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Didilescu AC, Chinthamani S, Scannapieco FA, Sharma A. NLRP3 inflammasome activity and periodontal disease pathogenesis-A bidirectional relationship. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38817019 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is an inflammatory oral disease that occurs as a result of the damaging effects of the immune response against the subgingival microflora. Among the mechanisms involved, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins family member NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3), proposed as the key regulator of macrophage-induced inflammation, is strongly associated with periodontal disease due to the bacterial activators. This paper aimed to present key general concepts of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation in periodontal disease. METHOD A narrative review was conducted in order to depict the current knowledge on the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome activity and periodontal disease. In vitro and in situ studies were retrieved and commented based on their relevance in the field. RESULTS The NLRP3 inflammasome activity stimulated by periodontal microbiota drive periodontal disease pathogenesis and progression. This occurs through the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and DAMPs (damage-associated molecular pattern molecules) following inflammasome activation. Moreover, the tissue expression of NLRP3 is dysregulated by oral microbiota, further exacerbating periodontal inflammation. CONCLUSION The review provides new insights into the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome activity and periodontal disease pathogenesis, highlighting the roles and regulatory mechanism of inflammatory molecules involved in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea C Didilescu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sreedevi Chinthamani
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Yang X, Cai X, Lin J, Zheng Y, Liao Z, Lin W, He X, Zhang Y, Ren X, Liu C. E. Coli LPS-induced calcium signaling regulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in periodontal ligament fibroblasts in a non-hypoxia-dependent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111418. [PMID: 38176341 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, can cause significant damage to the oral tissues which support the teeth. During the early development of periodontitis, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) undergo metabolic reprogramming regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which is strongly linked to the progression of inflammation. However, the precise mechanisms by which PDLFs regulate HIF-1α and its associated metabolic reprogramming during early inflammation remain unclear. This study illustrated that brief and low-dose exposure to Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can serve as a non-hypoxic stimulus, effectively replicating early periodontal inflammatory reactions. This is evidenced by the upregulation of HIF-1α expression and the activation of HIF-1α-mediated crucial glycolytic enzymes, namely lactate dehydrogenase a, pyruvate kinase, and hexokinase 2, concomitant with an augmentation in the inflammatory response within PDLFs. We observed that the effects mentioned and their impact on macrophage polarization were notably attenuated when intracellular and extracellular stores of Ca2+ were depleted using BAPTA-AM and Ca2+-free medium, respectively. Mechanistically, our findings demonstrated that the transcriptional process of HIF-1α is regulated by Ca2+ during E. coli LPS stimulation, mediated through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Additionally, we observed that the stabilization of intracellular HIF-1α proteins occurs via the endothelin (ET)-1-endothelin A receptor pathway, independent of hypoxia. Taken together, our research outcomes underscore the pivotal involvement of Ca2+ in the onset of early periodontitis by modulating HIF-1α and glycolysis, thereby presenting novel avenues for early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xuepei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zhihao Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Weiyin Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China
| | - XiaoHua Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, China.
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, China.
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Xiao H, Li Y. Hypoxia dissociates HDAC6/FOXO1 complex and aggregates them into nucleus to regulate autophagy and osteogenic differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1248-1260. [PMID: 37767803 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the periodontitis-associated bone loss, with particular emphasis on the contributory role of hypoxic microenvironment in this process. BACKGROUND Periodontitis generally causes alveolar bone loss and is often associated with a hypoxic microenvironment, which affects bone homeostasis. However, the regulating mechanism between hypoxia and jaw metabolism remains unclear. Hypoxia triggers autophagy, which is closely related to osteogenic differentiation, but how hypoxia-induced autophagy regulates bone metabolism is unknown. HDAC6 and FOXO1 are closely related to bone metabolism and autophagy, respectively, but whether they are related to hypoxia-induced bone loss and their internal mechanisms is still unclear. METHODS Established rat nasal obstruction model and hypoxia cell model. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression and localization of HDAC6 and FOXO1 proteins, analysis of autophagic flux and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the autophagy level and observe the autophagosomes, co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were preformed to investigate the interaction of HDAC6 and FOXO1. RESULTS Hypoxia causes increased autophagy and reduced osteogenic differentiation in rat mandibles and BMSCs, and blocking autophagy can attenuate hypoxia-induced osteogenic differentiation decrease. Moreover, hypoxia dissociated the FOXO1-HDAC6 complex and accumulated them in the nucleus. Knocking down of FOXO1 or HDAC6 alleviated hypoxia-induced autophagy elevation or osteogenic differentiation reduction by binding to related genes, respectively. CONCLUSION Hypoxia causes mandibular bone loss and autophagy elevation. Mechanically, hypoxia dissociates the FOXO1-HDAC6 complex and aggregates them in the nucleus, whereas HDAC6 decreases osteogenic differentiation and FOXO1 enhances autophagy to inhibit osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xu
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Orthodontic, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Shan C, Xia Y, Wu Z, Zhao J. HIF-1α and periodontitis: Novel insights linking host-environment interplay to periodontal phenotypes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 184:50-78. [PMID: 37769974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, the sixth most prevalent epidemic disease globally, profoundly impacts oral aesthetics and masticatory functionality. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen-dependent transcriptional activator, has emerged as a pivotal regulator in periodontal tissue and alveolar bone metabolism, exerts critical functions in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, energy metabolism, and cell fate determination. Numerous essential phenotypes regulated by HIF are intricately associated with bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. Extensive investigations have highlighted the central role of HIF and its downstream target genes and pathways in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Within this concise perspective, we comprehensively review the cellular phenotypic alterations and microenvironmental dynamics linking HIF to periodontitis. We analyze current research on the HIF pathway, elucidating its impact on bone repair and regeneration, while unraveling the involved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the potential application of targeted interventions aimed at HIF in the field of bone tissue regeneration engineering. This review expands our biological understanding of the intricate relationship between the HIF gene and bone angiogenesis in periodontitis and offers valuable insights for the development of innovative therapies to expedite bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - YuNing Xia
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Ürümqi, China.
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Xie H, Lin Y, Fang F. AR-A014418, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rat dental pulp stem cells via NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome impairment. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1534-1543. [PMID: 37799857 PMCID: PMC10548004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Cell pyroptosis and gingival inflammation have been implicated in periodontitis progression. Our previous study revealed that AR-A014418, a pharmacological inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), can enhance the migratory and osteogenic differentiation abilities of rat dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs). The present study aimed to explore the effect of AR on the inflammation of rDPSCs. Materials and methods The primary rDPSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry, as well as Oil red O and Alizarin Red S staining. The rDPSCs were cultured and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) before treating them with different concentrations of AR-A014418. The cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. The generation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, TNF-α, L-1β, and IL-6) were examined by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. To investigate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the expression levels of pro-caspase 1, cleaved caspase 1, as well as NLRP3 were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Results In the rDPSCs, LPS prohibited cell viability and enhanced the generation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LPS upregulated NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 protein levels and promoted ASC speck formation in the rDPSCs. AR-A014418 administration effectively blocked the LPS-induced inflammation of the rDPSCs in a dose-dependent way. Mechanistically, AR-A014418 significantly restrained the up-regulation of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in LPS-treated rDPSCs. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest that AR-A014418 significantly mitigates LPS-induced inflammation of rDPSCs by blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Xie
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Liu J, Liu W, Lv P, Wang Y, Ouyang X. Activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 by Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates programmed cell death in epithelium. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1867-1875. [PMID: 37799925 PMCID: PMC10548009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Gingival epithelial cells form a physiological barrier against bacterial invasion. Programmed cell death (PCD) regulated by pathogen precognition receptors (PRRs) lead to tissue destruction and is closely related to inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) expresses in periodontal epithelium and induces PCD of epithelial cells infected by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), therefore involves in periodontitis. Material and methods The expression of NLRP6 was detected in periodontal epithelium from human gingival sections and HaCaT cells stimulated by P. gingivalis. NLRP6 was over-expressed by adenovirus infection in HaCaT or knocked down by siRNA in P. gingivalis infected HaCaT, and the cell death was observed by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. In addition, qPCR and Western blot were performed to determine the expression of NLRP6 and the pyroptosis excutors, caspase-1 and gasdermin D. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Results NLRP6 was up-regulated in both gingival epithelium of patients with periodontitis and P. gingivalis infected HaCaT. Over-expression of NLRP6 in HaCaT led to caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis. Interestingly, knockdown of NLRP6 with siRNA followed by P. gingivalis stimulation inhibited pyroptosis and induced apoptosis. Conclusion Up-regulation of NLRP6 by P. gingivalis in HaCaT led to pyroptosis, while knocking down NLRP6 inhibited pyroptosis and induced apoptosis, which indicated this PRR may play a crucial role in periodontitis by regulating PCD in periodontal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peiying Lv
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Feng C, Yong X, Jiang Q, Su Z, Liu Z, Wu T, Tao R. Inhibitory Effects of Corydalis saxicola Bunting Total Alkaloids on Macrophage Pyroptosis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201255. [PMID: 37380608 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Corydalis saxicola Bunting total alkaloids (CSBTA) on pyroptosis in macrophages (Mϕ). In the Mϕ pyroptosis model, an inverted fluorescence microscope was used to assess cell pyroptosis, while a scanning electron microscope was used to observe morphological changes in Mϕ. NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression levels were detected by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, whereas interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After pretreatment with CSBTA or the caspase-1 inhibitor, acetyl-tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-cmk), it was discovered that NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD expressions were significantly reduced at both the mRNA and protein levels, as were IL-1 and IL-18 levels. The inhibitory effects of CSBTA and Ac-YVAD-cmk did not differ significantly. These findings indicate that CSBTA blocks Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide-induced Mϕ pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities
- Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Yong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities
- Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Qiaozhi Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities
- Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities
- Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities
- Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
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Qi X, Bie M, Jiang R, Kang F. HIF-1α regulates osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis via ANGPTL4. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 153:105736. [PMID: 37290266 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of alveolar bone resorption caused by periodontitis is not fully understood. We sought to investigate whether microenvironmental changes of local hypoxia are involved in these processes. METHODS In this study, periodontitis models of control mice and knockout of Hypoxia Induced Factor 1α (HIF-1α) harboring Cathepsin K (CTSK) Cre mice were constructed to study the effect of osteoclasts affected by hypoxic environment on alveolar bone resorption. RAW264.7 cells were subsequently induced by CoCl2 to observe the effects of HIF-1α and Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4) on osteoblast differentiation and fusion. RESULTS The degree of alveolar bone resorption in the periodontitis tissues was lesser in mice with conditional knockout of HIF-1α in osteoclasts than in wild-type mice. We also observed that HIF-1α conditional knockout mice had fewer osteoclasts on the alveolar bone surface than control mice. HIF-1α increases the expression of ANGPTL4 and promotes the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoblasts and cell fusion under chemically simulated hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION HIF-1α regulates osteoclastogenesis and participates in bone resorption in periodontitis through ANGPTL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - MiaoMiao Bie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Runyang Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiwu Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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Yth m 6A RNA-Binding Protein 1 Regulates Osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 Cells under Hypoxia via Translational Control of Thrombospondin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021741. [PMID: 36675257 PMCID: PMC9863954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a major factor affecting implant prognosis, and the specific anatomy of the peri-implant area makes it more vulnerable to the local hypoxic environment caused by inflammation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a vital role in a multitude of biological processes, and its main "reader" Yth m6A RNA-binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) is suggested to affect osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of YTHDF1 on osteogenic differentiation under hypoxic conditions remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the expression of YTHDF1 under hypoxia and observed that hypoxia suppressed osteogenic differentiation but promoted the expression of YTHDF1. Then we knocked down YTHDF1 and found decreased levels of osteogenic-related markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and alizarin red staining (ARS) under normoxia or hypoxia treatment. Bioinformatics analysis identified Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) might be a downstream factor of YTHDF1. The results revealed that YTHDF1 enhanced the stability of THBS1 mRNA, and immunofluorescence assays found co-localization with YTHDF1 and THBS1 under hypoxia. Loss of function studies showed knocking down YTHDF1 or THBS1 exacerbated the osteogenic inhibition caused by hypoxia. All data imply that hypoxia suppresses osteogenic differentiation and promotes the expression of YTHDF1, which translationally regulates THBS1 in an m6A-dependent manner, potentially counteracting hypoxia-induced osteogenic inhibition through the YTHDF1/THBS1 pathway. The results of this study reveal for the first time the molecular mechanism of the regulation of osteogenic differentiation by YTHDF1 under hypoxia and suggest that YTHDF1, together with its downstream factor THBS1, may be critical targets to counteract osteogenic inhibition under hypoxic conditions, providing promising therapeutic strategy for the hypoxia-induced bone loss in peri-implantitis.
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Zhang R, Wu Z, Li M, Yang J, Cheng R, Hu T. Canonical and noncanonical pyroptosis are both activated in periodontal inflammation and bone resorption. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1183-1197. [PMID: 36146901 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pyroptosis has both a caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and a caspase-4/-5/-11-dependent noncanonical pathway. They play an important role in inflammatory damage and related diseases. Canonical pyroptosis was reported to be involved in periodontitis. However, knowledge of caspase-4/-5/-11-dependent noncanonical pathway involvement remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of pyroptosis inhibition on periodontitis as well as the possible mechanism, in order to provide a potential target for alleviating periodontitis. METHODS Human and rat periodontitis tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Micro-computed tomography was used to assess alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis model. Pyroptosis-related proteins were tested by western blot. propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release were used to verify pyroptosis activation. RNA sequencing was applied to investigate the preliminary mechanism of the reduced periodontal inflammation induced by YVAD-CHO. RESULTS Both canonical- and noncanonical-related proteins were detected in human and rat periodontitis tissue. The pyroptosis-inhibited group demonstrated less inflammatory response and bone absorption. In vitro, pyroptosis was activated by lipopolysaccharide and inhibited by YVAD-CHO. RNA sequencing demonstrated that the expression of A20 and IκB-ζ was increased and verified by western blot in vitro and IHC in vivo. CONCLUSION These results suggest that inhibition of pyroptosis-reduced inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immunological Tolerance in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also referred to as endotoxins, are major outer surface membrane components present on almost all Gram-negative bacteria and are major determinants of sepsis-related clinical complications including septic shock. LPS acts as a strong stimulator of innate or natural immunity in a wide variety of eukaryotic species ranging from insects to humans including specific effects on the adaptive immune system. However, following immune stimulation, lipopolysaccharide can induce tolerance which is an essential immune-homeostatic response that prevents overactivation of the inflammatory response. The tolerance induced by LPS is a state of reduced immune responsiveness due to persistent and repeated challenges, resulting in decreased expression of pro-inflammatory modulators and up-regulation of antimicrobials and other mediators that promote a reduction of inflammation. The presence of environmental-derived LPS may play a key role in decreasing autoimmune diseases and gut tolerance to the plethora of ingested antigens. The use of LPS may be an important immune adjuvant as demonstrated by the promotion of IDO1 increase when present in the fusion protein complex of CTB-INS (a chimera of the cholera toxin B subunit linked to proinsulin) that inhibits human monocyte-derived DC (moDC) activation, which may act through an IDO1-dependent pathway. The resultant state of DC tolerance can be further enhanced by the presence of residual E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is almost always present in partially purified CTB-INS preparations. The approach to using an adjuvant with an autoantigen in immunotherapy promises effective treatment for devastating tissue-specific autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).
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Ezhilarasan D, Varghese SS. Porphyromonas gingivalis and dental stem cells crosstalk amplify inflammation and bone loss in the periodontitis niche. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3768-3777. [PMID: 35926111 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease, and almost 3.5 billion people are affected globally by dental caries and periodontal diseases. The microbial shift from a symbiotic microbiota to a dysbiotic microbiota in the oral cavity generally initiates periodontal disease. Pathogens in the periodontal microenvironment interact with stem cells to modulate their regenerative potential. Therefore, this review focuses on the interaction between microbes and stem cells in periodontitis conditions. Microbes direct dental stem cells to secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which increase the inflammatory burden in the damaged periodontal tissue, which further aggravates periodontitis. Microbial interaction also decreases the osteogenic differentiation potential of dental stem cells by downregulating alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and so on. Microbe and stem cell interaction amplifies pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling in the periodontitis niche, decreasing the osteogenic commitment of dental stem cells. A clear understanding of microbial stem cell interactions is crucial in designing regenerative therapies using stem cells in the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheeja S Varghese
- Department of Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Ning W, Acharya A, Li S, Schmalz G, Huang S. Identification of Key Pyroptosis-Related Genes and Distinct Pyroptosis-Related Clusters in Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862049. [PMID: 35844512 PMCID: PMC9281553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to identify pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs), their functional immune characteristics, and distinct pyroptosis-related clusters in periodontitis. Methods Differentially expressed (DE)-PRGs were determined by merging the expression profiles of GSE10334, GSE16134, and PRGs obtained from previous literatures and Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to screen the prognostic PRGs and develop a prognostic model. Consensus clustering was applied to determine the pyroptosis-related clusters. Functional analysis and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to explore the biological characteristics and immune activities of the clusters. The hub pyroptosis-related modules were defined using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Results Of the 26 periodontitis-related DE-PRGs, the highest positive relevance was for High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and SR-Related CTD Associated Factor 11 (SCAF11). A 14-PRG-based signature was developed through the LASSO model. In addition, three pyroptosis-related clusters were obtained based on the 14 prognostic PRGs. Caspase 3 (CASP3), Granzyme B (GZMB), Interleukin 1 Alpha (IL1A), IL1Beta (B), IL6, Phospholipase C Gamma 1 (PLCG1) and PYD And CARD Domain Containing (PYCARD) were dysregulated in the three clusters. Distinct biological functions and immune activities, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene expression, immune cell infiltration, and immune pathway activities, were identified in the three pyroptosis-related clusters of periodontitis. Furthermore, the pink module associated with endoplasmic stress-related functions was found to be correlated with cluster 2 and was suggested as the hub pyroptosis-related module. Conclusion The study identified 14 key pyroptosis-related genes, three distinct pyroptosis-related clusters, and one pyroptosis-related gene module describing several molecular aspects of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and immune micro-environment regulation of periodontitis and also highlighted functional heterogeneity in pyroptosis-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Ning
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aneesha Acharya
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohong Huang,
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14
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Enamel Matrix Derivative Decreases Pyroptosis-Related Genes in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095078. [PMID: 35563469 PMCID: PMC9099857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyroptosis is a caspase-dependent catabolic process relevant to periodontal disorders for which inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of the disease. Although enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been applied to support periodontal regeneration, its capacity to modulate the expression of pyroptosis-related genes remains unknown. Considering EMD has anti-inflammatory properties and pyroptosis is linked to the activation of the inflammasome in chronic periodontitis, the question arises whether EMD could reduce pyroptosis signalling. Methods: To answer this question, primary macrophages obtained from murine bone marrow and RAW 264.7 macrophages were primed with EMD before being challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were then analysed for pyroptosis-signalling components by gene expression analyses, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) immunoassay, and the detection of caspase-1 (CAS1). The release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also detected. Results: We report here that EMD, like the inflammasome (NLRP3) and CAS1 specific inhibitors—MCC950 and Ac-YVAD-cmk, respectively—lowered the LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 in primary macrophages (EMD: p = 0.0232; MCC950: p = 0.0426; Ac-YVAD-cmk: p = 0.0317). EMD further reduced the LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 in RAW 264.7 cells (p = 0.0043). There was also a reduction in CAS1 and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 macrophages on the transcriptional level (p = 0.0598; p = 0.0283; respectively), in IL-1β protein release (p = 0.0313), and CAS1 activity. Consistently, EMD, like MCC950 and Ac-YVAD-cmk, diminished the ROS release in activated RAW 264.7 cells. In ST2 murine mesenchymal cells, EMD could not be tested because LPS, saliva, and IL-1β + TNF-α failed to provoke pyroptosis signalling. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EMD is capable of dampening the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in macrophages.
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15
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Tian Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Lei L, Hu T. Antisense vicR-Loaded Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Regulate the Biofilm Organization and Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1255-1272. [PMID: 35340824 PMCID: PMC8956320 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose VicR is the essential response regulator related to the synthesis of exopolysaccharide (EPS) – one of the main cariogenic factors of S. mutans. An antisense vicR RNA (ASvicR) could bind to vicR mRNA, hindering the transcription and translation of the vicR gene. We had constructed a recombinant plasmid containing the ASvicR sequence (plasmid-ASvicR) and proved that it could reduce EPS synthesis, biofilm formation, and cariogenicity. However, the recombinant plasmids are supposed to be protected from enzymatic degradation and possess higher transformation efficiency. The principal objective of the present research was to construct an appropriate vector that can carry and protect the plasmid-ASvicR and investigate the effects of the carried plasmids on the cariogenicity of the S. mutans. Methods Aminated dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs-NH2) were synthesized and characterized. The ability of DMSNs-NH2 to carry and preserve the plasmid-ASvicR (DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR) was proved by the loading curve, agarose electrophoresis, DNase I digestion assays, and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping. Transformation assays demonstrated whether the plasmid could enter S. mutans. The effect of DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR on the 12-hour and 24-hour biofilms of S. mutans was evaluated by biofilm formation experiments and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cytotoxicity of DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR was assessed by CCK-8 and live/dead staining assays. The regulation of DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR on the cariogenicity of S. mutans was also evaluated in vivo. Results DMSNs-NH2 could load approximately 92% of plasmid-ASvicR at a mass ratio of 80 and protect most of plasmid-ASvicR from degradation by DNase I. The plasmid-ASvicR loaded on DMSNs-NH2 could be transformed into S. mutans, which down-regulated the expression of the vicR gene, reducing EPS synthesis and biofilm organization of S. mutans. DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR exhibited favorable biocompatibility, laying a foundation for its subsequent biomedical application. In addition, DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR led to decreased caries in vivo. Conclusion DMSNs-NH2 is a suitable vector of plasmid-ASvicR, and DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR can inhibit biofilm formation, reducing the cariogenicity of S. mutans. These findings reveal that DMSNs-NH2-ASvicR is a promising agent for preventing and treating dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchun Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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16
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Pyroptosis-Mediated Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010372. [PMID: 35008798 PMCID: PMC8745163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a caspase-dependent process relevant to the understanding of beneficial host responses and medical conditions for which inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of the disease. Pyroptosis has been recently suggested as one of the pathways of exacerbated inflammation of periodontal tissues. Hence, this focused review aims to discuss pyroptosis as a pathological mechanism in the cause of periodontitis. The included articles presented similarities regarding methods, type of cells applied, and cell stimulation, as the outcomes also point to the same direction considering the cellular events. The collected data indicate that virulence factors present in the diseased periodontal tissues initiate the inflammasome route of tissue destruction with caspase activation, cleavage of gasdermin D, and secretion of interleukins IL-1β and IL-18. Consequently, removing periopathogens’ virulence factors that trigger pyroptosis is a potential strategy to combat periodontal disease and regain tissue homeostasis.
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17
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Lv YT, Zeng JJ, Lu JY, Zhang XY, Xu PP, Su Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) influences adipocytes injuries through triggering XBP1 and activating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Adipocyte 2021; 10:28-37. [PMID: 33393852 PMCID: PMC7801122 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1856527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important public-health problem worldwide. This study aimed to determine effects of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on adipocytes injuries and explore associated mechanisms. Adipocytes were isolated from SD rats. pLVX-XBP1 (XBP1 over-expression) and pLVX-XBP1-RNAi (silencing XBP1) were structured and transfected into adipocytes. All adipocytes were divided into pLVX-NC, pLVX-XBP1, pLVX-NC+Pg-LPS and pLVX-XBP1+ Pg-LPS group. Oil-Red O staining was employed to identify isolated adipocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine gene transcription of IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin. Western blotting was used to detect Bax and caspase-3 expression. Adipocytes were successfully isolated and identified with Oil-Red O staining. Both XBP1 mimic and XBP1 RNAi were effectively transfected into adipocytes with higher expressing efficacy. XBP1 over-expression significantly aggravated Pg-LPS induced inflammatory response compared to adipocytes without Pg-LPS treatment (p<0.05). Pg-LPS significantly enhanced leptin and inhibited adiponectin expression by up-regulating XBP1 expression (p<0.05). XBP1 silence significantly alleviated Pg-LPS induced inflammatory response and reduced leptin, enhanced adiponectin expression in Pg-LPS treated adipocytes compared to adipocytes without Pg-LPS treatment (p<0.05). Pg-LPS induced apoptosis of adipocytes by enhancing XBP1 expression and modulating Bcl-2/Bax pathway associated molecules. In conclusion, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) induces adipocytes injuries through modulating XBP1 expression and initialling mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jin Zeng
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yang Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- , Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Shunde, China
| | - Ping-Ping Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- , Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Shunde, China
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18
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis and Chronic Hepatitis C. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6917919. [PMID: 34840527 PMCID: PMC8626199 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6917919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study is aimed at assessing the impact that periodontal disease and chronic hepatitis C could have on gingival crevicular fluid levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 (CASP-1), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) and at evaluating whether the increased local inflammatory reaction with clinical periodontal consequences is correlated to their upregulation. Patients were divided into four groups, according to their periodontal status and previously diagnosed hepatitis C, as follows: (i) CHC group, chronic hepatitis C patients; (ii) P group, periodontal disease patients, systemically healthy; (iii) CHC + P group, patients suffering from both conditions; and (iv) H group, systemically and periodontally healthy controls. Gingival crevicular samples were collected for quantitative analysis of the NLRP3 inflammasome, CASP-1, and IL-18. CHC + P patients expressed the worse periodontal status and the highest NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-18 levels, the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The P group patients also expressed significantly more elevated NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-18 levels, as compared to nonperiodontal patients (CHC and H groups). Chronic hepatitis C and periodontal disease could have a significant influence on the upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and its components, possibly contributing to an increased local inflammatory reaction and clinical periodontal consequences.
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19
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A novel fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen sulfide in osteoblasts during lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation under periodontitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20156. [PMID: 34635770 PMCID: PMC8505607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases, affects the quality of life. Osteogenesis plays an important role in the disease. There is a connection between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and periodontitis, but according to the study has been published, the precise role of H2S in inflammation remains in doubt. The main reason for the lack of research is that H2S is an endogenous gasotransmitter, difficult to discern through testing. So, we synthesized a novel fluorescence probe which can detect H2S in vitro. By using the novel H2S fluorescence probe, we found that H2S changes in osteoblasts mainly by cystathionine-γ-lyase, and H2S increases under LPS stimulation. H2S could be a potential marker for diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of bone, and might help deepen studies of the changes of H2S level and promote the progression on the researches about pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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20
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Celik D, Kantarci A. Vascular Changes and Hypoxia in Periodontal Disease as a Link to Systemic Complications. Pathogens 2021; 10:1280. [PMID: 34684229 PMCID: PMC8541389 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment caused by oral pathogens is the most important cause of the disruption of dynamic hemostasis between the oral microbiome and the immune system. Periodontal infection exacerbates the inflammatory response with increased hypoxia and causes vascular changes. The chronicity of inflammation becomes systemic as a link between oral and systemic diseases. The vascular network plays a central role in controlling infection and regulating the immune response. In this review, we focus on the local and systemic vascular network change mechanisms of periodontal inflammation and the pathological processes of inflammatory diseases. Understanding how the vascular network influences the pathology of periodontal diseases and the systemic complication associated with this pathology is essential for the discovery of both local and systemic proactive control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Celik
- Immunology Division, Health Sciences Institute, Trakya University, Edirne 22100, Turkey;
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02142, USA
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21
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Marcano R, Rojo MÁ, Cordoba-Diaz D, Garrosa M. Pathological and Therapeutic Approach to Endotoxin-Secreting Bacteria Involved in Periodontal Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:533. [PMID: 34437404 PMCID: PMC8402370 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that periodontal disease is an inflammatory entity of infectious origin, in which the immune activation of the host leads to the destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, that belongs to the complex net of oral microflora, exhibits a toxicogenic potential by releasing endotoxins, which are the lipopolysaccharide component (LPS) available in the outer cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxins are released into the tissues causing damage after the cell is lysed. There are three well-defined regions in the LPS: one of them, the lipid A, has a lipidic nature, and the other two, the Core and the O-antigen, have a glycosidic nature, all of them with independent and synergistic functions. Lipid A is the "bioactive center" of LPS, responsible for its toxicity, and shows great variability along bacteria. In general, endotoxins have specific receptors at the cells, causing a wide immunoinflammatory response by inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the production of matrix metalloproteinases. This response is not coordinated, favoring the dissemination of LPS through blood vessels, as well as binding mainly to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed in the host cells, leading to the destruction of the tissues and the detrimental effect in some systemic pathologies. Lipid A can also act as a TLRs antagonist eliciting immune deregulation. Although bacterial endotoxins have been extensively studied clinically and in a laboratory, their effects on the oral cavity and particularly on periodontium deserve special attention since they affect the connective tissue that supports the tooth, and can be linked to advanced medical conditions. This review addresses the distribution of endotoxins associated with periodontal pathogenic bacteria and its relationship with systemic diseases, as well as the effect of some therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Marcano
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and INCYL, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - M. Ángeles Rojo
- Area of Experimental Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Damián Cordoba-Diaz
- Area of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and IUFI, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Manuel Garrosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and INCYL, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
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22
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Özçelik H, Batool F, Corre M, Garlaschelli A, Conzatti G, Stutz C, Petit C, Delpy E, Zal F, Leize-Zal E, Huck O. Characterization of a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel containing an extracellular oxygen carrier (M101) for periodontitis treatment: An in vitro study. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120810. [PMID: 34144138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with anaerobic bacteria leading to the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone anaerobic pathogen involved in the development of severe lesions. Periodontal treatment aims to suppress subgingival biofilms and to restore tissue homeostasis. However, hypoxia impairs wound healing and promotes bacterial growth within periodontal pocket. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of local oxygen delivery through the local application of a hydrogel containing Arenicola marina's hemoglobin (M101). To this end, a hydrogel (xanthan (2%), hyaluronic acid (1%)) containing M101 (1-2 g/L) (Xn(2%)-HA(1%)-M101) was prepared and characterized. Rheological tests revealed the occurrence of high deformation without the loss of elastic properties. Dialysis experiment revealed that incorporation of M101 within the gel did not modify its oxygen transportation properties. Samples of release media of the gels (1 g/L (10%) and 2 g/L (10%) M101) decreased significantly the growth of P. gingivalis after 24 h validating its antibacterial effect. Metabolic activity measurement confirmed the cytocompatibility of Xn(2%)-HA(1%)-M101. This study suggests the therapeutic interest of Xn(2%)-HA(1%)-M101 gel to optimize treatment of periodontitis with a non-invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Özçelik
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fareeha Batool
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Conzatti
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Stutz
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Petit
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Delpy
- Hemarina SA, Aéropôle centre, 29600 Morlaix, France
| | - Franck Zal
- Hemarina SA, Aéropôle centre, 29600 Morlaix, France
| | | | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Li Y, Ling J, Jiang Q. Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691013. [PMID: 34177950 PMCID: PMC8221428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast-osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Li YY, Cai Q, Li BS, Qiao SW, Jiang JY, Wang D, Du XC, Meng WY. The Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide on the Pyroptosis of Gingival Fibroblasts. Inflammation 2021; 44:846-858. [PMID: 33140204 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and other pathogens. P. gingivalis release various virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, whether P. gingivalis-LPS inducing pyroptosis in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remains unknown. In present study, P. gingivalis-LPS decreased the membrane integrity of HGFs, and pyroptosis-associated cytokines were upregulated at the mRNA level. In addition, pyroptosis proteins were highly expressed in gingival tissues of periodontitis. P. gingivalis-LPS induced gingivitis in the rat model, and the expression level of pyroptosis-associated proteins increased. Together, P. gingivalis-LPS can activate the pyroptosis reaction, which may be a pro-pyroptosis status in a relative low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bao-Sheng Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shu-Wei Qiao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jia-Yang Jiang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xue-Chun Du
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei-Yan Meng
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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25
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Huang X, Shen H, Liu Y, Qiu S, Guo Y. Fisetin attenuates periodontitis through FGFR1/TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107505. [PMID: 33725636 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pharmacological effect of Fisetin on experimental periodontitis in rats and explore its potential mechanism. The ligature/LPS method was used to induce periodontitis in rats. LPS was employed to cause inflammation in Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The transfections with FGFR1 SiRNA, NLRP3 SiRNA and the selective TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 were used to investigate the mechanism of Fisetin-mediated inflammatory reaction in LPS-induced HGF. As a result, Fisetin reduced the alveolar bone gap, reversed histopathological lesion and inhibited serum inflammatory cytokine concentration in periodontitis rats. Fisetin decreased the inflammatory cytokine contents in the supernatant of LPS-induced HGF. The inhibitory effect of Fisetin might be attributed to FGFR1/TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway both in vivo and in vitro. The suppressions of FGFR1, TLR4 and NLRP3 proved that FGFR1/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling was involved in the Fisetin-mediated inflammatory response. Fisetin also inhibited NLRP3 priming. The data demonstrated that Fisetin attenuated periodontitis by inhibiting inflammatory reaction via FGFR1/TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Sainan Qiu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Zhang Z, Deng M, Hao M, Tang J. Periodontal ligament stem cells in the periodontitis niche: inseparable interactions and mechanisms. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:565-576. [PMID: 34043832 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0421-750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by the periodontium's pathologic destruction due to the host's overwhelmed inflammation to the dental plaque. The bacterial infections and subsequent host immune responses have shaped a distinct microenvironment, which generally affects resident periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that impaired PDLSCs may also contribute to the disturbance of periodontal homeostasis. The putative vicious circle underlying the interesting "positive feedback" of PDLSCs in the periodontitis niche remains a hot research topic, whereas the inseparable interactions between resident PDLSCs and the periodontitis niche are still not fully understood. This review provides a microscopic view on the periodontitis progression, especially the quick but delicate immune responses to oral dysbacterial infections. We also summarize the interesting crosstalk of the resident PDLSCs with their surrounding periodontitis niche and potential mechanisms. Particularly, the microenvironment reduces the osteogenic properties of resident PDLSCs, which are closely related to their reparative activity. Reciprocally, these impaired PDLSCs may disrupt the microenvironment by aggravating the host immune responses, promoting aberrant angiogenesis, and facilitating the osteoclastic activity. We further recommend that more in-depth studies are required to elucidate the interactions of PDLSCs with the periodontal microenvironment and provide novel interventions for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen Q, Liu X, Wang D, Zheng J, Chen L, Xie Q, Liu X, Niu S, Qu G, Lan J, Li J, Yang C, Zou D. Periodontal Inflammation-Triggered by Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Pyroptosis Exacerbates Periodontitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663037. [PMID: 33869229 PMCID: PMC8049442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an immune inflammatory disease that leads to progressive destruction of bone and connective tissue, accompanied by the dysfunction and even loss of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin-D (GSDMD) participates in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, whether pyroptosis mediates PDLSC loss, and inflammation triggered by pyroptosis is involved in the pathological progression of periodontitis remain unclear. Here, we found that PDLSCs suffered GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis to release interleukin-1β (IL-1β) during human periodontitis. Importantly, the increased IL-1β level in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly correlated with periodontitis severity. The caspase-4/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis caused by periodontal bacteria and cytoplasmic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dominantly contributed to PDLSC loss. By releasing IL-1β into the tissue microenvironment, pyroptotic PDLSCs inhibited osteoblastogenesis and promoted osteoclastogenesis, which exacerbated the pathological damage of periodontitis. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-4 or IL-1β antibody blockade in a rat periodontitis model lead to the significantly reduced loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament damage. Furthermore, Gsdmd deficiency alleviated periodontal inflammation and bone loss in mouse experimental periodontitis. These findings indicate that GSDMD-driven PDLSC pyroptosis and loss plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by increasing IL-1β release, enhancing inflammation, and promoting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jisi Zheng
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyang Xie
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujuan Niu
- College of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guanlin Qu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianfeng Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Duohong Zou
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yang K, Xu S, Zhao H, Liu L, Lv X, Hu F, Wang L, Ji Q. Hypoxia and Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide synergistically induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107456. [PMID: 33588175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of hypoxia and Porphyromonas gingivalis- lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS) on activation of the NACHT leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). DESIGN Periodontitis was optimally simulated using a hypoxic concentration of 1%. HGFs were stimulated using P. gingivalis-LPS (1.0 μg/ml) in normoxia and hypoxia for 3 h and 6 h, respectively. The expression levels of genes and proteins of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), interleukin-1β, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1 and its activated forms, were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. ELISA was used to detect and determine levels of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β in cell supernatants. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, caspase-1 activity assay and Hoechst 33342/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining were performed to further verify the presence of pyroptosis. RESULTS The NLRP3 inflammasome (i.e., NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1) was not affected by individual stimulation using P. gingivalis-LPS or hypoxia. However, the combination of both hypoxia and P. gingivalis-LPS stimulation significantly enhanced inflammasome activation and promoted the expression of interleukin-1β, gasdermin D and HIF-1α at gene and protein levels; PI positive cells and the release of LDH were also elevated. CONCLUSION Hypoxia and P. gingivalis-LPS synergistically induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HGFs, and subsequently high levels of interleukin-1β and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis can cause an HGF inflammatory response, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lingshuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofang Lv
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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The correlation of altitude with gingival status among adolescents in western China: a cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3151-3167. [PMID: 33528681 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is common in Chinese adolescents. There is little information about the effect of different altitudes on gingival health. This study aimed to investigate the gingival status at different altitudes and to identify relative factors that affect adolescents' gingival status. A total of 1033 adolescents aged 12-14 years were included in this cross-sectional study in Ganzi (plateau, 1400 m, 2560 m, 3300 m) and Suining (plain, 300 m). Gingival status was assessed by the presence of gingival bleeding on probing (BOP) and dental calculus (DC). Demographic variables, socioeconomic status, dairy habits and oral health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors were obtained via questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential relative factors. A total of 64.09% and 77.15% of adolescents had BOP and DC, respectively. The prevalence rates of BOP and DC were higher in the plateau than the plain (P < 0.05). After adjusting for all other factors and interaction terms, residence altitudes of 2560 m [300 m as reference: P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 4.072] and 3300 m (300 m as reference: P = 0.002, OR = 4.053) were significant relative factors of BOP, and an altitude of 2560 m (300 m as reference: P = 0.001, OR = 3.866, 1400 m as reference: P = 0.001, OR = 3.944) was an important relative factor of DC. Gingival bleeding and calculus deposits were common at different altitudes. High altitude was a significant relative factor of gingival bleeding and calculus deposits.
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IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects the Osteogenesis Capability of Gingival-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells under Inflammatory Microenvironment Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharides. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6638575. [PMID: 33531908 PMCID: PMC7834827 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6638575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to be a future treatment option for periodontitis due to their excellent regenerative capability. However, it is still a challenge to protect MSCs' biological properties from multiple bacterial toxins in local inflammatory environment. The present study is aimed at investigating the treatment effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) under an inflammatory microenvironment induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (P. gingivalis-LPS). GMSCs derived from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats' free gingival tissues were treated with P. gingivalis-LPS (10 μg/mL) to create in vitro inflammatory environment. Different concentrations of IL-1ra (0.01-1 μg/mL) were used to antagonize the negative effect of LPS. Cell behaviors including proliferation, cloning formation unit (CFU), cell migration, osteogenic differentiation, mineral deposition, and cytokine production were assessed to investigate the protection effect of IL-1ra on GMSCs under inflammation. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activated by LPS was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. In response to P. gingivalis-LPS treatment, cell numbers, cloning formation rate, cell migration rate, proinflammatory cytokine production, and osteogenic differentiation-associated protein/mRNA expressions as well as mineralized nodules were suppressed in a time-dependent manner. These negative effects were effectively attenuated by IL-1ra administration in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, mRNA expressions of TLR4 and IkBα decreased dramatically when IL-1ra was added into LPS-induced medium. IL-1ra also reversed the LPS-induced TLR4/NF-κB activation as indicated by western blot. The present study revealed that IL-1ra decreased inflammatory cytokine production in a supernatant, so as to protect GMSCs' osteogenesis capacity and other biological properties under P. gingivalis-LPS-induced inflammatory environment. This might be explained by IL-1ra downregulating TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway activation.
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Chen Y, Yang Q, Lv C, Chen Y, Zhao W, Li W, Chen H, Wang H, Sun W, Yuan H. NLRP3 regulates alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis by promoting osteoclastic differentiation. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12973. [PMID: 33382502 PMCID: PMC7849172 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system and plays an important role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome on periodontitis have not been fully studied. Materials and methods We used ligature‐induced periodontitis models of NLRP3 knockout mice (NLRP3KO) and their wildtype (WT) littermates to compare their alveolar bone phenotypes. We further used Lysm‐Cre/RosanTnG mouse to trace the changes of Lysm‐Cre+ osteoclast precursors in ligature‐induced periodontitis with or without MCC950 treatment. At last, we explored MCC950 as a potential drug for the treatment of periodontitis in vivo and in vitro. Results Here, we showed that the number of osteoclast precursors, osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone loss were reduced in NLRP3KO mice compared with WT littermates, by using ligature‐induced periodontitis model. Next, MCC950, a specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, was used to inhibit osteoclast precursors differentiation into osteoclast. Further, we used Lysm‐Cre/RosanTnG mice to demonstrate that MCC950 decreases the number of Lysm‐Cre+ osteoclast precursors in ligature‐induced periodontitis. At last, treatment with MCC950 significantly suppressed alveolar bone loss with reduced IL‐1β activation and osteoclast differentiation in ligature‐induced periodontitis. Conclusion Our findings reveal that NLRP3 regulates alveolar bone loss in ligature‐induced periodontitis by promoting osteoclastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiudong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Taizhou People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Taizhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Aral K, Milward MR, Cooper PR. Inflammasome dysregulation in human gingival fibroblasts in response to periodontal pathogens. Oral Dis 2020; 28:216-224. [PMID: 33368813 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncontrolled production of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a major proinflammatory cytokine, is associated with tissue destruction in periodontal disease. IL-1β production is controlled by inflammasomes which are multiprotein regulatory complexes. The current study aimed to elucidate potential regulatory pathways by monitoring the effects of periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on inflammasomes and their regulators in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro. METHODS HGFs were exposed to Fn and Pg alone or in combination for 24 hr at a multiplicity of infection of 100, ±30 min exposure with 5 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) incubation. Gene expression of NLRP3 and AIM2, inflammasome regulatory proteins POP1, CARD16 and TRIM16, and inflammasome components ASC and CASPASE 1, and IL-1β, were evaluated by RT-PCR. Pro- and mature IL-1β levels were monitored intracellularly by immunocytochemistry and extracellularly by ELISA. RESULTS Fn + ATP significantly upregulated NLRP3, AIM2, IL-1β, ASC, and CASPASE 1; however, it downregulated POP1 and TRIM16. Pg + ATP downregulated NLRP3, ASC, POP1, but upregulated IL-1β and CARD16. Pg + Fn+ATP significantly upregulated AIM2, IL-1β and CARD16, and downregulated POP1, TRIM16, and CASPASE 1. Pg + ATP exposure significantly increased pro- and mature IL-1β production. CONCLUSION Bacterial exposure with ATP may deregulate IL-1β by dysregulating inflammasomes and their regulators in HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Aral
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Uskudar Ahmet Yuksel Ozemre Oral and Dental Health Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Paul R Cooper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Nakanishi H, Nonaka S, Wu Z. Microglial Cathepsin B and Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:495-502. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200708125130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to develop therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, but there is no effective therapeutic agent at present. Now,
much attention has been paid to infiltrate pathogens in the brain as a trigger of AD. These pathogens,
or their virulence factors, may directly cross a weakened blood-brain barrier, reach the brain and cause
neurological damage by eliciting neuroinflammation. Moreover, there is growing clinical evidence of
a correlation between periodontitis and cognitive decline in AD patients. Recent studies have revealed
that microglial cathepsin B is increasingly induced by lipopolysaccharide of Porphylomonas gingivalis,
a major pathogen of periodontal disease. Moreover, gingipains produced by P. gingivalis play
critical roles in neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and cognitive decline in mice. Furthermore,
an orally bioavailable and brain-permeable inhibitor of gingipain is now being tested in AD patients. It
is largely expected that clinical studies countering bacterial virulence factors may pave the way to establish
the prevention and early treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Zhou Wu
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Metformin ameliorates the NLPP3 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting the expression of NEK7 in diabetic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104763. [PMID: 32480011 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the underlying mechanism between diabetic periodontitis and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome associated pyroptosis. DESIGN Experimental models of diabetes-associated periodontitis were implemented in db/db mice. We detected NLRP3 inflammasome related cytokines and gasdermin D (GSDMD) both in vitro and in vivo. We performed bioinformatics predictions based on microarray analysis using bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). RESULTS Diabetes-associated periodontitis mice exhibited the worst fasting glucose and alveolar bone destruction. GSDMD positive cells and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were augmented in gingival tissue, which were partly reversed by metformin. In vitro data suggested NLRP3 inflammasomes stimuli induced cell pyroptotic death and deletion of NLRP3 decreased GSDMD expression. We found a profile of differential lncRNAs expression and three co-expressed lncRNAs of nlrp3 and gsdmd in BMDMs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis has a significant role in diabetes-associated periodontitis. The pyroptotic cell death may be the pivot reason of the deteriorated inflammation in this disease, which is ameliorated by metformin treatment. Moreover, the role of both NLRP3 and GSDMD may be regulated by lncRNA_1810058I24Rik, lncRNA_Gm12474 and lncRNA_Gm41514.
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Rocha FRG, Delitto AE, de Souza JAC, González-Maldonado LA, Wallet SM, Rossa Junior C. Relevance of Caspase-1 and Nlrp3 Inflammasome on Inflammatory Bone Resorption in A Murine Model of Periodontitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7823. [PMID: 32385413 PMCID: PMC7210885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the role of NLRP3 inflammasome and its main effector Caspase-1 in inflammation and alveolar bone resorption associated with periodontitis. Heat-killed Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) was injected 3x/week (4 weeks) into gingival tissues of wild-type (WT), Nlrp3-KO and Caspase1-KO mice. Bone resorption was measured by µCT and osteoclast number was determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Inflammation was assessed histologically (H/E staining and immunofluorescence of CD45 and Ly6G). In vitro studies determined the influence of Nlrp3 and Caspase-1 in Rankl-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity and on LPS-induced expression of inflammation-associated genes. Bone resorption was significantly reduced in Casp1-KO but not in Nlrp3-KO mice. Casp1-KO mice had increased in osteoclast numbers, whereas the inflammatory infiltrate or on gene expression were similar to those of WT and Nlrp3-KO mice. Strikingly, osteoclasts differentiated from Nlrp3-deficient macrophages had increased resorbing activity in vitro. LPS-induced expression of Il-10, Il-12 and Tnf-α was significantly reduced in Nlrp3- and Casp1-deficient macrophages. As an inceptive study, these results suggest that Nlrp3 inflammasome does not play a significant role in inflammation and bone resorption in vivo and that Caspase-1 has a pro-resorptive role in experimental periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R G Rocha
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea E Delitto
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joao A Chaves de Souza
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Laura A González-Maldonado
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Rossa Junior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Karatas O, Balci Yuce H, Taskan MM, Gevrek F, Lafci E, Kasap H. Histological evaluation of peri-implant mucosal and gingival tissues in peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis and periodontitis patients: a cross-sectional clinical study. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:241-249. [PMID: 31746655 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1691256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Aim of present study was to evaluate gingival tissue samples obtained from healthy and diseased sites of teeth and dental implants in terms of hypoxia and collagenase activity.Methods: Four study groups were created as Group-1; healthy individuals (H), Group-2; periodontitis patients with stage 3 grade B (P), Group-3; patients with peri-implant mucositis. Group-4; patients with peri-implantitis (P-IMP). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were recorded. Gingival and peri-implant mucosal biopsies were obtained. Fibroblast and inflammatory cells were counted. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, prolyl hydroxylase (PH), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were determined via immunohistochemistry.Results: Healthy controls had highest fibroblast cell counts and lowest inflammatory cell counts compared to other groups. Peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples had similar fibroblast and inflammatory cell counts, while peri-implant mucositis had higher fibroblast cells and lowered inflammatory cells compared to periodontitis and peri-implantitis samples. HIF-1α, COX-2 and iNOS levels were lowest in healthy controls and increased in other groups. Peri-implant mucositis samples had significantly lower expressions of HIF-1α, COX-2 and iNOS compared to peri-implantitis and periodontitis groups. PH expressions were lower in periodontitis and peri-implantitis groups compared to healthy controls and peri-implant mucositis groups. MMP-8 levels were lower in healthy group compared to other groups while levels were similar in periodontitis, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis groups. TIMP levels were similar in groups.Conclusion: Periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and peri-implant mucositis samples exhibited higher inflammation and lower fibroblast cell counts and tend to have increased tissue collagenase activity, hypoxia and inflammation compared to healthy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Balci Yuce
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Taskan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Emre Lafci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Kasap
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Liu S, Du J, Li D, Yang P, Kou Y, Li C, Zhou Q, Lu Y, Hasegawa T, Li M. Oxidative stress induced pyroptosis leads to osteogenic dysfunction of MG63 cells. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:221-232. [PMID: 32356234 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by alveolar bone destruction and is one of the most common chronic oral diseases. Inflammatory cytokines released by pyroptosis, which can be triggered by oxidative stress, are critical in the development of periodontitis. This study aims to clarify whether oxidative stress causes osteoblast dysfunction by inducing pyroptosis in the process of periodontitis. We found that treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of MG63 cells as well as decreased cell migration. Of note, LPS stimulation increased LDH release in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, inhibition of reactive oxygen species with N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis and improved migration injury in osteoblasts treated with LPS. Further, inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 improved osteoblast migration and restored the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins such as COL 1, RUNX 2 and ALP. In conclusion, oxidative stress caused by LPS induces pyroptosis in osteoblasts, leading to osteogenic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuying Kou
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Congshan Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yupu Lu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Aral K, Milward MR, Kapila Y, Berdeli A, Cooper PR. Inflammasomes and their regulation in periodontal disease: A review. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:473-487. [PMID: 31960443 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is secreted by host tissues leading to periodontal tissue inflammation, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The conversion of pro-IL-1β into its biologically active form is controlled by multiprotein complexes named as inflammasomes, which are key regulator of host defense mechanisms and inflammasome involved diseases, including the periodontal diseases. Inflammasomes are regulated by different proteins and processes, including pyrin domain (PYD)-only proteins (POPs), CARD-only proteins (COPs), tripartite motif family proteins (TRIMs), autophagy, and interferons. A review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data from these publications revealed that several inflammasomes including (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) have been found to be involved in periodontal disease pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the current article provides the first review of the literature focusing on studies that evaluated both inflammasomes and their regulators in periodontal disease. An upregulation for inflammasomes and a downregulation of inflammasome regulator proteins including POPs, COPs, and TRIMs have been reported in periodontal disease. Although interferons (types I and II) and autophagy have been found to be involved in periodontal disease, their possible role in inflammasome activation has not evaluated yet. Modulating the excessive inflammatory response by the use of inflammasome regulators may have potential in the management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Aral
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michael R Milward
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences, The School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Afig Berdeli
- Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mudalal M, Sun X, Li X, Zhou Y. The evaluation of leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin as an anti-inflammatory autologous biological additive. A novel in vitro study. Saudi Med J 2020; 40:657-668. [PMID: 31287125 PMCID: PMC6757208 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.7.24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the use of leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin on suppressing the porphyromonas gingivalis (PG-LPS)-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Methods:This quantitative experimental study was conducted at the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China, between September 2017 and January 2019. A modified technique was used to obtain human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFCs). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Cell Counting Kit-8 tests were established to determine the proliferation rate. Human gingival fibroblast cells were treated by PG-LPS at different periods and the isolated mRNA was subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The release of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming-growth factor-β1 at various time intervals was observed. Results: We successfully established a modified technique for the production of HGFCs culture. One µg/mL PG-LPS was the recommended concentration to inhibit fibroblast proliferation. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines messenger ribnucleic acid was notably raised at 3 and 6 hours post-PG-LPS treatment. The cumulative release of growth factors peaked during the first 24 hours and the production continued for 10 days. However, the fibroblast expression of cytokines was significantly suppressed after treatment with leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). Conclusion: This study provided a novel way of obtaining HGFCs and greater understanding of the clinical impacts through the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of L-PRF in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mudalal
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China. E-mail.
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Cheng R, Wu Z, Li M, Shao M, Hu T. Interleukin-1β is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis: a narrative review. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:2. [PMID: 31900383 PMCID: PMC6949296 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Periodontal inflammation recruits distant metastatic breast cancer cells by increasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncogene 2019; 39:1543-1556. [PMID: 31685946 PMCID: PMC7018659 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases can lead to chronic inflammation affecting the integrity of the tooth supporting tissues. Recently, a striking association has been made between periodontal diseases and primary cancers in the absence of a mechanistic understanding. Here we address the effect of periodontal inflammation (PI) on tumor progression, metastasis, and possible underlining mechanisms. We show that an experimental model of PI in mice can promote lymph node (LN) micrometastasis, as well as head and neck metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells, both in early and late stages of cancer progression. The cervical LNs had a greater tumor burden and infiltration of MDSC and M2 macrophages compared with LNs at other sites. Pyroptosis and the resultant IL-1β production were detected in patients with PI, mirrored in mouse models. Anakinra, IL-1 receptor antagonist, limited metastasis, and MDSC recruitment at early stages of tumor progression, but failed to reverse established metastatic tumors. PI and the resulting production of IL-1β was found to promote CCL5, CXCL12, CCL2, and CXCL5 expression. These chemokines recruit MDSC and macrophages, finally enabling the generation of a premetastatic niche in the inflammatory site. These findings support the idea that periodontal inflammation promotes metastasis of breast cancer by recruiting MDSC in part by pyroptosis-induced IL-1β generation and downstream CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL5 signaling in the early steps of metastasis. These studies define the role for IL-1β in the metastatic progression of breast cancer and highlight the need to control PI, a pervasive inflammatory condition in older patients.
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Taskan MM, Karatas O, Balci Yuce H, Isiker Kara G, Gevrek F, Ucan Yarkac F. Hypoxia and collagen crosslinking in the healthy and affected sites of periodontitis patients. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:600-607. [PMID: 31174446 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1624819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Present study suggests that diseased sites of periodontitis with stage 3 grade B and C had decreased fibroblast cell density, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions while increased inflammatory cell counts compared to both healthy sites of the periodontitis patients and healthy controls. Collagen maturation enzymes also decreased in the diseased sites. Objective: The present study aimed at determining markers of hypoxia and collagen crosslinking in healthy and diseased gingiva from healthy individuals and periodontitis patients. Methods: Group-1; healthy individuals, Group-2; healthy sites of periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade B, (H-GradeB) Group-3; diseased sites of periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade B, (D-GradeB). Group-4; healthy sites of periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade C, (H-GradeC). Group-5; diseased sites of periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade C, (D-GradeC). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment levels (CALs) were recorded. Gingival biopsies were obtained. Fibroblast and inflammatory cells were counted. HIF-1α, prolyl hydroxylase (PH), VEGF, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl hydroxylase (LH) levels were determined via immunohistochemistry. Results: Fibroblast cell counts were lower in D-GradeC and D-GradeB than other groups. C group had highest fibroblast cell counts. Inflammatory cell counts were highest in the D-GradeC and lowest in C group. HIF-1α levels were highest in C group and decreased in diseased sites. Lowest value was observed in D-GradeC group. VEGF, PH, and LH levels were higher in the control group compared to other groups. LOX levels were similar in the groups except for D-GradeC. LOX levels were similar in the groups except for D-GradeC which is significantly lower than those of the control group and healthy sites. Conclusions: The results revealed that diseased sites of periodontitis patients had decreased fibroblast cells, HIF and VEGF expressions while increased inflammatory cells. Collagen crosslinking tend to decrease with disease regardless of stage and grade of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Murat Taskan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Balci Yuce
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Gozde Isiker Kara
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ucan Yarkac
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Aral K, Berdeli E, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Kapila Y, Karadede Ünal B, Aral CA, Berdeli A. Differential expression of inflammasome regulatory transcripts in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2019; 91:606-616. [PMID: 31557327 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammasome modulates the release of key proinflammatory cytokines associated with periodontal disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of proteins that regulate the inflammasome, namely pyrin domain-only proteins (POPs), caspase activation recruitment domain (CARD)-only proteins, and tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, in periodontal diseases. METHODS A total of 68 participants (34 males and 34 females) were divided into four groups, including periodontal health (H), gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CP), and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) based on clinical parameters. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from all participants for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based gene expression analyses of molecules that regulate the inflammasome, including apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) containing CARD, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich family (NLR) pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), NLR family pyrin domain containing 2 (NLRP2), AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2), POP1, POP2, CARD16, CARD18, TRIM16, and TRIM20 by RT-PCR. RESULTS NLRP3 and IL-1β were upregulated in the G, CP, and AgP groups compared with group H (P < 0.05). AIM2 was downregulated in the CP group compared with the H, G, and AgP groups (P < 0.05). TRIM20, TRIM16, and CARD18 were downregulated in the G, CP, and AgP groups compared with the H group (P < 0.05). POP1 and POP2 were downregulated in the CP and AgP, and AgP and G groups, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Active periodontal disease may result in downregulation of inflammasome regulators that may increase the activity of NLRP3 and IL-1β in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Aral
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eynar Berdeli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paul Roy Cooper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Yvonne Kapila
- The School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Afig Berdeli
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Xu S, Zhou Q, Fan C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Qiu X, Yang K, Ji Q. Doxycycline inhibits NAcht Leucine-rich repeat Protein 3 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β production induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104514. [PMID: 31394382 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on inflammasome activation by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS) stimulation and the anti-inflammatory eff ;ect of doxycycline (Dox) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). DESIGN The optimal concentration of P. gingivalis-LPS (1.0 μg/mL) for cellular viability was determined by observing cell morphology and measuring the amount of formazan and the expression of pro-caspase-1. The expression of genes and proteins related to the NAcht Leucine-rich repeat Protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1 and its activated forms, and the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and its activated forms were measured. RESULTS The NLRP3 inflammasome (i.e., NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1) was not affected by stimulation with P. gingivalis-LPS or ATP. However, a combination of P. gingivalis-LPS and ATP significantly enhanced inflammasome activation and IL-1β production at the gene and protein levels as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Furthermore, doxycycline addition markedly inhibited inflammasome activation and IL-1β production induced by a combination of P. gingivalis-LPS and ATP. CONCLUSIONS LPS, ATP, and doxycycline play critical roles in regulating host immune responses. This evidence provides guidance for the application of tetracycline drugs for the clinical treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Chun Fan
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Stuart Country Day School of the Sacred Heart, 1200 Stuart Road, Princeton, NJ, 08628, United States
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Immunological Pathways Triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities? Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7241312. [PMID: 31341421 PMCID: PMC6612971 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7241312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum possess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host's immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved in the induction of periodontitis. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its effector molecules (IL-1β and caspase-1) play roles in the development of periodontitis. We and others have reported that the purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a role in the modulation of periodontal disease and intracellular pathogen control. Caspase-4/5 (in humans) and caspase-11 (in mice) are important effectors for combating bacterial pathogens via mediation of cell death and IL-1β release. The exact molecular events of the host's response to these bacteria are not fully understood. Here, we review innate and adaptive immune responses induced by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum infections and discuss the possibility of manipulations of the immune response as therapeutic strategies. Given the global burden of periodontitis, it is important to develop therapeutic targets for the prophylaxis of periodontopathogen infections.
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Lv K, Wang G, Shen C, Zhang X, Yao H. Role and mechanism of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome in oral disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:1-11. [PMID: 30315987 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence and data from experimental studies regarding the role and mechanism of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of several representative oral diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search of PubMed and EBSCO was performed. The literature was searched using a combination of keywords, e.g., NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammation, microorganisms, oral inflammatory diseases, and oral immunological diseases. RESULTS The initiation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several representative oral diseases, including periodontitis, oral lichen planus, dental pulp disease, and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses. The possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in several oral diseases, including not only periodontitis and pulpitis but also mucosal diseases and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, may involve the aberrant regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the NLRP3 inflammasome is necessary because the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of oral inflammatory and immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Lv
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chenlu Shen
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Yinzhou People Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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Nelwan SC, Nugraha RA, Endaryanto A, Meizarini A, Tedjosasongko U, Pradopo S, Utomo H. Converging findings from linkage between periodontal pathogen with atopic and allergic immune response. Cytokine 2018; 113:89-98. [PMID: 29937409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore a relationship between exposures of whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis in various doses with atopic inflammatory responses at experimental mice. A pretest-posttest controlled group design, with 16 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) randomized into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was given low-dose (9 × 107 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 3 was given medium-dose (9 × 109 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 4 was given high-dose (9 × 1011 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, Interleukin-17F, Interleukin-21, Immunoglobulin-E, Immunoglobulin-G4, and γ-Interferon were measured by direct-sandwich ELISA just before the treatments began, day-4, and day-11 after treatments. There is a sudden increase of Interleukin-4 in the group 4 (23.79 ± 0.91 pg/ml to 54.17 ± 0.79 pg/ml; p = 0.01) and slight increase of Interleukin-5 in the group 4 (207.60 ± 11.15 pg/ml to 243.40 ± 9.33 pg/ml; p = 0.03). No change was observed for Interleukin-17F in all groups. Serum concentration of Immunoglobulin-E was decreased in group 2 (-10.44 ± 8.13 pg/ml), but increased in group 4 (+1.03 ± 4.57 pg/ml). Taken together, some cytokines are up-regulated and others are down-regulated after exposure to whole-cell P. gingivalis. Moreover, study of host responses during periodontal infection may offer critical key insight that contribute to the development of atopy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: We introduced and explained the potential role of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in systemic immune responses, along with its virulence factor inside the oral cavity. Our results consider several changes and differences of cytokines and immunoglobulins following whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis exposure. However, results of the study need to be interpreted with caution due to its limitations. CAPSULE SUMMARY: Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 had been found increase after exposure to the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, whereas no or minimal change had been found in the level of IL-17F, Ig-G4, and IFN-γ. The various cytokines and immunoglobulins shown in this study do not prove a causal relationship, and the precise role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the regulation of atopic immune response warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, these findings may provide some critical key insight into the host responses following Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Cornelia Nelwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | | | - Anang Endaryanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Asti Meizarini
- Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Udijanto Tedjosasongko
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Seno Pradopo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Haryono Utomo
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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