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Kanauchi O, Low ZX, Jounai K, Tsuji R, AbuBakar S. Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1280680. [PMID: 38116008 PMCID: PMC10728489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant global changes and increased public awareness of SARS-CoV-2. Substantial progress in developing vaccines, enhancing sanitation practices, and implementing various measures to combat the virus, including the utilization of probiotics has been made. This comprehensive review examined the medical impact of clinically proven probiotics on infectious diseases, considering three crucial time periods: before (pre-), during (mid-), and after (post-) COVID-19 pandemic era. This review also showed a perspective on the use of probiotics to stimulate the innate immune system and prevent infectious diseases. In pre-COVID-19 era, several probiotic strains were found to be clinically effective in addressing gastrointestinal infectious diseases, the common cold and flu. However, the mechanism by which probiotics exerted their antiviral effects remained relatively unclear during that period. Nevertheless, probiotics, Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma), and others have gained attention for their unique ability to modulate the immune system and demonstrate antiviral properties. While some probiotics have shown promise in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms linked to COVID-19, their direct effectiveness in treating or preventing COVID-19 progression has not yet been conclusively established. As we transition into the post-COVID-19 era, the relationship between COVID-19 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, has been gradually elucidated. These findings are now being applied in developing novel vaccines and treatments involving interferons and in immune activation research using probiotics as adjuvants, comparable to CpG-DNA through TLR9. The role of the local innate immune system, including pDCs, as the first line of defense against viral infections has gained increasing interest. Moving forward, insight of the immune system and the crosstalk between probiotics and the innate immune system is expected to highlight the role of probiotics in adjunctive immunoregulatory therapy. In combination with drug treatments, probiotics may play a more substantial role in enhancing immune responses. The immunoregulatory approach using probiotics such as LC-Plasma, which can induce anti-infectious factors such as interferons, holds promise as a viable therapeutic and prophylactic option against viral infectious diseases due to their good safety profile and protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Zhao Xuan Low
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kenta Jounai
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuji
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tremblay A, Bronner S, Binda S. Review and Perspectives on Bifidobacterium lactis for Infants' and Children's Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2501. [PMID: 37894159 PMCID: PMC10609373 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of microbiota dysbiosis in early life is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for the development of several chronic diseases later in life, including an increased risk of asthma, eczema, allergies, obesity, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The question whether the potential lifelong consequences of early life dysbiosis could be mitigated by restoring microbiota composition remains unresolved. However, the current evidence base suggests that protecting the normal development of the microbiome during this critical developmental window could represent a valuable public health strategy to curb the incidence of chronic and lifestyle-related diseases. Probiotic Bifidobacteria are likely candidates for this purpose in newborns and infants considering the natural dominance of this genus on microbiota composition in early life. Moreover, the most frequently reported microbiota composition alteration in association with newborn and infant diseases, including necrotizing enterocolitis and diarrhea, is a reduction in Bifidobacteria levels. Several studies have assessed the effects of B. animalis subsp. lactis strains in newborns and infants, but recent expert opinions recommend analyzing their efficacy at the strain-specific level. Hence, using the B94 strain as an example, this review summarizes the clinical evidence available in infants and children in various indications, discussing the safety and potential modes of actions while providing perspectives on the concept of "non-infant-type" probiotics for infants' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Tremblay
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Stéphane Bronner
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Sylvie Binda
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (S.B.)
- Lallemand Health Solutions, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, 31702 Toulouse, France
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Wang L, Li L, Wang Z, Zhang P, Zhang J. Gut Microbiota Combined with Metabolomics Reveal the Mechanisms of Sika Deer Antler Protein on Cisplatin-Induced Hepatorenal Injury in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:6463. [PMID: 37764239 PMCID: PMC10537820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic drug, though its adverse effects, particularly its hepatorenal toxicity, limit its long-term application. Sika deer antler is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) documented to possess the capacity for tonifying the kidney and regulating the liver, of which the sika deer antler protein is an important active ingredient. In this study, two protein fractions, SVPr1 and SVPr2, of sika deer antler were purified and administered to mice treated with cisplatin, and serum metabolome and fecal microbiota were measured using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. SVPr1 and SVPr2 significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced liver and kidney injury and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. In addition, SVPr1 and SVPr2 impacted the gut microbiota structure of mice, significantly increasing the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, which deserves to be scrutinized. Moreover, SVPr1 and SVPr2 antagonism of cisplatin-induced hepatorenal injury may be related to the regulation of lysine degradation, tryptophan metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism pathways, significantly altering the levels of L-saccharopine, L-lysine, L-kynurenine, 3-methylindole, xanthurenic acid, riboflavin, and D-ribulose-5-phosphate. A correlation between the differential metabolites and Lactobacillus was identified. These findings increased the knowledge of the gut microbiota-metabolites axis mediated by SVPr1 and SVPr2, and may be able to contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the simultaneous prevention and treatment of liver and kidney injury from cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.W.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (P.Z.)
- School of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.W.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.W.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pu Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.W.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (L.W.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (P.Z.)
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Wu Z, Zhou H, Liu D, Deng F. Alterations in the gut microbiota and the efficacy of adjuvant probiotic therapy in liver cirrhosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218552. [PMID: 37483387 PMCID: PMC10361729 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of various chronic liver diseases (CLDs). The gut microbiota can impact the liver environment and trigger chronic liver inflammation through the gut-liver axis. Alteration of the gut microbiota has become an effective strategy in the biological treatment of cirrhosis. Methods Twenty-eight patients with liver cirrhosis and 16 healthy individuals were included, and fresh stool samples were collected. We analyzed changes in the gut microbiota between groups by 16S rRNA sequencing and evaluated the association between microbiota alterations and hepatic function. Additionally, 102 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into a probiotic group (n=44) and a nonprobiotic group (n=58) in addition to standard treatment for cirrhosis. Patients were monitored for hematological parameters and hepatic function during the six-month follow-up. Results The gut microbiota profile of patients with cirrhosis was greatly different from that of healthy individuals, presenting with significantly reduced α diversity and decreased abundance of representative SCFA-producing bacteria including Firmicutes, Coprococcus and Clostridium IV. The pathogenic bacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Veillonella, and Bacilli were greatly enriched in cirrhotic patients. Additionally, patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DCPC) had a significantly reduced abundance of Oscillibacter compared to compensated cirrhosis (CPC), which is also a SCFA-producing bacteria, and the lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and enhanced MDR values were also shown in DCPC patients compared to CPC patients. In addition, the abundance of Firmicutes was negatively related to hepatic function in cirrhotic patients, including the levels of ALT, AST, and DBIL. From the retrospective study, we found that biochemical improvements in alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were obtained in DCPC patients who received oral probiotic therapy compared with the nonprobiotic group. Conclusion Severe microbial dysbiosis existed in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially patients who reached the decompensatory stage. SCFA-producing bacteria were significantly reduced in cirrhosis. Altered gut microbiota cause changes in functional modules, which may contribute to cirrhosis progression and are associated with clinical prognosis. Adjuvant probiotic supplementation to enhance SCFA-producing bacteria can be a prospective therapy for patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hejun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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