/ml was seen followed by steady decrease thereafter. Thus, phage cocktail gave maximum protection against burn wound infection by K. pneumoniae B5055. Compared to any single phage, phage cocktail significantly checked the emergence of resistant mutants. Hence this approach can serve as an effective strategy in treating Klebsiella mediated burn wound infections in individuals who do not respond to conventional antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bai J, Kim YT, Ryu S, Lee JH. Biocontrol and Rapid Detection of Food-Borne Pathogens Using Bacteriophages and Endolysins. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:474. [PMID: 27092128 PMCID: PMC4824769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages have been suggested as natural food preservatives as well as rapid detection materials for food-borne pathogens in various foods. Since Listeria monocytogenes-targeting phage cocktail (ListShield) was approved for applications in foods, numerous phages have been screened and experimentally characterized for phage applications in foods. A single phage and phage cocktail treatments to various foods contaminated with food-borne pathogens including E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Vibrio spp. revealed that they have great potential to control various food-borne pathogens and may be alternative for conventional food preservatives. In addition, phage-derived endolysins with high host specificity and host lysis activities may be preferred to food applications rather than phages. For rapid detection of food-borne pathogens, cell-wall binding domains (CBDs) from endolysins have been suggested due to their high host-specific binding. Fluorescence-tagged CBDs have been successfully evaluated and suggested to be alternative materials of expensive antibodies for various detection applications. Most recently, reporter phage systems have been developed and tested to confirm their usability and accuracy for specific detection. These systems revealed some advantages like rapid detection of only viable pathogenic cells without interference by food components in a very short reaction time, suggesting that these systems may be suitable for monitoring of pathogens in foods. Consequently, phage is the next-generation biocontrol agent as well as rapid detection tool to confirm and even identify the food-borne pathogens present in various foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Bai
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - You-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National UniversityPyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Biological Fight Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa. NEW WEAPONS TO CONTROL BACTERIAL GROWTH 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123701 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28368-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The animal gastrointestinal tract is a tube with two open ends; hence, from the microbial point of view it constitutes an open system, as opposed to the circulatory system that must be a tightly closed microbial-free environment. In particular, the human intestine spans ca. 200 m2 and represents a massive absorptive surface composed of a layer of epithelial cells as well as a paracellular barrier. The permeability of this paracellular barrier is regulated by transmembrane proteins known as claudins that play a critical role in tight junctions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu H, Niu Y, Meng R, Wang J, Li J, Johnson R, McAllister T, Stanford K. Control of Escherichia coli O157 on beef at 37, 22 and 4 °C by T5-, T1-, T4-and O1-like bacteriophages. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
42
|
Gencay YE, Ayaz ND, Copuroglu G, Erol I. Biocontrol of Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in Turkish Raw Meatball by Bacteriophage. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Emre Gencay
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kirikkale University; Yahsihan Kirikkale 71450 Turkey
| | - Naim Deniz Ayaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kirikkale University; Yahsihan Kirikkale 71450 Turkey
| | - Gizem Copuroglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kirikkale University; Yahsihan Kirikkale 71450 Turkey
| | - Irfan Erol
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock; General Directorate of Food and Control; Lodumlu Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pérez Pulido R, Grande Burgos MJ, Gálvez A, Lucas López R. Application of bacteriophages in post-harvest control of human pathogenic and food spoiling bacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:851-61. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1049935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria José Grande Burgos
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Rosario Lucas López
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lu Z, Breidt F. Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteriophage Φ241 isolated from an industrial cucumber fermentation at high acidity and salinity. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:67. [PMID: 25741324 PMCID: PMC4330901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel phage, Φ241, specific for Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from an industrial cucumber fermentation where both acidity (pH ≤ 3.7) and salinity (≥5% NaCl) were high. The phage belongs to the Myoviridae family. Its latent period was 15 min and average burst size was 53 phage particles per infected cell. The phage was able to lyse 48 E. coli O157:H7 strains, but none of the 18 non-O157 strains (including E. coli O104:H7) or the 2 O antigen-negative mutants of O157:H7 strain, 43895Δper (also lacking H7 antigen) and F12 (still expressing H7 antigen). However, the phage was able to lyse a per-complemented strain (43895ΔperComp) which expresses O157 antigen. These results indicated that phage Φ241 is specific for O157 antigen, and E. coli strains lacking O157 antigen were resistant to the phage infection, regardless of the presence or absence of H7 antigen. SDS-PAGE profile revealed at least 13 structural proteins of the phage. The phage DNA was resistant to many commonly used restriction endonucleases, suggesting the presence of modified nucleotides in the phage genome. At the multiplicity of infection of 10, 3, or 0.3, the phage caused a rapid cell lysis within 1 or 2 h, resulting in 3.5- or 4.5-log-unit reduction in cell concentration. The high lytic activity, specificity and tolerance to low pH and high salinity make phage Φ241 a potentially ideal biocontrol agent of E. coli O157:H7 in various foods. To our knowledge, this is the first report on E. coli O157:H7 phage isolated from high acidity and salinity environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State UniversityKennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Fred Breidt
- USDA Agricultural Research Service – Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Padola NL, Etcheverría AI. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in human, cattle, and foods. Strategies for detection and control. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:89. [PMID: 25072032 PMCID: PMC4078642 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Padola
- Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Inmunochemistry and Biotechnology, CIVETAN-CONICET-CICPBA-Faculty of Veterinary Sciences- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía I Etcheverría
- Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Inmunochemistry and Biotechnology, CIVETAN-CONICET-CICPBA-Faculty of Veterinary Sciences- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abedon ST. Phage therapy: eco-physiological pharmacology. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:581639. [PMID: 25031881 PMCID: PMC4054669 DOI: 10.1155/2014/581639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial virus use as antibacterial agents, in the guise of what is commonly known as phage therapy, is an inherently physiological, ecological, and also pharmacological process. Physiologically we can consider metabolic properties of phage infections of bacteria and variation in those properties as a function of preexisting bacterial states. In addition, there are patient responses to pathogenesis, patient responses to phage infections of pathogens, and also patient responses to phage virions alone. Ecologically, we can consider phage propagation, densities, distribution (within bodies), impact on body-associated microbiota (as ecological communities), and modification of the functioning of body "ecosystems" more generally. These ecological and physiological components in many ways represent different perspectives on otherwise equivalent phenomena. Comparable to drugs, one also can view phages during phage therapy in pharmacological terms. The relatively unique status of phages within the context of phage therapy as essentially replicating antimicrobials can therefore result in a confluence of perspectives, many of which can be useful towards gaining a better mechanistic appreciation of phage therapy, as I consider here. Pharmacology more generally may be viewed as a discipline that lies at an interface between organism-associated phenomena, as considered by physiology, and environmental interactions as considered by ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Abedon
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, OH 44906, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Langsrud S, Heir E, Rode TM. Survival of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Stx bacteriophages in moisture enhanced beef. Meat Sci 2013; 97:339-46. [PMID: 24134920 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Moisture enhancement of meat through injection is a technology to improve the sensory properties and the weight of meat. However, the technology may increase the risk of food borne infections. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) or bacteriophages carrying cytotoxin genes (Shiga toxin genes, stx), which is normally only present on the surface of intact beef, may be transferred to the inner parts of the muscle during the injection process. Pathogens and bacteriophages surviving the storage period may not be eliminated in the cooking process since many consumers prefer undercooked beef. Measures to increase the microbial food safety of moisture enhanced beef may include sterilization or washing of the outer surface of the meat before injection, avoiding recycling of marinade and addition of antimicrobial agents to the marinade. This paper reviews the literature regarding microbial safety of moisture enhanced beef with special emphasis on STEC and Stx bacteriophages. Also, results from a European Union research project, ProSafeBeef (Food-CT-16 2006-36241) are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Tone Mari Rode
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|