1
|
Price CTD, Hanford HE, Al-Quadan T, Santic M, Shin CJ, Da'as MSJ, Abu Kwaik Y. Amoebae as training grounds for microbial pathogens. mBio 2024:e0082724. [PMID: 38975782 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00827-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Grazing of amoebae on microorganisms represents one of the oldest predator-prey dynamic relationships in nature. It represents a genetic "melting pot" for an ancient and continuous multi-directional inter- and intra-kingdom horizontal gene transfer between amoebae and its preys, intracellular microbial residents, endosymbionts, and giant viruses, which has shaped the evolution, selection, and adaptation of microbes that evade degradation by predatory amoeba. Unicellular phagocytic amoebae are thought to be the ancient ancestors of macrophages with highly conserved eukaryotic processes. Selection and evolution of microbes within amoeba through their evolution to target highly conserved eukaryotic processes have facilitated the expansion of their host range to mammals, causing various infectious diseases. Legionella and environmental Chlamydia harbor an immense number of eukaryotic-like proteins that are involved in ubiquitin-related processes or are tandem repeats-containing proteins involved in protein-protein and protein-chromatin interactions. Some of these eukaryotic-like proteins exhibit novel domain architecture and novel enzymatic functions absent in mammalian cells, such as ubiquitin ligases, likely acquired from amoebae. Mammalian cells and amoebae may respond similarly to microbial factors that target highly conserved eukaryotic processes, but mammalian cells may undergo an accidental response to amoeba-adapted microbial factors. We discuss specific examples of microbes that have evolved to evade amoeba predation, including the bacterial pathogens- Legionella, Chlamydia, Coxiella, Rickettssia, Francisella, Mycobacteria, Salmonella, Bartonella, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Campylobacter, and Aliarcobacter. We also discuss the fungi Cryptococcus, and Asperigillus, as well as amoebae mimiviruses/giant viruses. We propose that amoeba-microbe interactions will continue to be a major "training ground" for the evolution, selection, adaptation, and emergence of microbial pathogens equipped with unique pathogenic tools to infect mammalian hosts. However, our progress will continue to be highly dependent on additional genomic, biochemical, and cellular data of unicellular eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T D Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hannah E Hanford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tasneem Al-Quadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Cheon J Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Manal S J Da'as
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buiatte ABG, Souza SSR, Costa LRM, Peres PABM, de Melo RT, Sommerfeld S, Fonseca BB, Zac Soligno NI, Ikhimiukor OO, Armendaris PM, Andam CP, Rossi DA. Five centuries of genome evolution and multi-host adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni in Brazil. Microb Genom 2024; 10. [PMID: 39028633 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of raw, undercooked or contaminated animal food products is a frequent cause of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Brazil is the world's third largest producer and a major exporter of chicken meat, yet population-level genomic investigations of C. jejuni in the country remain scarce. Analysis of 221 C. jejuni genomes from Brazil shows that the overall core and accessory genomic features of C. jejuni are influenced by the identity of the human or animal source. Of the 60 sequence types detected, ST353 is the most prevalent and consists of samples from chicken and human sources. Notably, we identified the presence of diverse bla genes from the OXA-61 and OXA-184 families that confer beta-lactam resistance as well as the operon cmeABCR related to multidrug efflux pump, which contributes to resistance against tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones. Based on limited data, we estimated the most recent common ancestor of ST353 to the late 1500s, coinciding with the time the Portuguese first arrived in Brazil and introduced domesticated chickens into the country. We identified at least two instances of ancestral chicken-to-human infections in ST353. The evolution of C. jejuni in Brazil was driven by the confluence of clinically relevant genetic elements, multi-host adaptation and clonal population growth that coincided with major socio-economic changes in poultry farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Garcez Buiatte
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie S R Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Sommerfeld
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nicole I Zac Soligno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Odion O Ikhimiukor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paulo Marcel Armendaris
- Federal Agriculture Defense Laboratory/RS - LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cheryl P Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Austhof E, Warner S, Helfrich K, Pogreba-Brown K, Brown HE, Klimentidis YC, Scallan Walter E, Jervis RH, White AE. Exploring the association of weather variability on Campylobacter - A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118796. [PMID: 38582433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has found climate change-induced weather variability is suspected to increase the transmission of enteric pathogens, including Campylobacter, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. While the relationship between extreme weather events and diarrheal diseases has been documented, the specific impact on Campylobacter infections remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the peer-reviewed literature exploring the effect of weather variability on Campylobacter infections in humans. METHODS The review included English language, peer-reviewed articles, published up to September 1, 2022 in PubMed, Embase, GEOBASE, Agriculture and Environmental Science Database, and CABI Global Health exploring the effect of an antecedent weather event on human enteric illness caused by Campylobacter (PROSPERO Protocol # 351884). We extracted study information including data sources, methods, summary measures, and effect sizes. Quality and weight of evidence reported was summarized and bias assessed for each article. RESULTS After screening 278 articles, 47 articles (34 studies, 13 outbreak reports) were included in the evidence synthesis. Antecedent weather events included precipitation (n = 35), temperature (n = 30), relative humidity (n = 7), sunshine (n = 6), and El Niño and La Niña (n = 3). Reviewed studies demonstrated that increases in precipitation and temperature were correlated with Campylobacter infections under specific conditions, whereas low relative humidity and sunshine were negatively correlated. Articles estimating the effect of animal operations (n = 15) found presence and density of animal operations were significantly associated with infections. However, most of the included articles did not assess confounding by seasonality, presence of animal operations, or describe estimates of risk. DISCUSSION This review explores what is known about the influence of weather events on Campylobacter and identifies previously underreported negative associations between low relative humidity and sunshine on Campylobacter infections. Future research should explore pathogen-specific estimates of risk, which can be used to influence public health strategies, improve source attribution and causal pathways, and project disease burden due to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Austhof
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Shaylee Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Helfrich
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Heidi E Brown
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Rachel H Jervis
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alice E White
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sung K, Park M, Chon J, Kweon O, Paredes A, Khan SA. Chicken Juice Enhances C. jejuni NCTC 11168 Biofilm Formation with Distinct Morphological Features and Altered Protein Expression. Foods 2024; 13:1828. [PMID: 38928770 PMCID: PMC11202532 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the foodborne pathogen causing most gastrointestinal infections. Understanding its ability to form biofilms is crucial for devising effective control strategies in food processing environments. In this study, we investigated the growth dynamics and biofilm formation of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 in various culture media, including chicken juice (CJ), brain heart infusion (BHI), and Mueller Hinton (MH) broth. Our results demonstrated that C. jejuni exhibited a higher growth rate and enhanced biofilm formation in CJ and in 1:1 mixtures of CJ with BHI or MH broth compared to these measures in BHI or MH broth alone. Electron microscopy unveiled distinct morphological attributes of late-stage biofilm cells in CJ, including the presence of elongated spiral-shaped cells, thinner stretched structures compared to regular cells, and extended thread-like structures within the biofilms. Proteomic analysis identified significant alterations in protein expression profiles in C. jejuni biofilms, with a predominance of downregulated proteins associated with vital functions like metabolism, energy production, and amino acid and protein biosynthesis. Additionally, a significant proportion of proteins linked to biofilm formation, virulence, and iron uptake were suppressed. This shift toward a predominantly coccoid morphology echoed the reduced energy demands of these biofilm communities. Our study unlocks valuable insights into C. jejuni's biofilm in CJ, demonstrating its adaptation and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.P.); (O.K.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Miseon Park
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.P.); (O.K.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Jungwhan Chon
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.P.); (O.K.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Angel Paredes
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Saeed A. Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.P.); (O.K.); (S.A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giraudon E, Miendje Deyi VY, Martiny D. Assessing the Prevalence and Dynamics of Emerging Campylobacterales in Human Stool Samples in Brussels by Filtration Culture. Pathogens 2024; 13:475. [PMID: 38921773 PMCID: PMC11206970 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic C. jejuni/coli is reported to be the first bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and the most common zoonosis in Europe. Although non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter sp. are increasingly suspected to be responsible for diarrhoea or to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease, they remain poorly isolated due to their fastidious and non-thermophilic nature. Additionally, they are not targeted by commercial syndromic PCR assays. In this study, we present routine diagnostic results over 6 years (2017-2019 and 2021-2023) of Campylobacter sp. and related species, obtained by optimised culture from 51,065 stools by both 0.65 µm pore filtration on antibiotic-free agar, incubated in an H2-enriched atmosphere at 37 °C (also known as the Cape Town protocol), and the use of selective inhibitory Butzler medium incubated at 42 °C. This allowed the isolation of 16 Campylobacter species, 2 Aliarcobacter species, and 2 Helicobacter species, providing a completely different view of the epidemiology of Campylobacterales, in which C. jejuni/coli represents only 30.0% of all isolates, while C. concisus represents 44.4%. C. ureolyticus, representing only 5.5% of all Campylobacterales pre-COVID-19, represented 20.6% of all strains post-COVID-19 (218% increase; p < 0.05). At the same time, the proportions of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. concisus decreased by 37, 53, and 28%, respectively (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Giraudon
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Brussel Universitair Laboratorium (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (D.M.)
- Belgium National Reference Center for Campylobacter (LHUB-ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V. Y. Miendje Deyi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Brussel Universitair Laboratorium (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (D.M.)
- Belgium National Reference Center for Campylobacter (LHUB-ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Martiny
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Brussel Universitair Laboratorium (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (D.M.)
- Belgium National Reference Center for Campylobacter (LHUB-ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Poorrashidi M, Hitchcock M, Xu J. Meta-analyses of the global multilocus genotypes of the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Genome 2024; 67:189-203. [PMID: 38427983 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter infections are a leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide, with increasing reports of outbreaks in both developing and developed countries. Most studies investigating strain genotypes and epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni examined on a local scale. Using the archived multilocus sequence typing data at seven loci, and associated strain metadata from the PubMLST database, here we investigated the spatial and temporal genetic structure of the global population of C. jejuni. Our analyses revealed evidence for clonal dispersals of multiple sequence types (STs) among countries and continents. However, despite the observed clonal dispersal and that most genetic variations were found within individual geographic subpopulations, both the non-clone-corrected and clone-corrected samples showed evidence of significant genetic differentiation among national and continental subpopulations, with non-clone-corrected samples showing greater differentiation than clone-corrected samples. Phylogenetic incompatibility analyses provided evidence for recombination within each continental subpopulation. However, linkage disequilibrium analyses rejected the hypothesis of random recombination across the samples. Temporally, multiple STs were found to persist across four decades and the five globally most common STs showed relatively stable frequencies over the last two decades. We discussed the implications of our results to food security, disease transmission, and public health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monir Poorrashidi
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Megan Hitchcock
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nolte T, Spieß F, Jacobs AK, Kemper N, Visscher C. Assessing concordance between Campylobacter prevalence in broilers and human cases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lower Saxony, Germany, considering fresh chicken meat consumption patterns. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392677. [PMID: 38784655 PMCID: PMC11112064 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most common foodborne disease, number of campylobacteriosis decreased in Germany with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. As the consumption of fresh chicken meat is a major risk factor for human infection, this study investigated the relationship between Campylobacter contamination levels on chicken carcasses and human cases in Lower Saxony, Germany and observed fresh chicken meat consumption patterns between 2018 and 2021 including the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Campylobacter levels in broilers and human cases were classified based on the median and descriptively analysed per week using contingency tables. Before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018 and 2019), high Campylobacter contamination levels on neck samples and many human cases were more present, whereas with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021), low contamination levels on chicken carcasses and few human cases were more present. Lowest concordance between both parameters was shown in 2018 (Cohen's cappa coefficient: 0.37) and 2020 (0.38). The highest concordance was examined in 2021 (0.69). The private consumption of fresh chicken meat in Lower Saxony increased significantly with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 by 63.9 tonnes compared to 2019 to an average of 453.5 tonnes per week. Public health measures and a reduced number of medical treatments have undoubtedly had an impact on less reported human cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, number of human cases remained at a low level in Germany in 2023 while chicken meat consumption increased. Thus, further risk assessments regarding the risk of campyloabcteriosis due to chicken meat consumption should include the country of origin, as the level of contamination of chicken carcasses varies between European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nolte
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Vechta, Germany
| | - Fabian Spieß
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Jacobs
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Vechta, Germany
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Vechta, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Vechta, Germany
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu R, Payne M, Zhang L, Lan R. Uncovering the boundaries of Campylobacter species through large-scale phylogenetic and nucleotide identity analyses. mSystems 2024; 9:e0121823. [PMID: 38530055 PMCID: PMC11019964 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01218-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are typically helical shaped, Gram-negative, and non-spore-forming bacteria. Species in this genus include established foodborne and animal pathogens as well as emerging pathogens. The accumulation of genomic data from the Campylobacter genus has increased exponentially in recent years, accompanied by the discovery of putative new species. At present, the lack of a standardized species boundary complicates distinguishing established and novel species. We defined the Campylobacter genus core genome (500 loci) using publicly available Campylobacter complete genomes (n = 498) and constructed a core genome phylogeny using 2,193 publicly available Campylobacter genomes to examine inter-species diversity and species boundaries. Utilizing 8,440 Campylobacter genomes representing 33 species and 8 subspecies, we found species delineation based on an average nucleotide identity (ANI) cutoff of 94.2% is consistent with the core genome phylogeny. We identified 60 ANI genomic species that delineated Campylobacter species in concordance with previous comparative genetic studies. All pairwise ANI genomic species pairs had in silico DNA-DNA hybridization scores of less than 70%, supporting their delineation as separate species. We provide the tool Campylobacter Genomic Species typer (CampyGStyper) that assigns ANI genomic species to query genomes based on ANI similarities to medoid genomes from each ANI genomic species with an accuracy of 99.96%. The ANI genomic species definitions proposed here allow consistent species definition in the Campylobacter genus and will facilitate the detection of novel species in the future.IMPORTANCEIn recent years, Campylobacter has gained recognition as the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, leading to a substantial rise in the collection of genomic data of the Campylobacter genus in public databases. Currently, a standardized Campylobacter species boundary at the genomic level is absent, leading to challenges in detecting emerging pathogens and defining putative novel species within this genus. We used a comprehensive representation of genomes of the Campylobacter genus to construct a core genome phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, we found an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 94.2% as the optimal cutoff to define the Campylobacter species. Using this cutoff, we identified 60 ANI genomic species which provided a standardized species definition and nomenclature. Importantly, we have developed Campylobacter Genomic Species typer (CampyGStyper), which can robustly and accurately assign these ANI genomic species to Campylobacter genomes, thereby aiding pathogen surveillance and facilitating evolutionary and epidemiological studies of existing and emerging pathogens in the genus Campylobacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith CB, Gao A, Bravo P, Alam A. Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Campylobacter jejuni Infection by Escalating Intestinal Inflammation, Epithelial Damage, and Barrier Disruption. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588895. [PMID: 38645062 PMCID: PMC11030326 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between Campylobacter jejuni , a critical foodborne cause of gastroenteritis, and the intestinal microbiota during infection are not completely understood. The crosstalk between C. jejuni and its host is impacted by the gut microbiota through mechanisms of competitive exclusion, microbial metabolites, or immune response. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on C. jejuni pathogenesis, we examined campylobacteriosis in the IL10KO mouse model, which was characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of intestinal proteobacteria, E. coli , and inflammatory cytokines during C. jejuni infection. We also found a significantly increased abundance of microbial metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in the colonic lumens of IL10KO mice. We further investigated the effects of TMAO on C. jejuni pathogenesis. We determined that C. jejuni senses TMAO as a chemoattractant and the administration of TMAO promotes C. jejuni invasion into Caco-2 monolayers. TMAO also increased the transmigration of C. jejuni across polarized monolayers of Caco-2 cells, decreased TEER, and increased C. jejuni -mediated intestinal barrier damage. Interestingly, TMAO treatment and presence during C. jejuni infection of Caco-2 cells synergistically caused an increased inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically IL-1β and IL-8. These results establish that C. jejuni utilizes microbial metabolite TMAO for increased virulence during infection.
Collapse
|
10
|
Miura-Ajima N, Suwanthada P, Kongsoi S, Kim H, Pachanon R, Koide K, Mori S, Thapa J, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Effect of WQ-3334 on Campylobacter jejuni carrying a DNA gyrase with dominant amino acid substitutions conferring quinolone resistance. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00110-7. [PMID: 38580055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Campylobacteriosis stands as one of the most frequent bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide necessitating antibiotic treatment in severe cases and the rise of quinolones-resistant Campylobacter jejuni poses a significant challenge. The predominant mechanism of quinolones-resistance in this bacterium involves point mutations in the gyrA, resulting in amino acid substitution from threonine to isoleucine at 86th position, representing more than 90% of mutant DNA gyrase, and aspartic acid to asparagine at 90th position. WQ-3334, a novel quinolone, has demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against various bacteria. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of WQ-3334, and its analogues, WQ-4064 and WQ-4065, with a unique modification in R1 against quinolones-resistant C. jejuni. METHODS The structure-activity relationship of the examined drugs was investigated by measuring IC50 and their antimicrobial activities were accessed by MIC against C. jejuni strains. Additionally, in silico docking simulations were carried out using the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. RESULT WQ-3334 exhibited the lowest IC50 against WT (0.188 ± 0.039 mg/L), T86I (11.0 ± 0.7 mg/L) and D90 N (1.60 ± 0.28 mg/L). Notably, DNA gyrases with T86I substitutions displayed the highest IC50 values among the examined WQ compounds. Moreover, WQ-3334 demonstrated the lowest MICs against wild-type and mutant strains. The docking simulations further confirmed the interactions between WQ-3334 and DNA gyrases. CONCLUSION WQ-3334 with 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl at R1 severed as a remarkable candidate for the treatment of foodborne diseases caused by quinolones-resistant C. jejuni as shown by the high inhibitory activity against both wild-type and the predominant quinolones-resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Miura-Ajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Pondpan Suwanthada
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | | | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Ruttana Pachanon
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shigetarou Mori
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rytkönen A, Meriläinen P, Valkama K, Hokajärvi AM, Ruponen J, Nummela J, Mattila H, Tulonen T, Kivistö R, Pitkänen T. Scenario-based assessment of fecal pathogen sources affecting bathing water quality: novel treatment options to reduce norovirus and Campylobacter infection risks. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353798. [PMID: 38628869 PMCID: PMC11018956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater discharge and runoff waters are significant sources of human and animal fecal microbes in surface waters. Human-derived fecal contamination of water is generally estimated to pose a greater risk to human health than animal fecal contamination, but animals may serve as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. In this study, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) tools were used to evaluate the hygienic impact of sewage effluents and runoff water from municipalities and animal farms on surface and bathing waters. The human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) marker HF183 was used to evaluate the dilution of fecal pathogens originating from the sewage effluent discharge to the downstream watershed. As novel risk management options, the efficiency of UV-LED disinfection and wetland treatment as well as biochar filtration was tested on-site for the contamination sources. According to the dilution pattern of the MST marker HF183, microbes from wastewater were diluted (2.3-3.7 log10) in the receiving waters. The scenario-based QMRA revealed, that the health risks posed by exposure to human-specific norovirus GII and zoonotic Campylobacter jejuni during the bathing events were evaluated. The risk for gastroenteritis was found to be elevated during wastewater contamination events, where especially norovirus GII infection risk increased (1-15 cases per day among 50 bathers) compared with the business as usual (BAU) situation (1 case per day). The noted C. jejuni infection risk was associated with animal farm contamination (1 case per day, versus 0.2-0.6 cases during BAU). Tertiary treatment of wastewater with wetland treatment and UV-LED disinfection effectively reduced the waterborne gastroenteritis risks associated with bathing. Based on the experiences from this study, a QMRA-based approach for health risk evaluations at bathing sites can be useful and is recommended for bathing site risk assessments in the future. In case of low pathogen numbers at the exposure sites, the MST marker HF183 could be used as a pathogen dilution coefficient for the watershed under evaluation. The full-scale implementation of novel tertiary treatment options at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as on-site runoff water treatment options should be considered for infection risk management at locations where scenario-based QMRA implies elevated infection risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annastiina Rytkönen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Meriläinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina Valkama
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Hokajärvi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Josefiina Ruponen
- Lammi Biological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Jarkko Nummela
- Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Harri Mattila
- Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Tiina Tulonen
- Lammi Biological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chandran S, Hewawaduge C, Aganja RP, Lee JH. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic dual-expression plasmid-mediated delivery of Campylobacter jejuni antigens by live-attenuated Salmonella: A strategy for concurrent Th1 and Th2 immune activation and protection in chickens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105134. [PMID: 38190867 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter are food-borne pathogens that significantly affect poultry production and are transmitted to humans. Long-term protection against these pathogens in chicken relies on a balanced Th1 and Th2 response. C. jejuni antigens were screened and a fusion antigen, including CadF + FlaA adhesin and flagellin antigenic fragments was developed and safely delivered by low-endotoxicity S. Typhimurium through pJHL270, a dual-expression plasmid featuring prokaryotic (Ptrc) and eukaryotic (CMV) promoters. Antigen expression in Salmonella and host cells was confirmed by western blotting and IFA. The vaccine construct JOL2999, triggered significant increases in IgY, IgA antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, indicating humoral, mucosal, and cell-mediated responses against both pathogens. Elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, INF-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 and MHC I and II cell populations further suggest simultaneous Th1 and Th2 immune activation. Reduced pathogen load and histopathological inflammatory signs in vital organs upon challenge confirmed the protective efficacy in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Chandran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Prasad Aganja
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yaseen K, Ali S, Rahman SU, Sajid MS. Comparative Molecular Virulence Typing and Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter Species at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38394319 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study holds significant importance due to its focus on Campylobacter, the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, responsible for ∼96 million cases each year. By investigating the prevalence of both Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in humans, animals, and the environment, this research sheds light on the broader impact of these pathogens, which can harm both human and animal populations. Traditional microbiological methods were implemented followed by optimized multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rDNA and virulence gene markers by using specific primers. The findings revealed that a total of 219 Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 528 collected specimens from human, animal, and environmental sources. Campylobacter species showed a prevalence of 41.5%, with C. jejuni accounting for 53% and C. coli for 47%. Antimicrobial resistance rates were high, with tetracycline at 89%, ceftriaxone at 75%, cefotaxime at 70%, erythromycin at 69%, nalidixic acid at 54%, ciprofloxacin at 39%, and gentamicin at 23%. Commonly prevalent virulence-associated genes observed in the Campylobacter were cadF at 93%, flaA at 91%, cdtB at 88%, cheY at 86%, sodB at 78%, and iamA at 32%. The study confirmed multidrug-resistant Campylobacter prevalence at the human-animal-environment interface, harboring virulence-associated genes with potential harm to humans. Data analysis showed a nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.05) correlation between virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility. To effectively manage Campylobacter infections, a multifaceted strategy incorporating preventative interventions at different levels is required. This strategy should take into account practicability, effectiveness, and sustainability while strengthening surveillance systems and addressing the economics of disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Yaseen
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad-Ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abay KA, Desalegn G, Weldu Y, Gebrehiwot GT, Gebreyohannes G, Welekidan LN, Desta KH, Asfaw YT, Teka AG, Gebremedhin MT. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Species and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children with Diarrhea at Randomly Selected Public Health Facilities in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:495-505. [PMID: 38348229 PMCID: PMC10860571 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s438370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter species are the most predominant bacterial agents to cause diarrhea in under-five children. It poses a serious challenge to public health worldwide with ongoing acquisition of resistance to different antimicrobials with multiple patterns. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species, and associated factors among under-five children with diarrhea in selected public health facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among under-five children with diarrhea using convenient sampling. Health facilities were selected using a simple random sampling method. The stool samples collected from 214 study participants were transported and processed following standard microbiological protocols. Campylobacter isolates were identified using Gram staining, biochemical test, serological test, and aerobic growth at 25°C. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolates were performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 25.0. Association between variables was assessed using Chi-square test and Logistic regression, with P ≤ 0.05. Results The subject's mean age was 31.3 (±3.9) months. Of the 214 samples cultured, 14 (6.5%) of them were positive for Campylobacter species with 95% CI (3.3-10.3). Out of the isolated species, 12 (85.7%) were Campylobacter jejuni /Campylobacter coli and 2 (14.3%) were other Campylobacter species. Bottle feeding and history of direct contact to domestic animals were associated with Campylobacter species (AOR=5.13, CI=1.21-21.6, p=0.026 and AOR=4.93, CI=1.33-18.17, P=0.016), respectively. Campylobacter isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin 5 (35.7%), and tetracycline 3 (21.4%). Conclusion A higher incidence of Campylobacter species was obtained in children who were bottle-fed and who had a history of direct contact with domestic animals. The isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. These findings indicate that special attention is needed for better management of Campylobacter drug resistance in under-five children. To enhance and support our current findings, further research using molecular techniques is needed to identify the resistant and virulent genes of the bacterial isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Araya Abay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dr. Tewelde Legesse College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Desalegn
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Weldu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrecherkos Teame Gebrehiwot
- Department of Biomedical Research and Technology Transfer, Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreselema Gebreyohannes
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Letemicheal Negash Welekidan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kibra Hailu Desta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Yohanns Tekle Asfaw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Ataklti Gessese Teka
- Department of Biomedical Research and Technology Transfer, Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Tilahun Gebremedhin
- Department of Biomedical Research and Technology Transfer, Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Duarte A, Pereira L, Lemos ML, Pinto M, Rodrigues JC, Matias R, Santos A, Oleastro M. Epidemiological Data and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. in Portugal from 13 Years of Surveillance. Pathogens 2024; 13:147. [PMID: 38392885 PMCID: PMC10893263 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study extensively analyzed campylobacteriosis surveillance in Portugal from 2009 to 2021, aiming to investigate demographic shifts, seasonal variations, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within Campylobacter isolates. Surveillance network and sentinel laboratory-based system data revealed a substantial under-notification of campylobacteriosis cases, suggesting an underestimated disease burden. Notification rates exhibited a paradigm shift, with a notable prevalence among the pediatric population, particularly in children aged 1-4 years, diverging from European reports. Additionally, an emerging trend of Campylobacter infections in younger adults (15-44 years) was observed. The study unveiled a unique seasonal distribution of cases, defying typical summer peaks seen elsewhere. AMR analysis revealed high resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, in both C. jejuni (93.7% and 79.2%, respectively) and C. coli (96.5% and 93.2%, respectively), stable throughout the studied period (2013-2021). C. coli exhibited significantly higher resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, ampicillin and ertapenem compared to C. jejuni (p < 0.001). Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) data demonstrated the distribution of resistance markers across diverse sequence types, challenging the notion of a clonal origin for multidrug-resistant isolates. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for enhanced surveillance and raises concerns about alarming AMR levels, recommending the implementation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based surveillance for a deeper comprehension of disease patterns and an evolving AMR landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Duarte
- Chemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Pereira
- CMA-UBI, Centre of Mathematics and Applications, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Maria-Leonor Lemos
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.-L.L.); (J.C.R.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinto
- Genomics and Bioinformatis Unit, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - João Carlos Rodrigues
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.-L.L.); (J.C.R.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Rui Matias
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.-L.L.); (J.C.R.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Santos
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.-L.L.); (J.C.R.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Mónica Oleastro
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.-L.L.); (J.C.R.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He Y, Kanrar S, Reed S, Lee J, Capobianco J. Whole Genome Sequences, De Novo Assembly, and Annotation of Antibiotic Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains S27, S33, and S36 Newly Isolated from Chicken Meat. Microorganisms 2024; 12:159. [PMID: 38257985 PMCID: PMC10818789 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans and has imposed substantial medical and public health burdens worldwide. Among a total of 39 species in the Campylobacter genus, C. jejuni is the most important species responsible for approx. 90% of human Campylobacter illness. Most cases of the infection were acquired by ingesting undercooked poultry meat due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter in the products. Here, we reported the dataset of raw sequences, de novo assembled and annotated genomes of C. jejuni strains S27, S33, and S36 recently isolated from retail chicken by using PacBio highly accurate long-read sequencing technology combined with bioinformatics tools. Our data revealed several virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in each of the chromosomes, a type IV secretion system in the plasmid (pCjS33) of C. jejuni S33, and a type VI secretion system and a phage in the plasmid (pCjS36) of C. jejuni S36. This study not only provides new sequence data but also extends the knowledge pertaining to the genomic and functional aspects of this important foodborne pathogen, including the genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Capobianco
- Characterization and Interventions for Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA; (Y.H.); (S.K.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Benedetti G, Holm Hansen C, Tølbøll Svendsen A, Grimstrup Joensen K, Sørensen G, Engsbro AL, Torpdahl M, Møller Nielsen E, Ethelberg S. The effect of changing diagnostic method from culture to PCR on the number of episodes of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark: a retrospective study (2015-2022). Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0341823. [PMID: 38063356 PMCID: PMC10783023 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03418-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study is important because it shows the potential epidemiological silence associated with the use of culture as the primary diagnostic method for the laboratory identification of human campylobacteriosis. Also, we show how polymerase chain reaction methods are associated with a systematic increase in the number of human campylobacteriosis episodes as reported by routine disease surveillance. These findings are operationally relevant and have public health implications because they tell how crucial it is to consider changes in diagnostic methods, e.g., in the epidemiological analysis of historical data and in the interpretation of future data in light of the past. We also believe that this study highlights how the synergy between microbiology and epidemiology is essential for disease surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Benedetti
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Holm Hansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Tølbøll Svendsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Sørensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Line Engsbro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mia Torpdahl
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Møller Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suominen K, Häkkänen T, Ranta J, Ollgren J, Kivistö R, Perko-Mäkelä P, Salmenlinna S, Rimhanen-Finne R. Campylobacteriosis in Finland: Passive Surveillance in 2004-2021 and a Pilot Case-Control Study with Whole-Genome Sequencing in Summer 2022. Microorganisms 2024; 12:132. [PMID: 38257959 PMCID: PMC11154465 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis causes a significant disease burden in humans worldwide and is the most common type of zoonotic gastroenteritis in Finland. To identify infection sources for domestic Campylobacter infections, we analyzed Campylobacter case data from the Finnish Infectious Disease Register (FIDR) in 2004-2021 and outbreak data from the National Food- and Waterborne Outbreak Register (FWO Register) in 2010-2021, and conducted a pilot case-control study (256 cases and 756 controls) with source attribution and patient sample analysis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in July-August 2022. In the FIDR, 41% of the cases lacked information on travel history. Based on the case-control study, we estimated that of all cases, 39% were of domestic origin. Using WGS, 22 clusters of two or more cases were observed among 185 domestic cases, none of which were reported to the FWO register. Based on this case-control study and source attribution, poultry is an important source of campylobacteriosis in Finland. More extensive sampling and comparison of patient, food, animal, and environmental isolates is needed to estimate the significance of other sources. In Finland, campylobacteriosis is more often of domestic origin than FIDR notifications indicate. To identify the domestic cases, travel information should be included in the FIDR notification, and to improve outbreak detection, all domestic patient isolates should be sequenced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Suominen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Tessa Häkkänen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Jukka Ranta
- Risk Assessment Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jukka Ollgren
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | | | - Saara Salmenlinna
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Ruska Rimhanen-Finne
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang S, Shi J, Li X, Tiwari A, Gao S, Zhou X, Sun X, O'Brien JW, Coin L, Hai F, Jiang G. Wastewater-based epidemiology of Campylobacter spp.: A systematic review and meta-analysis of influent, effluent, and removal of wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166410. [PMID: 37597560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is one of the four leading causes of diarrhoeal diseases worldwide, which are generally mild but can be fatal in children, the elderly, and immunosuppressed persons. The existing disease surveillance for Campylobacter infections is usually based on untimely clinical reports. Wastewater surveillance or wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been developed for the early warning of disease outbreaks and the detection of the emerging new variants of human pathogens, especially after the global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the WBE monitoring of Campylobacter infections in communities is rare due to a few large data gaps. This study is a meta-analysis and systematic review of the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in various wastewater samples, primarily the influent of wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that the overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 53.26 % in influent wastewater and 52.97 % in all types of wastewater samples. The mean concentration in the influent was 3.31 ± 0.39 log10 gene copies or most probable number (MPN) per 100 mL. The detection method combining culture and PCR yielded the highest positive rate of 90.86 %, while RT-qPCR and qPCR were the two most frequently used quantification methods. In addition, the Campylobacter concentration in influent wastewater showed a seasonal fluctuation, with the highest concentration in the autumn at 3.46 ± 0.41 log10 gene copies or MPN per 100 mL. Based on the isolates of all positive samples, Campylobacter jejuni (62.34 %) was identified as the most prevalent species in wastewater, followed by Campylobacter coli (30.85 %) and Campylobacter lari (4.4 %). These findings provided significant data to further develop and optimize the wastewater surveillance of Campylobacter spp. infections. In addition, large data gaps were found in the decay of Campylobacter spp. in wastewater, indicating insufficient research on the persistence of Campylobacter spp. in wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Zhang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jiahua Shi
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ananda Tiwari
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Research Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Shuhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, China
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Faisal Hai
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kiarie A, Bebora L, Gitao G, Ochien'g L, Okumu N, Mutisya C, Wasonga J, Masudi SP, Moodley A, Amon-Tanoh MA, Watson J, Cumming O, Cook EAJ. Prevalence and risk factors associated with the occurrence of Campylobacter sp. in children aged 6-24 months in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1147180. [PMID: 37808985 PMCID: PMC10556691 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1147180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Campylobacter bacteria is a major cause of foodborne-related bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. It is known to cause diarrhea in young children which has been shown to directly affect their weight and height as a result of malnutrition. Severe cases of diarrhea can also lead to death. Most of the burden is experienced in resource-limited countries in Africa and Southeast Asia where the disease is linked to poor hygiene and sanitation. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in children aged between 6 and 24 months in Nairobi, Kenya and identify potential risk factors associated with their occurrence. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between May to December 2021. A total of 585 randomly selected households were visited in two wards (Uthiru/Ruthimitu and Riruta) in Dagoretti South sub-county, Nairobi. A questionnaire regarding how children's food is handled, the major foods consumed, sanitation and hygiene, and animal ownership was conducted among caregivers to identify associated risk factors. Stool samples were collected from 540/585 children and screened for the presence of Campylobacter using culture-based methods and confirmed through PCR. Results Of the 540 children's stool samples processed, Campylobacter isolates were detected in 4.8% (26/540). Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was the most common species in 80.8% of positive samples compared to Campylobacter coli (C. coli) in 26.9% of samples. In six samples, both C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated, while in four samples, it was not possible to speciate the Campylobacter. Drinking cow's milk (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4 - 12.6) and the presence of animal feces in the compound (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1 - 10.3) were found to be statistically associated with Campylobacter carriage in children. Discussion The carriage of Campylobacter in children in this community indicates a need for further investigation on source attribution to understand transmission dynamics and inform where to target interventions. Awareness creation among caregivers on good personal and food hygiene is needed, including boiling milk before consumption. Implementation of biosecurity measures at the household level is highly recommended to reduce contact between animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kiarie
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lilly Bebora
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Gitao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linnet Ochien'g
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Noah Okumu
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine Mutisya
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Wasonga
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sherril Phyllis Masudi
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maud A Amon-Tanoh
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Watson
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A J Cook
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Teksoy N, Ilktac M, Ongen B. Investigating the Significance of Non- jejuni/ coli Campylobacter Strains in Patients with Diarrhea. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2562. [PMID: 37761759 PMCID: PMC10530337 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most commonly reported foodborne bacteria worldwide. Although Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli have been reported to be responsible for the great majority of campylobacteriosis, the burden of infections by species other than C. jejuni and C. coli have been increasing as a result of a transition to diagnostic test methods that enable the isolation of emerging species. The aim of the present study was to recover C. jejuni, C. coli, and emerging species from the stool samples of 500 patients with gastroenteritis and 100 healthy subjects via the use of a filtration method and culture techniques using Butzler agar and mCCDA under a microaerobic or hydrogen-enriched atmosphere, identify the species by multiplex PCR methods and assess the significance of emerging species in enteric diseases. Thirty-one (6.2%) Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the stool samples of diarrheic patients but none from healthy individuals. Of 31 isolates, 21 (67.8%), nine (29%), and one (3.2%) were identified as C. jejuni, C. coli, and Campylobacter concisus by multiplex PCR, respectively. The filtration method was superior to the culture technique using mCCDA under a microaerobic atmosphere. C. concisus was evaluated as the etiology of gastroenteritis as a result of laboratory and clinical evaluations. The present study was the first to indicate that emerging Campylobacter species are rarely detected and C. concisus is linked to acute gastroenteritis in Turkey where additional studies are warranted to clarify the significance of emerging species in gastroenteritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Teksoy
- Medical Microbiology Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.); (B.O.)
| | - Mehmet Ilktac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10 Turkey, Famagusta 99628, Cyprus
| | - Betigul Ongen
- Medical Microbiology Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.); (B.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yuwono C, Wehrhahn MC, Liu F, Zhang L. Enteric Aeromonas Infection: a Common Enteric Bacterial Infection with a Novel Infection Pattern Detected in an Australian Population with Gastroenteritis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0028623. [PMID: 37378724 PMCID: PMC10433960 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00286-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species are emerging human enteric pathogens. However, they are currently not routinely detected in many diagnostic laboratories, and information regarding Aeromonas enteric infections detected using molecular methods is lacking. Here, we investigated the detection of Aeromonas species and four other enteric bacterial pathogens in 341,330 fecal samples from patients with gastroenteritis processed in a large Australian diagnostic laboratory between 2015 and 2019. These enteric pathogens were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods. Furthermore, we compared the qPCR cycle threshold (CT) values obtained from fecal samples that tested positive for Aeromonas only by molecular detection with those of samples that tested positive by both molecular detection and bacterial isolation methods. Aeromonas species were found to be the second most common bacterial enteric pathogens among patients with gastroenteritis. We observed a unique pattern of three infection peaks for Aeromonas, which correlated with the age of the patients. Aeromonas species were the most common enteric bacterial pathogens in children younger than 18 months. Fecal samples that tested positive for Aeromonas only by molecular detection had significantly higher CT values than fecal samples that tested positive by both molecular detection and bacterial culture. In conclusion, our findings reveal that Aeromonas enteric pathogens exhibit an age-related three-peak infection pattern, distinguishing them from other enteric bacterial pathogens. Moreover, the high rate of Aeromonas enteric infection discovered in this study suggests that Aeromonas species should be routinely tested in diagnostic laboratories. Our data also show that combining qPCR with bacterial culture can enhance the detection of enteric pathogens. IMPORTANCE Aeromonas species are emerging human enteric pathogens. However, these species are currently not routinely detected in many diagnostic laboratories, and no studies have reported the detection of Aeromonas enteric infection using molecular methods. We investigated the presence of Aeromonas species and four other enteric bacterial pathogens in 341,330 fecal samples from patients with gastroenteritis using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods. Interestingly, we discovered that Aeromonas species were the second most common bacterial enteric pathogens in patients with gastroenteritis, exhibiting a novel infection pattern compared to those of other enteric pathogens. Furthermore, we found that Aeromonas species were the most prevalent enteric bacterial pathogens in children aged 6 to 18 months. Our data also revealed that qPCR methods exhibit higher sensitivity in detecting enteric pathogens compared to that of bacterial culture alone. Moreover, combining qPCR with bacterial culture enhances the detection of enteric pathogens. These findings emphasize the importance of Aeromonas species in public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yuwono
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De León AM, Garcia-Santibanez R, Harrison TB. Article Topic: Neuropathies Due to Infections and Antimicrobial Treatments. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2023; 25:1-17. [PMID: 37360749 PMCID: PMC10256960 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-023-00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of eview The aim of this review is to discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of polyneuropathy (PN) in selected infections. Overall, most infection related PNs are an indirect consequence of immune activation rather than a direct result of peripheral nerve infection, Schwann cell infection, or toxin production, though note this review will describe infections that cause PN through all these mechanisms. Rather than dividing them by each infectious agent separately, we have grouped the infectious neuropathies according to their presenting phenotype, to serve as a guide to clinicians. Finally, toxic neuropathies related to antimicrobials are briefly summarized. Recent findings While PN from many infections is decreasing, increasing evidence links infections to variants of GBS. Incidence of neuropathies secondary to use of HIV therapy has decreased over the last few years. Summary In this manuscript, a general overview of the more common infectious causes of PN will be discussed, dividing them across clinical phenotypes: large- and small-fiber polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), mononeuritis multiplex, and autonomic neuropathy. Rare but important infectious causes are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M. De León
- Neuromuscular Division Department of Neurology, Emory University, Executive Park 12 NE, GA 30329 Atlanta, USA
| | - Rocio Garcia-Santibanez
- Neuromuscular Division Department of Neurology, Emory University, Executive Park 12 NE, GA 30329 Atlanta, USA
| | - Taylor B. Harrison
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 83 Jessie Junior Drive Box 039, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tedersoo T, Roasto M, Mäesaar M, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Meremäe K. Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Caecal Samples of Fattening Pigs at Slaughter. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1540. [PMID: 37375042 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are known as the main Campylobacter coli reservoirs. Campylobacteriosis, the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in humans, is mainly caused by the consumption of poultry meat, and little is known about the role of pork. Pigs are often associated with C. coli, including antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Therefore, the entire pork production chain must be considered as an important source of antimicrobial-resistant C. coli. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from caecal samples of fattening pigs at the Estonian slaughterhouse level over a five-year period. The proportion of Campylobacter-positive caecal samples was 52%. All Campylobacter isolates were identified as C. coli. A high proportion of the isolates were resistant to most of the studied antimicrobials. The resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was 74.8%, 54.4%, 34.4% and 31.9%, respectively. In addition, a high proportion (15.1%) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant and, in total, 93.3% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triin Tedersoo
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- National Centre for Laboratory Research and Risk Assessment, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mati Roasto
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Mäesaar
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kadrin Meremäe
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Porte L, Pérez C, Barbé M, Varela C, Vollrath V, Legarraga P, Weitzel T. Campylobacter spp. Prevalence in Santiago, Chile: A Study Based on Molecular Detection in Clinical Stool Samples from 2014 to 2019. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030504. [PMID: 36986425 PMCID: PMC10057968 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is an emerging cause of infectious diarrhea worldwide. In South American countries such as Chile, its prevalence is underestimated due to inadequate detection methods. Gastrointestinal multiplex PCR panels (GMP) permit rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens and provide important epidemiological information. This study aimed to analyze Campylobacter epidemiology using the results of molecular methods and to compare molecular detection results to those of culture methods. We performed a retrospective, descriptive analysis of Campylobacter spp. detected in clinical stool samples between 2014-2019 by GMP and culture. Within 16,582 specimens examined by GMP, Campylobacter was the most prevalent enteropathogenic bacteria (8.5%), followed by Salmonella spp. (3.9%), Shigella spp./enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) (1.9%), and Yersinia enterocolitica (0.8%). The highest Campylobacter prevalence occurred in 2014/2015. Campylobacteriosis affected more males (57.2%) and adults from 19-65 years (47.9%) and showed a bimodal seasonality with summer and winter peaks. In 11,251 routine stool cultures, Campylobacter spp. was detected in 4.6%, mostly C. jejuni (89.6%). Among 4533 samples tested by GMP and culture in parallel, GMP showed a superior sensitivity (99.1% versus 50%, respectively). The study suggests that Campylobacter spp. is the most frequent bacterial enteropathogen in Chile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
| | - Caricia Pérez
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
| | - Mario Barbé
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610507, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
| | - Valeska Vollrath
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
| | - Paulette Legarraga
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610507, Chile
| |
Collapse
|