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Bacher J, Lali N, Steiner F, Jungbauer A. Cytokines as fast indicator of infectious virus titer during process development. J Biotechnol 2024; 383:55-63. [PMID: 38325657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Measuring infectious titer is the most time-consuming method during the production and process development of live viruses. Conventionally, it is done by measuring the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) or plaque forming units (pfu) in cell-based assays. Such assays require a time span of more than a week to the readout and significantly slow down process development. In this study, we utilized the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of a Vero production cell line to a recombinant measles vaccine virus (MVV) as model system for rapidly determining infectious virus titer within several hours after infection instead of one week. Cytokines are immunostimulatory proteins contributing to the first line of defence against virus infection. The probed cytokines in this study were MCP-1 and RANTES, which are secreted in a virus dose as well as time dependent manner and correlate to TCID50 over a concentration range of several logarithmic levels with R2 = 0.86 and R2 = 0.83, respectively. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of the cells was specific for infectious virus particles and not evoked with filtered virus seed. We also discovered that individual cytokine candidates may be more suitable for off- or at-line analysis, depending on the secretion profile as well as their sensitivity towards changing process conditions. Furthermore, the method can be applied to follow a purification procedure and is therefore suited for process development and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bacher
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Narges Lali
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Steiner
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Haas A, Chung J, Kent C, Mills B, McCoy M. Vertebral Subluxation and Systems Biology: An Integrative Review Exploring the Salutogenic Influence of Chiropractic Care on the Neuroendocrine-Immune System. Cureus 2024; 16:e56223. [PMID: 38618450 PMCID: PMC11016242 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper we synthesize an expansive body of literature examining the multifaceted influence of chiropractic care on processes within and modulators of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system, for the purpose of generating an inductive hypothesis regarding the potential impacts of chiropractic care on integrated physiology. Taking a broad, interdisciplinary, and integrative view of two decades of research-documented outcomes of chiropractic care, inclusive of reports ranging from systematic and meta-analysis and randomized and observational trials to case and cohort studies, this review encapsulates a rigorous analysis of research and suggests the appropriateness of a more integrative perspective on the impact of chiropractic care on systemic physiology. A novel perspective on the salutogenic, health-promoting effects of chiropractic adjustment is presented, focused on the improvement of physical indicators of well-being and adaptability such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, and sleep, potential benefits that may be facilitated through multiple neurologically mediated pathways. Our findings support the biological plausibility of complex benefits from chiropractic intervention that is not limited to simple neuromusculoskeletal outcomes and open new avenues for future research, specifically the exploration and mapping of the precise neural pathways and networks influenced by chiropractic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Haas
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Christopher Kent
- Research, Sherman College, Spartanburg, USA
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Brooke Mills
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Matthew McCoy
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
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El Hajj W, El Khatib N, Volpert V. Inflammation propagation modeled as a reaction-diffusion wave. Math Biosci 2023; 365:109074. [PMID: 37689347 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process aimed to protect the organism in various diseases and injuries. This work presents a generic inflammation model based on the reaction-diffusion equations for the concentrations of uninflamed cells, inflamed cells, immune cells and the inflammatory cytokines. The analysis of the model shows the existence of three different regimes of inflammation progression depending on the value of a parameter R called the inflammation number. If R>1, then inflammation propagates in cell culture or tissue as a reaction-diffusion wave due to diffusion of inflammatory cytokines produced by inflamed cells. If 0
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Affiliation(s)
- W El Hajj
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - N El Khatib
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - V Volpert
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
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4
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Olivença DV, Davis JD, Kumbale CM, Zhao CY, Brown SP, McCarty NA, Voit EO. Mathematical models of cystic fibrosis as a systemic disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1625. [PMID: 37544654 PMCID: PMC10843793 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is widely known as a disease of the lung, even though it is in truth a systemic disease, whose symptoms typically manifest in gastrointestinal dysfunction first. CF ultimately impairs not only the pancreas and intestine but also the lungs, gonads, liver, kidneys, bones, and the cardiovascular system. It is caused by one of several mutations in the gene of the epithelial ion channel protein CFTR. Intense research and improved antimicrobial treatments during the past eight decades have steadily increased the predicted life expectancy of a person with CF (pwCF) from a few weeks to over 50 years. Moreover, several drugs ameliorating the sequelae of the disease have become available in recent years, and notable treatments of the root cause of the disease have recently generated substantial improvements in health for some but not all pwCF. Yet, numerous fundamental questions remain unanswered. Complicating CF, for instance in the lung, is the fact that the associated insufficient chloride secretion typically perturbs the electrochemical balance across epithelia and, in the airways, leads to the accumulation of thick, viscous mucus and mucus plaques that cannot be cleared effectively and provide a rich breeding ground for a spectrum of bacterial and fungal communities. The subsequent infections often become chronic and respond poorly to antibiotic treatments, with outcomes sometimes only weakly correlated with the drug susceptibility of the target pathogen. Furthermore, in contrast to rapidly resolved acute infections with a single target pathogen, chronic infections commonly involve multi-species bacterial communities, called "infection microbiomes," that develop their own ecological and evolutionary dynamics. It is presently impossible to devise mathematical models of CF in its entirety, but it is feasible to design models for many of the distinct drivers of the disease. Building upon these growing yet isolated modeling efforts, we discuss in the following the feasibility of a multi-scale modeling framework, known as template-and-anchor modeling, that allows the gradual integration of refined sub-models with different granularity. The article first reviews the most important biomedical aspects of CF and subsequently describes mathematical modeling approaches that already exist or have the potential to deepen our understanding of the multitude aspects of the disease and their interrelationships. The conceptual ideas behind the approaches proposed here do not only pertain to CF but are translatable to other systemic diseases. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Computational Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Olivença
- Center for Engineering Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jacob D. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carla M. Kumbale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Conan Y. Zhao
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Samuel P. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nael A. McCarty
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eberhard O. Voit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Nikaein N, Tuerxun K, Cedersund G, Eklund D, Kruse R, Särndahl E, Nånberg E, Thonig A, Repsilber D, Persson A, Nyman E. Mathematical models disentangle the role of IL-10 feedbacks in human monocytes upon proinflammatory activation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105205. [PMID: 37660912 PMCID: PMC10556785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the vital mechanisms through which the immune system responds to harmful stimuli. During inflammation, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines interplay to orchestrate fine-tuned and dynamic immune responses. The cytokine interplay governs switches in the inflammatory response and dictates the propagation and development of the inflammatory response. Molecular pathways underlying the interplay are complex, and time-resolved monitoring of mediators and cytokines is necessary as a basis to study them in detail. Our understanding can be advanced by mathematical models that enable to analyze the system of interactions and their dynamical interplay in detail. We, therefore, used a mathematical modeling approach to study the interplay between prominent proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with a focus on tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide-primed primary human monocytes. Relevant time-resolved data were generated by experimentally adding or blocking IL-10 at different time points. The model was successfully trained and could predict independent validation data and was further used to perform simulations to disentangle the role of IL-10 feedbacks during an acute inflammatory event. We used the insight to obtain a reduced predictive model including only the necessary IL-10-mediated feedbacks. Finally, the validated reduced model was used to predict early IL-10-tumor necrosis factor switches in the inflammatory response. Overall, we gained detailed insights into fine-tuning of inflammatory responses in human monocytes and present a model for further use in studying the complex and dynamic process of cytokine-regulated acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Nikaein
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Kedeye Tuerxun
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Cedersund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eewa Nånberg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Antje Thonig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elin Nyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Parra-Llorca A, Pinilla-Gonzlez A, Torrejón-Rodríguez L, Lara-Cantón I, Kuligowski J, Collado MC, Gormaz M, Aguar M, Vento M, Serna E, Cernada M. Effects of Sepsis on Immune Response, Microbiome and Oxidative Metabolism in Preterm Infants. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030602. [PMID: 36980160 PMCID: PMC10046958 DOI: 10.3390/children10030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This is a narrative review about the mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis in preterm infants, which is an illness with a high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The role of the innate immune response and its relationship with oxidative stress in the pathogenesis are described as well as their potential implementation as early biomarkers. Moreover, we address the impact that all the mechanisms triggered by sepsis have on the dysbiosis and the changes on neonatal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parra-Llorca
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pinilla-Gonzlez
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Torrejón-Rodríguez
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Lara-Cantón
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Gormaz
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Aguar
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cernada
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Erickson P, Doshi A, Jetley G, Amin P, Mejevdiwala A, Patel A, Bento R, Parekkadan B. Multi-Stream Perfusion Bioreactor Integrated with Outlet Fractionation for Dynamic Cell Culture. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63935. [PMID: 35938803 PMCID: PMC9631111 DOI: 10.3791/63935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain cell and tissue functions operate within the dynamic time scale of minutes to hours that are poorly resolved by conventional culture systems. This work has developed a low-cost perfusion bioreactor system that allows culture medium to be continuously perfused into a cell culture module and fractionated in a downstream module to measure dynamics on this scale. The system is constructed almost entirely from commercially available parts and can be parallelized to conduct independent experiments in conventional multi-well cell culture plates simultaneously. This video article demonstrates how to assemble the base setup, which requires only a single multichannel syringe pump and a modified fraction collector to perfuse up to six cultures in parallel. Useful variants on the modular design are also presented that allow for controlled stimulation dynamics, such as solute pulses or pharmacokinetic-like profiles. Importantly, as solute signals travel through the system, they are distorted due to solute dispersion. Furthermore, a method for measuring the residence time distributions (RTDs) of the components of the perfusion setup with a tracer using MATLAB is described. RTDs are useful to calculate how solute signals are distorted by the flow in the multi-compartment system. This system is highly robust and reproducible, so basic researchers can easily adopt it without the need for specialized fabrication facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Erickson
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University
| | - Aneesha Doshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University
| | - Gunjan Jetley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University
| | - Param Amin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University
| | | | - Ashna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University
| | - Raphaela Bento
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University; Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences;
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