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Fasogbon IV, Ondari EN, Deusdedit T, Rangasamy L, Krishnan S, Aja PM. Point-of-care potentials of lateral flow-based field screening for Mycoplasma bovis infections: a literature review. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae034. [PMID: 38835856 PMCID: PMC11147795 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) field screening for tools for Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is still lacking due to the requirement for a simple, robust field-applicable test that does not entail specialized laboratory equipment. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this review identifies the methodologies that were retrieved based on our search strategy that have been reported for the diagnosis of m. bovis infection between 2014 and diagnostics. A search criterion was generated to curate 103 articles, which were reduced in number (to 46), following the screening guidelines of PRISMA. The 43 articles included in the study present 25 different assay methods. The assay methods were grouped as microbiological culture, serological assay, PCR-based assay, LAMP-based assay, NGS-based assay, or lateral flow assay. We, however, focus our discussion on the three lateral flow-based assays relative to others, highlighting the advantages they present above the other techniques and their potential applicability as a POC diagnostic test for M. bovis infections. We therefore call for further research on developing a lateral flow-based screening tool that could revolutionize the diagnosis of M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilemobayo V Fasogbon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi 41201, Uganda
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Erick N Ondari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii 40200, Kenya
| | - Tusubira Deusdedit
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara 40301, Uganda
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Patrick M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi 41201, Uganda
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Lian Y, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Wu M, Huang B, Xiao L, Shi K, Li P, Cong F, Wang H. The establishment of a recombinase polymerase amplification technique for the detection of mouse poxvirus. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:256. [PMID: 38053140 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is the causative agent of mousepox in mice. In the past century, ECTV was a serious threat to laboratory mouse colonies worldwide. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), which is widely used in virus detection, is an isothermal amplification method. RESULTS In this study, a probe-based RPA detection method was established for rapid and sensitive detection of ECTV.Primers were designed for the highly conserved region of the crmD gene, the main core protein of recessive poxvirus, and standard plasmids were constructed. The lowest detection limit of the ECTV RT- RPA assay was 100 copies of DNA mol-ecules per reaction. In addition, the method showed high specificity and did not cross-react with other common mouse viruses.Therefore, the practicability of the RPA method in the field was confirmed by the detection of 135 clinical samples. The real-time RPA assay was very similar to the ECTV real-time PCR assay, with 100% agreement. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this RPA assay offers a novel alternative for the simple, sensitive, and specific identification of ECTV, especially in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiao Lian
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring instituteand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring instituteand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Yujun Zhu
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring instituteand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Miaoli Wu
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring instituteand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Bihong Huang
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring instituteand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring instituteand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Kehang Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peide Li
- Wenzhou Engineering Research Center of Pet, Department of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, China.
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong laboratory animals monitoring instituteand Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China.
| | - Huanan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Okella H, Tonooka K, Okello E. A Systematic Review of the Recent Techniques Commonly Used in the Diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis in Dairy Cattle. Pathogens 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 37764986 PMCID: PMC10535753 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of Mycoplasmal mastitis is greatly hampered by late seroconversion, slow growth of Mycoplasma organisms, intermittent shedding, and the high cost of diagnostic tests. To improve future diagnostic development, examining the available techniques is necessary. Accordingly, the present study systematically reviewed M. bovis diagnostic studies published between January 2000 and April 2023 utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The protocol registration was performed according to the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ug79h), and the electronic search was conducted in the World Catalog, Mendeley, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Google Scholar, Prime Scholar, and PubMed Central databases using a Boolean operator and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 1194 pieces of literature retrieved, 67 studies were included. Four broad categories of up to 16 diagnostic approaches were reported: microbial culture, serological, DNA-based, and mass spectrometry. Overall, DNA-based techniques were the most published (48.0%), with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as the most promising user-friendly, equipment-free techniques. On the other hand, mass spectrometry was reported as the least utilized (2.9%) given the high equipment cost. Though costly and laboratory-allied, DNA-based techniques, particularly PCRs, were reported as the most rapid and specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedmon Okella
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Karen Tonooka
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Jaramillo D, Foxwell J, Burrows L, Snell A. Mycoplasma bovis testing for the screening of semen imported into New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36866578 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the fitness of three PCR assays for the detection of Mycoplasma bovis in dilute (extended) bovine semen, and a reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) adaptation as a proxy for viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercial kit-based methods for nucleic acid extraction were compared to test for the presence of PCR inhibitors in nucleic acid extracted from undiluted and diluted semen. Then, analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity, and diagnostic specificity of two real-time PCR and one conventional PCR were evaluated for the detection of M. bovis DNA in semen and compared against microbial culture. Furthermore, an RT-PCR was adapted to detect RNA only and tested on viable and non-viable M. bovis to establish its ability to discriminate between the two. RESULTS No significant PCR inhibition was detected from the dilute semen. All DNA extraction methods except one were equivalent, regardless of semen dilution. The analytical sensitivity of the real-time PCR assays was estimated as 45.6 cfu per 200 µL semen straw (2.2 × 102 cfu/mL). The conventional PCR was 10 times less sensitive. No cross-reactivity was observed for the real-time PCR for any of the bacteria tested and the diagnostic specificity was estimated as 100 (95% CI = 94.04-100) %. The RT-PCR was poor in distinguishing between viable and non-viable M. bovis. The mean quantification cycle (Cq) values for RNA extracted from different treatments to kill M. bovis remained unchanged 0-48 hours after inactivation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The real-time PCR were fit for the purpose of screening dilute semen for the detection of M. bovis to prevent incursion via importation of infected semen. The real-time PCR assays can be used interchangeably. The RT-PCR could not reliably indicate the viability of M. bovis. Based on the results from this study, a protocol and guidelines have been produced for laboratories elsewhere that wish to test bovine semen for M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jaramillo
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - J Foxwell
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - L Burrows
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - A Snell
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
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Zhu B, Hu J, Li X, Li X, Wang L, Fan S, Jin X, Wang K, Zhao W, Zhu W, Chen C, Wang Z, Lu Y. Rapid and specific detection of Enterococcus faecalis with a visualized isothermal amplification method. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991849. [PMID: 36171761 PMCID: PMC9510690 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a serious problem for hospitals and can spread from patient to patient. Most of the current detection methods are associated with limitations associated with the need for trained personnel; they are also time-consuming. Thus, it is necessary to develop rapid and accurate detection methods to control the spread of E. faecalis. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate detection method for E. faecalis using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral flow strip (LFS). This method could be completed in approximately 35 min at 37°C. The limit of detection was 10 CFU/µL, irrespective of whether the templates were pure or complex. This method also showed good specificity and compatibility. In total, 278 clinical samples were tested using the RPA-LFS method; the detection accuracy was equal to that of the conventional qPCR method. This visualized isothermal amplification method could be useful for the future on-site detection of E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University), Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shihui Fan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Zhu, ; Cheng Chen, ; Zilu Wang, ; Yingzhi Lu,
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University), Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Zhu, ; Cheng Chen, ; Zilu Wang, ; Yingzhi Lu,
| | - Zilu Wang
- Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Zhu, ; Cheng Chen, ; Zilu Wang, ; Yingzhi Lu,
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University), Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Zhu, ; Cheng Chen, ; Zilu Wang, ; Yingzhi Lu,
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Liu Y, Liu L, Wang J, Sun X, Gao Y, Yuan W, Wang J, Li R. Rapid detection of bovine rotavirus a by isothermal reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:339. [PMID: 36076203 PMCID: PMC9453720 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine rotavirus A (BRVA) is considered to be the most common pathogen of severe diarrhea in cattle worldwide, which could lead to the death of newborn calves and cause the significant economic losses to the cattle industry. As a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has been applied widely for the rapid detection of different important pathogens in human and animals. Results An RT-RPA assay based on the real time fluorescence monitoring (real-time RT-RPA) and an RT-RPA assay combined with a lateral flow strip (LFS RT-RPA) were successfully developed by targeting the VP6 gene of BRVA. The RT-RPA assays allowed the exponential amplification of the target fragment in 20 min. After incubation of the LFS RT-RPA on a metal bath at 40 °C, the results were displayed on the lateral flow strip within 5 min, while real-time RT-RPA allowed the real-time observation of the results in Genie III at 42 °C. Both of the two assays showed high specificity for BRVA without any cross-reaction with the other tested pathogens causing diarrhea in cattle. With the standard RNA of BRVA serving as a template, the limit of detection for real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA were 1.4 × 102 copies per reaction and 1.4 × 101 copies per reaction, respectively. In the 134 fecal samples collected from cattle with diarrhea, the BRVA positive rate were 45.52% (61/134) and 46.27% (62/134) in real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA, respectively. Compared to a previously published real-time PCR, the real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA showed a diagnostic specificity of 100%, diagnostic sensitivity of 98.39% and 100%, and a kappa coefficient of 0.985 and 1.0, respectively. Conclusions In this study, BRVA was successfully detected in cattle fecal samples by the developed real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA assays. The developed RT-RPA assays had great potential for the rapid detection of BRVA in under-equipped diagnostic laboratory and the point-of-need diagnosis at quarantine stations and farms, which is of great importance to control BRVA-associated diarrhea in cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Liu
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, No.318 Heping Xi Lu, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, No.318 Heping Xi Lu, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, No.318 Heping Xi Lu, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, No.318 Heping Xi Lu, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No.2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China.
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