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Ding J, Chen P, Qi C. Circadian rhythm regulation in the immune system. Immunology 2024; 171:525-533. [PMID: 38158836 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are a ubiquitous feature in nearly all living organisms, representing oscillatory patterns with a 24-h cycle that are widespread across various physiological processes. Circadian rhythms regulate a multitude of physiological systems, including the immune system. At the molecular level, most immune cells autonomously express clock-regulating genes, which play critical roles in regulating immune cell functions. These functions encompass migration, phagocytic activity, immune cell metabolism (such as mitochondrial structural function and metabolism), signalling pathway activation, inflammatory responses, innate immune recognition, and adaptive immune processes (including vaccine responses and pathogen clearance). The endogenous circadian clock orchestrates multifaceted rhythmicity within the immune system, optimizing immune surveillance and responsiveness; this bears significant implications for maintaining immune homeostasis and resilience against diseases. This work provides an overview of circadian rhythm regulation within the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Laboratory of Oncology, Basic Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (5+3 Integrated), The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Basic Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, China
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Lin Y, He L, Cai Y, Wang X, Wang S, Li F. The role of circadian clock in regulating cell functions: implications for diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e504. [PMID: 38469551 PMCID: PMC10925886 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system orchestrates daily behavioral and physiological rhythms, facilitating adaptation to environmental and internal oscillations. Disruptions in circadian rhythms have been linked to increased susceptibility to various diseases and can exacerbate existing conditions. This review delves into the intricate regulation of diurnal gene expression and cell function by circadian clocks across diverse tissues. . Specifically, we explore the rhythmicity of gene expressions, behaviors, and functions in both immune and non-immune cells, elucidating the regulatory effects and mechanisms imposed by circadian clocks. A detailed discussion is centered on elucidating the complex functions of circadian clocks in regulating key cellular signaling pathways. We further review the circadian regulation in diverse diseases, with a focus on inflammatory diseases, cancers, and systemic diseases. By highlighting the intimate interplay between circadian clocks and diseases, especially through clock-controlled cell function, this review contributes to the development of novel disease intervention strategies. This enhanced understanding holds significant promise for the design of targeted therapies that can exploit the circadian regulation mechanisms for improved treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Lin
- Infectious Diseases InstituteGuangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCRCure Biopharma Technology Co., Ltd.GuangzhouChina
| | | | - Yuting Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of PharmacyShenzhen Longhua District Central HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Feng Li
- Infectious Diseases InstituteGuangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Ramasamy T, Doke M, McLaughlin JP, Samikkannu T. Circadian disruption and psychostimulants dysregulates plasma acute-phase proteins and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100659. [PMID: 37455861 PMCID: PMC10344797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated a close link between the inflammatory response, exacerbated by circadian disruption and psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine (METH). Indicators of this inflammation include cortisol and acute-phase proteins (APPs) like C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3 (C3), and serum amyloid A (SAA). The connection between these inflammation markers and circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been gaining attention. However, the specific influence of cocaine and METH on APP, cortisol, and mtDNA levels in mice with disturbed circadian rhythm has yet to be explored, which is the main aim of this research. Methods In our study, we employed 10-12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, which underwent an imposed 6-h phase advance every six days for a total of eight cycles. This process led to the formation of mice with disrupted circadian rhythm and sleep disorders (CRSD). We administered 11 dosages of cocaine and METH 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively to these CRSD mice over the course of 22 days. Quantitative assessments of CRP, C3, SAA, cortisol, and cell-free circulating mtDNA were conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. Results The experiment revealed that disruption in circadian rhythm alone or cocaine or METH on their own increased CRP, C3, SAA, and cortisol levels in comparison with the control group. CRSD mice, exposed to cocaine and METH, showed a significant rise in CRP, C3, and SAA, while those without exposure remained stable. We also found a reduction in circulating cell-free mtDNA in all CRSD mice, regardless of cocaine and METH exposure. Conclusions The findings of our study affirm that the levels of CRP, C3, SAA, and cortisol, which reflect inflammation, are enhanced by circadian disruption, cocaine, and METH, and these levels show a strong correlation with the content of circulating cell-free mtDNA. Furthermore, it also shows the potential link between the disruption of the circadian clock and the inflammatory response triggered by cocaine and METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamizhselvi Ramasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mayur Doke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thangavel Samikkannu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Yang F, Liu R, He S, Ruan S, He B, Li J, Pan L. Being a morning man has causal effects on the cerebral cortex: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1222551. [PMID: 37547136 PMCID: PMC10400340 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1222551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have suggested a connection between circadian rhythm and neurological disorders with cognitive and consciousness impairments in humans, yet little evidence stands for a causal relationship between circadian rhythm and the brain cortex. Methods The top 10,000 morningness-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were used to filter the instrumental variables. GWAS summary statistics from the ENIGMA Consortium were used to assess the causal relationship between morningness and variates like cortical thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) on the brain cortex. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median (WM) were used as the major estimates whereas MR-Egger, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel-plot were used for heterogeneity and pleiotropy detecting. Results Regionally, morningness decreased SA of the rostral middle frontal gyrus with genomic control (IVW: β = -24.916 mm, 95% CI: -47.342 mm to -2.490 mm, p = 0.029. WM: β = -33.208 mm, 95% CI: -61.933 mm to -4.483 mm, p = 0.023. MR Egger: β < 0) and without genomic control (IVW: β = -24.581 mm, 95% CI: -47.552 mm to -1.609 mm, p = 0.036. WM: β = -32.310 mm, 95% CI: -60.717 mm to -3.902 mm, p = 0.026. MR Egger: β < 0) on a nominal significance, with no heterogeneity or no outliers. Conclusions and implications Circadian rhythm causally affects the rostral middle frontal gyrus; this sheds new light on the potential use of MRI in disease diagnosis, revealing the significance of circadian rhythm on the progression of disease, and might also suggest a fresh therapeutic approach for disorders related to the rostral middle frontal gyrus-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue and Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern China University, Hengyang, China
| | - Sijie Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Binghua He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junda Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Linghui Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue and Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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Time Matters: Importance of Circadian Rhythms, Disruption, and Chronotherapy in Urologic Malignancies. Urology 2023:S0090-4295(23)00052-3. [PMID: 36693529 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The human body was evolutionarily programmed to run on cycles, termed circadian rhythms, which integrate human behavior and bodily function with the environment. Disruptions to these rhythms via desynchronization have been deemed a probable carcinogen by the WHO. Subsequent research has identified alterations in multiple core clock genes when comparing tumor and benign tissues. This review will discuss core clock genes associated with urogenital malignancies and highlight impactful research regarding circadian biology use in treatment. Chronotherapy, treatment alignment with an individual's biological rhythm, remains a relatively untouched field within urology that should be explored to possibly enhance therapeutic outcomes.
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Anliker-Ort M, Dingemanse J, Farine H, Groenen P, Kornberger R, van den Anker J, Kaufmann P. Multiple-ascending doses of ACT-1014-6470, an oral complement factor 5a receptor 1 (C5a 1 receptor) antagonist: Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and target engagement. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:380-389. [PMID: 36000981 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Targeting the complement factor 5a receptor 1 (C5a1 receptor) offers potential to treat various autoimmune diseases. The C5a1 receptor antagonist ACT-1014-6470 was well tolerated in a single-ascending dose study in healthy subjects. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and target engagement of multiple-ascending doses of ACT-1014-6470. METHODS Per dose level, 10 healthy male and female subjects of nonchildbearing potential (1:1 sex ratio) were enrolled to assess 30, 60 and 120 mg ACT-1014-6470 administered twice daily for 4.5 days under fed conditions. Adverse events, clinical laboratory data, vital signs, electrocardiogram and PK blood samples were collected up to 120 h post last dose and ex vivo stimulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 was quantified as target engagement biomarker. At the 60-mg dose level, PK samples were collected until 8 weeks post last dose. RESULTS The total adverse event number was 57 and no treatment-related safety pattern was apparent. At steady state, ACT-1014-6470 reached maximum plasma concentrations after 2-3 h and the half-life estimated up to Day 10 was 115-146 h across dose levels. Exposure parameters increased dose-proportionally, steady state was attained between Day 3-5, and ACT-1014-6470 accumulated 2-fold. At the 60-mg dose level, ACT-1014-6470 was quantifiable until 8 weeks after the last dose. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 release was suppressed to endogenous background concentrations up to the last sampling time point, confirming sustained target engagement of ACT-1014-6470. CONCLUSION The compound was generally safe and well tolerated at all dose levels, warranting further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Anliker-Ort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Farine
- Translational Biomarkers, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Peter Groenen
- Translational Biomarkers, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - John van den Anker
- Paediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Kaufmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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Calvo-Schimmel A, Kober KM, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Harris C, Shin J, Hammer MJ, Conley YP, Dokiparthi V, Olshen A, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Sleep disturbance is associated with perturbations in immune-inflammatory pathways in oncology outpatients undergoing chemotherapy. Sleep Med 2023; 101:305-315. [PMID: 36470166 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a common problem in patients receiving chemotherapy. Purpose was to evaluate for perturbations in immune-inflammatory pathways between oncology patients with low versus very high levels of sleep disturbance. PATIENTS/METHODS Sleep disturbance was evaluated using the General Sleep Disturbance Scale six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct sleep disturbance profiles. Pathway impact analyses were performed in two independent samples using gene expression data obtained from RNA sequencing (n = 198) and microarray (n = 162) technologies. Fisher's combined probability test was used to identify significantly perturbed pathways between Low versus Very High sleep disturbance classes. RESULTS In the RNA sequencing and microarray samples, 59.1% and 51.9% of patients were in the Very High sleep disturbance class, respectively. Thirteen perturbed pathways were related to immune-inflammatory mechanisms (i.e., endocytosis, phagosome, antigen processing and presentation, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling, Th17 cell differentiation, intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production, T-cell receptor signaling, complement and coagulation cascades, and tumor necrosis factor signaling). CONCLUSIONS First study to identify perturbations in immune-inflammatory pathways associated with very high levels of sleep disturbance in oncology outpatients. Findings suggest that complex immune-inflammatory interactions underlie sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Calvo-Schimmel
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kord M Kober
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Steven M Paul
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Carolyn Harris
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Joosun Shin
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Vasuda Dokiparthi
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Adam Olshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Classical complement pathway factor alterations in narcolepsy. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 34:212-219. [PMID: 35034679 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2021.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder long hypothesised to be an autoimmune disease. Complement-mediated immune mechanisms have not been investigated in detail in narcolepsy. Our aim was to establish the significance of classical pathway activation in narcolepsy. METHODS Sera of 42 narcolepsy patients and 26 healthy controls were screened with ELISA to determine the levels of C1q, C3a, C4d and complement component 4 binding protein (C4BP). A home-made ELISA method was developed to detect antibodies to C4BP-alpha (anti-C4BPA). The correlation between complement levels and clinical findings was examined. RESULTS C1q levels were significantly higher in narcolepsy patients while C4d and C4BP levels were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. C3a levels were comparable among patients and controls. Eleven narcolepsy patients showed serum anti-C4BPA levels. Total rapid eye movements (REM) time, sleep onset latency, REM sleep latency, sleep activity, percentage of wakefulness after sleep onset and Epworth sleepiness scale scores were correlated with levels of different complement factors. CONCLUSION Complement-mediated immune mechanisms might partake in narcolepsy pathogenesis. The precise role of autoantibodies on complement level alterations needs to be investigated. Levels of complement factors and degradation products may potentially be utilised as biomarkers to predict the clinical severity of narcolepsy.
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Proteome profile of patients with excellent and poor speech intelligibility after cochlear implantation: Can perilymph proteins predict performance? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263765. [PMID: 35239655 PMCID: PMC8893673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern proteomic analysis and reliable surgical access to gain liquid inner ear biopsies have enabled in depth molecular characterization of the cochlea microenvironment. In order to clarify whether the protein composition of the perilymph can provide new insights into individual hearing performance after cochlear implantation (CI), computational analysis in correlation to clinical performance after CI were performed based on the proteome profile derived from perilymph samples (liquid biopsies). Perilymph samples from cochlear implant recipients have been analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The proteins were identified using the shot-gun proteomics method and quantified and analyzed using Max Quant, Perseus and IPA software. A total of 75 perilymph samples from 68 (adults and children) patients were included in the analysis. Speech perception data one year after implantation were available for 45 patients and these were used for subsequent analysis. According to their hearing performance, patients with excellent (n = 22) and poor (n = 14) performance one year after CI were identified and used for further analysis. The protein composition and statistically significant differences in the two groups were detected by relative quantification of the perilymph proteins. With this procedure, a selection of 287 proteins were identified in at least eight samples in both groups. In the perilymph of the patients with excellent and poor performance, five and six significantly elevated proteins were identified respectively. These proteins seem to be involved in different immunological processes in excellent and poor performer. Further analysis on the role of specific proteins as predictors for poor or excellent performance among CI recipients are mandatory. Combinatory analysis of molecular inner ear profiles and clinical performance data using bioinformatics analysis may open up new possibilities for patient stratification. The impact of such prediction algorithms on diagnosis and treatment needs to be established in further studies.
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Ebersole JL, Gonzalez OA. Mucosal circadian rhythm pathway genes altered by aging and periodontitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275199. [PMID: 36472983 PMCID: PMC9725147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As circadian processes can impact the immune system and are affected by infections and inflammation, this study examined the expression of circadian rhythm genes in periodontitis. METHODS Macaca mulatta were used with naturally-occurring and ligature-induced periodontitis. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from healthy, diseased, and resolved sites in four groups: young (≤3 years), adolescent (3-7 years), adult (12-26) and aged (18-23 years). Microarrays targeted circadian rhythm (n = 42), inflammation/tissue destruction (n = 11), bone biology (n = 8) and hypoxia pathway (n = 7) genes. RESULTS The expression of many circadian rhythm genes, across functional components of the pathway, was decreased in healthy tissues from younger and aged animals, as well as showing significant decreases with periodontitis. Negative correlations of the circadian rhythm gene levels with inflammatory mediators and tissue destructive/remodeling genes were particularly accentuated in disease. A dominance of positive correlations with hypoxia genes was observed, except HIF1A, that was uniformly negatively correlated in health, disease and resolution. CONCLUSIONS The chronic inflammation of periodontitis exhibits an alteration of the circadian rhythm pathway, predominantly via decreased gene expression. Thus, variation in disease expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease may be altered due to changes in regulation of the circadian rhythm pathway functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Nevada, Nevada Las Vegas
- * E-mail:
| | - Octavio A. Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Xuan W, Khan F, James CD, Heimberger AB, Lesniak MS, Chen P. Circadian regulation of cancer cell and tumor microenvironment crosstalk. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:940-950. [PMID: 34272133 PMCID: PMC8526375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate a remarkable variety of physiologic functions in living organisms. Circadian disruption is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression through effects on cancer cell biological properties, including proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, and stemness. Emerging evidence indicates that circadian clocks also play an influential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review outlines recent discoveries on how cancer cell clock components (including circadian clock and clock genes/proteins) regulate TME biology and, reciprocally, how TME clock components affect tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic response. An improved understanding of how clock components regulate the symbiosis between cancer cells and the TME will inform the development of novel clock-oriented therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xuan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Al-Muraikhy S, Ramanjaneya M, Dömling AS, Bettahi I, Donati F, Botre F, Abou-Samra AB, Sellami M, Elrayess MA. High Endurance Elite Athletes Show Age-dependent Lower Levels of Circulating Complements Compared to Low/Moderate Endurance Elite Athletes. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:715035. [PMID: 34631796 PMCID: PMC8494969 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.715035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aerobic exercise activates the complement system in the peripheral blood. However, the effect of age and high intensity endurance training on the levels of circulating complements and sassociated inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and cellular aging remains unknown. Methods: In this study, serum samples from 79 elite athletes who belong to high (n = 48) and low/moderate (n = 31) endurance sports and two age groups (below 30 years old, n = 53, and above 30 years old, n = 26) were profiled for 14 complements. Linear models were used to assess differences in complements levels between sport and age groups. Spearmann’s correlation was used to assess the relationship among detected complements and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and telomere lengths. Results: High endurance elite athletes exhibited significantly lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin complements than their age-matched low/moderate endurance counterparts. Levels of C2, adipsin and C3b/iC3b were positively correlated with most detected complements, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-22 and the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase. However, they were negatively correlated with telomere length only in younger elite athletes regardless of their sport groups. Furthermore, high endurance elite athletes showed significantly lower concentrations of C3b/iC3b, C4b, C5, C5a, C1q, C3, C4, factor H and properdin in younger athletes compared to their older counterparts. Conclusion: Our novel data suggest that high endurance elite athletes exhibit age-independent lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin, associated with lower inflammatory, oxidative stress and cellular aging, as well as lower levels of 10 other complements in younger athletes compared to older counterparts. Assessing the effect of various levels of endurance sports on complements-based immune response provides a better understanding of exercise physiology and pathophysiology of elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Al-Muraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ilham Bettahi
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botre
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Sengupta S, Ince L, Sartor F, Borrmann H, Zhuang X, Naik A, Curtis A, McKeating JA. Clocks, Viruses, and Immunity: Lessons for the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:23-34. [PMID: 33480287 PMCID: PMC7970201 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420987669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are evolutionarily conserved anticipatory systems that
allow the host to prepare and respond to threats in its environment.
This article summarizes a European Biological Rhythms Society (EBRS)
workshop held in July 2020 to review current knowledge of the
interplay between the circadian clock and viral infections to inform
therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. A large body
of work supports the role of the circadian clock in regulating various
aspects of viral replication, host responses, and associated
pathogenesis. We review the evidence describing the multifaceted role
of the circadian clock, spanning host susceptibility, antiviral
mechanisms, and host resilience. Finally, we define the most pressing
research questions and how our knowledge of chronobiology can inform
key translational research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaon Sengupta
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Louise Ince
- Departement de Pathologie et Immunologie, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Sartor
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amruta Naik
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annie Curtis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Liu JA, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Disruptions of Circadian Rhythms and Thrombolytic Therapy During Ischemic Stroke Intervention. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675732. [PMID: 34177452 PMCID: PMC8222607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several endogenous and exogenous factors interact to influence stroke occurrence, in turn contributing to discernable daily distribution patterns in the frequency and severity of cerebrovascular events. Specifically, strokes that occur during the morning tend to be more severe and are associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure, increased hospital stay, and worse outcomes, including mortality, compared to strokes that occur later in the day. Furthermore, disrupted circadian rhythms are linked to higher risk for stroke and play a role in stroke outcome. In this review, we discuss the interrelation among core clock genes and several factors contributing to ischemic outcomes, sources of disrupted circadian rhythms, the implications of disrupted circadian rhythms in foundational stroke scientific literature, followed by a review of clinical implications. In addition to highlighting the distinct daily pattern of onset, several aspects of physiology including immune response, endothelial/vascular and blood brain barrier function, and fibrinolysis are under circadian clock regulation; disrupted core clock gene expression patterns can adversely affect these physiological processes, leading to a prothrombotic state. Lastly, we discuss how the timing of ischemic onset increases morning resistance to thrombolytic therapy and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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16
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Barnum SR, Bubeck D, Schein TN. Soluble Membrane Attack Complex: Biochemistry and Immunobiology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585108. [PMID: 33240274 PMCID: PMC7683570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC, a.k.a., sC5b-9 or TCC) is generated on activation of complement and contains the complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9 together with the regulatory proteins clusterin and/or vitronectin. sMAC is a member of the MACPF/cholesterol-dependent-cytolysin superfamily of pore-forming molecules that insert into lipid bilayers and disrupt cellular integrity and function. sMAC is a unique complement activation macromolecule as it is comprised of several different subunits. To date no complement-mediated function has been identified for sMAC. sMAC is present in blood and other body fluids under homeostatic conditions and there is abundant evidence documenting changes in sMAC levels during infection, autoimmune disease and trauma. Despite decades of scientific interest in sMAC, the mechanisms regulating its formation in healthy individuals and its biological functions in both health and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we review the structural differences between sMAC and its membrane counterpart, MAC, and examine sMAC immunobiology with respect to its presence in body fluids in health and disease. Finally, we discuss the diagnostic potential of sMAC for diagnostic and prognostic applications and potential utility as a companion diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doryen Bubeck
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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