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Olsen SC, Boggiatto PM, Nol P, McCollum MP, Rhyan JC. Immune Responses and Efficacy of Brucella Abortus Strain RB51 in Bison After Delivery in a Dry Dart Formulation or by Parenteral Inoculation. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:706160. [PMID: 34395578 PMCID: PMC8363076 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.706160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bison (Bison bison) heifer calves (n = 32) were randomly assigned to control or vaccination with 1010 colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine by single or boostered parenteral delivery, or by surgical implantation of a dry dart formulation (n = 8/trt). Serum and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 13, 16, 21, and 24 wks after initial vaccination and at 0, 4, 8, 12, 15, 22, and 27 wks after booster vaccination to characterize humoral and cellular immune responses to RB51. Bison in both RB51 vaccination treatments demonstrated greater (P < 0.0001) serum humoral responses when compared to non-vaccinates, with parenteral vaccinates demonstrating greater (P < 0.01) responses when compared to mean responses of bison inoculated with the dry dart. Only the booster vaccinated treatment demonstrated greater (P < 0.0001) humoral responses than control bison in samples collected after re-inoculation. At 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 wks after initial vaccination, PBMC from parenteral RB51 vaccinates demonstrated greater proliferative responses to RB51 when compared to responses of control animals. In comparison, bison inoculated with the RB51 dry dart did not demonstrate greater (P > 0.05) proliferative responses when compared to responses of non-vaccinates. Bison were pasture bred and pregnant animals experimentally challenged in mid-gestation with 107 CFU of B. abortus strain 2,308. Bison in parenteral vaccination treatments had reduced (P < 0.05) abortions and infection in uterine and fetal samples as compared to non-vaccinated bison, with booster vaccinates tending to have the lowest colonization (CFU/gm) in tissues. In comparison, the dry dart formulation did reduce abortion (P < 0.05) but not infection (P > 0.05) in most tissues when compared to non-vaccinated bison. The results of this study reaffirm the efficacy of boostered parenteral vaccination of bison with RB51 in preventing brucellosis. Our data also suggests that the novel dry dart RB51 formulation does not induce sufficient efficacy in bison after a single inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Olsen
- Department of Agriculture, Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paola M Boggiatto
- Department of Agriculture, Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Pauline Nol
- Wildlife Health Program, Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Matthew P McCollum
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Lab, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jack C Rhyan
- Independent Consultant, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Masonbrink RE, Alt D, Bayles DO, Boggiatto P, Edwards W, Tatum F, Williams J, Wilson-Welder J, Zimin A, Severin A, Olsen S. A pseudomolecule assembly of the Rocky Mountain elk genome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249899. [PMID: 33909645 PMCID: PMC8081196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) populations have significant economic implications to the cattle industry, as they are a major reservoir for Brucella abortus in the Greater Yellowstone area. Vaccination attempts against intracellular bacterial diseases in elk populations have not been successful due to a negligible adaptive cellular immune response. A lack of genomic resources has impeded attempts to better understand why vaccination does not induce protective immunity. To overcome this limitation, PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing with a total of 686-fold coverage was used to assemble the elk genome into 35 pseudomolecules. A robust gene annotation was generated resulting in 18,013 gene models and 33,422 mRNAs. The accuracy of the assembly was assessed using synteny to the red deer and cattle genomes identifying several chromosomal rearrangements, fusions and fissions. Because this genome assembly and annotation provide a foundation for genome-enabled exploration of Cervus species, we demonstrate its utility by exploring the conservation of immune system-related genes. We conclude by comparing cattle immune system-related genes to the elk genome, revealing eight putative gene losses in elk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick E. Masonbrink
- Genome Informatics Facility, Department of Biotech, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Darrell O. Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Paola Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - William Edwards
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Fred Tatum
- Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Williams
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Wilson-Welder
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Zimin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Severin
- Genome Informatics Facility, Department of Biotech, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Steven Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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PARTIAL PROTECTION IN BALB/C HOUSE MICE ( MUS MUSCULUS) AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK ( CERVUS CANADENSIS) AFTER VACCINATION WITH A KILLED, MUCOSALLY DELIVERED BRUCELLA ABORTUS VACCINE. J Wildl Dis 2019. [PMID: 31009310 DOI: 10.7589/2018-08-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, has been eliminated from livestock in the US. Remaining wildlife reservoirs are the bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus canadensis) populations in Yellowstone National Park and the surrounding area, from which there is periodic exposure and transmission to surrounding livestock herds. Elk account for nearly all of the livestock exposure, and the infection appears to be expanding in the elk population. Currently, there are no known effective vaccines for brucellosis in elk. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the efficacy and practicality of delivering a killed B. abortus vaccine compounded with montmorillonite clay as a carrying agent to oral, nasal, and conjunctival mucosa. The first study, conducted in laboratory mice (Mus musculus), demonstrated protection against infection equal to that produced by the currently approved cattle (Bos taurus) vaccine RB51. The second experiment, conducted as a pilot study in a small sample of elk, demonstrated partial protection against B. abortus infection. Results of the third experiment showed that elk consumed the majority of a surrogate vaccine compounded with montmorillonite mixed in hay with oral, nasal, conjunctival, and gastrointestinal exposure to the vaccine. These results suggest that multiple exposures to a mucosally delivered vaccine may provide an effective method of vaccinating wildlife.
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Bao Y, Tian M, Li P, Liu J, Ding C, Yu S. Characterization of Brucella abortus mutant strain Δ22915, a potential vaccine candidate. Vet Res 2017; 48:17. [PMID: 28376905 PMCID: PMC5381064 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella spp., is an important zoonosis worldwide. Vaccination is an effective strategy for protection against Brucella infection in livestock in developing countries and in wildlife in developed countries. However, current vaccine strains including S19 and RB51 are pathogenic to humans and pregnant animals, limiting their use. In this study, we constructed the Brucella abortus (B. abortus) S2308 mutant strain Δ22915, in which the putative lytic transglycosylase gene BAB_RS22915 was deleted. The biological properties of mutant strain Δ22915 were characterized and protection of mice against virulent S2308 challenge was evaluated. The mutant strain Δ22915 showed reduced survival within RAW264.7 cells and survival in vivo in mice. In addition, the mutant strain Δ22915 failed to escape fusion with lysosomes within host cells, and caused no observable pathological damage. RNA-seq analysis indicated that four genes associated with amino acid/nucleotide transport and metabolism were significantly upregulated in mutant strain Δ22915. Furthermore, inoculation of ∆22915 at 105 colony forming units induced effective host immune responses and long-term protection of BALB/c mice. Therefore, mutant strain ∆22915 could be used as a novel vaccine candidate in the future to protect animals against B. abortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Bao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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