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Chen Q, Liu M, Guo H, Wang K, Liu J, Wang Y, Lin Y, Li J, Li P, Yang L, Jia L, Yang J, Li P, Song H. Altered Respiratory Microbiomes, Plasma Metabolites, and Immune Responses in Influenza A Virus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0524722. [PMID: 37318361 PMCID: PMC10433956 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05247-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coinfection causes severe respiratory infections. The host microbiome plays an important role in respiratory tract infections. However, the relationships among the immune responses, metabolic characteristics, and respiratory microbial characteristics of IAV-MRSA coinfection have not been fully studied. We used specific-pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6N mice infected with IAV and MRSA to build a nonlethal model of IAV-MRSA coinfection and characterized the upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiomes at 4 and 13 days postinfection by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Immune response and plasma metabolism profile analyses were performed at 4 days postinfection by flow cytometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The relationships among the LRT microbiota, the immune response, and the plasma metabolism profile were analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis. IAV-MRSA coinfection showed significant weight loss and lung injury and significantly increased loads of IAV and MRSA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Microbiome data showed that coinfection significantly increased the relative abundances of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and decreased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus murinus. The percentages of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and B cells in the spleen; the levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-8 in the lung; and the level of mevalonolactone in plasma were increased in IAV-MRSA-coinfected mice. L. murinus was positively correlated with lung macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, negatively correlated with spleen B cells and CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and correlated with multiple plasma metabolites. Future research is needed to clarify whether L. murinus mediates or alters the severity of IAV-MRSA coinfection. IMPORTANCE The respiratory microbiome plays an important role in respiratory tract infections. In this study, we characterized the URT and LRT microbiota, the host immune response, and plasma metabolic profiles during IAV-MRSA coinfection and evaluated their correlations. We observed that IAV-MRSA coinfection induced severe lung injury and dysregulated host immunity and plasma metabolic profiles, as evidenced by the aggravation of lung pathological damage, the reduction of innate immune cells, the strong adaptation of the immune response, and the upregulation of mevalonolactone in plasma. L. murinus was strongly correlated with immune cells and plasma metabolites. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of the host microbiome in respiratory tract infections and identified a key bacterial species, L. murinus, that may provide important references for the development of probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Manjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanfeng Lin
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peihan Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Leili Jia
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Cheng YH, Li HK, Yao CA, Huang JY, Sung YT, Chung SD, Chien CT. Negative air ions through the action of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis ameliorate lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury and promote diabetic wound healing in rat. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275748. [PMID: 36288391 PMCID: PMC9604953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative air ions (NAIs) being bioactive and negative charged molecules may confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We assessed the effect of NAIs on two inflammatory diseases in animal models including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) and wound healing in diabetic rats. We used intra-tracheal infusion of LPS to induce ALI and made a full-thickness cutaneous wound in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female Wistar rats. We evaluated NAIs effects on reactive oxygen species amount, leukocyte infiltration, wound healing rate, western blot, and immunohistochemistry in the lungs of ALI and skin sections of wounds. Our data found NAIs exposed saline displayed higher antioxidant activity vs. non-exposed saline. NAIs exposure did not significantly affect arterial blood pressure and respiratory frequency in control and LPS treated groups. LPS increased leukocyte infiltration, caspase 3/Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase-mediated apoptosis formation and decreased Beclin-1/LC3-II-mediated autophagy in lungs. NAIs exposure conferred pulmonary protection by depressed leukocyte infiltration and caspase 3/Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase mediated apoptosis and enhanced LC3-II-mediated autophagy in LPS induced ALI. NAIs treatment resulted in a significantly accelerated wound closure rate, decreased erythrocyte accumulation and leukocyte infiltration mediated oxidative stress and inflammation, and upregulated expression of skin collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and factor transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) vs non-treated group. Based on these results, it is suggested that NAIs conferred a protection through the upregulating LC3-II-dependent autophagy mechanism and downregulating leukocyte infiltration mediated inflammation and caspase 3/Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase signaling in the LPS-treated ALI and promoted diabetic wound healing through the enhancing skin collagen synthesis, VEGFR-2 and TGF-β1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Keng Li
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Yao
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ying Huang
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Sung
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Dong Chung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Healthcare & Management, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CTC); (SDC)
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CTC); (SDC)
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Cimolai N. Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS-CoV-2-specific data. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4654-4668. [PMID: 35758523 PMCID: PMC9350315 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as witnessed early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns arose with the existing methods for virus disinfection and decontamination. The need for SARS-CoV-2-specific data stimulated considerable research in this regard. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 is practically and equally susceptible to approaches for disinfection and decontamination that have been previously found for other human or animal coronaviruses. The latter have included techniques utilizing temperature modulation, pH extremes, irradiation, and chemical treatments. These physicochemical methods are a necessary adjunct to other prevention strategies, given the environmental and patient surface ubiquity of the virus. Classic studies of disinfection have also allowed for extrapolation to the eradication of the virus on human mucosal surfaces by some chemical means. Despite considerable laboratory study, practical field assessments are generally lacking and need to be encouraged to confirm the correlation of interventions with viral eradication and infection prevention. Transparency in the constitution and use of any method or chemical is also essential to furthering practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's and Women's Health Centre of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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