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Qin X, Jin L, Gong H, Zheng Q. Electro-metabolic coupling in atrial fibrillation: A deeper understanding of the metabolic driver. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117536. [PMID: 39378681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained heart rhythm abnormality, disrupts the normal link between electrical activity and atrial muscle contraction; this disruption is termed "excitation-contraction uncoupling". It weakens atrial contractions and contributes to the development and persistence of AF. In addition to electrical dysfunction, AF is increasingly recognized as a metabolic disorder. Metabolic remodeling may reportedly precede electrophysiological, contractile, and structural changes in AF. Both clinical observations and experimental studies have underscored the critical importance of metabolic homeostasis, and its disturbance is considered a key initial factor in the development of AF. Research in this field has progressed, and a consensus has emerged that metabolic status (energy flux) and electrophysiological signaling (ion flux) are interactively regulated, highlighting the concept of "electro-metabolic coupling." Their uncoupling or decompensation constitutes a common pathological basis of AF. Despite growing recognition of the importance of metabolic balance, the role of electro-metabolic coupling in AF remains unclear. Thus, this review aimed to discuss 1) a comprehensive understanding of electro-metabolic alterations post-AF, 2) the pivotal role of metabolic homeostasis in AF pathogenesis, and 3) the mutual regulation of electro-metabolic signaling, along with potential therapeutic strategies targeting these imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Qin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Lingyan Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Haoyu Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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Kordi N, Sanaei M, Akraminia P, Yavari S, Saydi A, Abadi FK, Heydari N, Jung F, Karami S. PANoptosis and cardiovascular disease: The preventive role of exercise training. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242396. [PMID: 39269827 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Regulated cell death, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is vital for the body's defense system. Recent research suggests that these three types of cell death are interconnected, giving rise to a new concept called PANoptosis. PANoptosis has been linked to various diseases, making it crucial to comprehend its mechanism for effective treatments. PANoptosis is controlled by upstream receptors and molecular signals, which form polymeric complexes known as PANoptosomes. Cell death combines necroptosis, apoptosis, and pyroptosis and cannot be fully explained by any of these processes alone. Understanding pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis is essential for understanding PANoptosis. Physical exercise has been shown to suppress pyroptotic, apoptotic, and necroptotic signaling pathways by reducing inflammatory factors, proapoptotic factors, and necroptotic factors such as caspases and TNF-alpha. This ultimately leads to a decrease in cardiac structural remodeling. The beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular health may be attributed to its ability to inhibit these cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Kordi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Akraminia
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Iran
| | - Sajad Yavari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Saydi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khamis Abadi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Naser Heydari
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Sajad Karami
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Zhou Z, Xia Z, Dong Y, Chen S, Zhan F, Wang Z, Chen Y, Yu J, Xia Z, Li J. Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation: a retrospective study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:325. [PMID: 38867253 PMCID: PMC11167885 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown a clear link between insulin resistance (IR) and an elevated risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the relationship between the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), which serves as a marker for IR, and the risk of AF recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential association between the eGDR and the risk of AF recurrence following RFCA. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at Nanchang University Affiliated Second Hospital. The study enrolled 899 patients with AF who underwent RFCA between January 2015 and January 2022. The formula used to calculate the eGDR was as follows: 19.02 - (0.22 * body mass index) - (3.26 * hypertension) - (0.61 * HbA1c). Cox proportional hazard regression models and exposure-effect curves were used to explore the correlation between the baseline eGDR and AF recurrence. The ability of the eGDR to predict AF recurrence was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS The study observed a median follow-up period of 11.63 months, during which 296 patients experienced AF recurrence. K‒M analyses revealed that the cumulative incidence AF recurrence rate was significantly greater in the group with the lowest eGDR (log-rank p < 0.01). Participants with an eGDR ≥ 8 mg/kg/min had a lower risk of AF recurrence than those with an eGDR < 4 mg/kg/min, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18, 0.42]. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analyses demonstrated a linear association between the eGDR and AF recurrence (p nonlinear = 0.70). The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting AF recurrence using the eGDR was 0.75. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that a decrease in the eGDR is associated with a greater AF recurrence risk after RFCA. Hence, the eGDR could be used as a novel biomarker for assessing AF recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Youzheng Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fenfang Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zirong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Wang Z, He H, Xie Y, Li J, Luo F, Sun Z, Zheng S, Yang F, Li X, Chen X, Chen Y, Sun Y. Non-insulin-based insulin resistance indexes in predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence following ablation: a retrospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:87. [PMID: 38419016 PMCID: PMC10902970 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is involved in the pathophysiological processes of arrhythmias. Increasing evidence suggests triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are simple and reliable surrogates for IR. Although they have been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), evidence supporting this is limited. Here, this is the first study to investigate the association between TyG-BMI index and AF recurrence following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). The performance of the four non-insulin-based IR indexes in predicting AF recurrence after ablation was explored. METHODS A total of 2242 AF patients who underwent a de novo RFCA between June 2018 to January 2022 at two hospitals in China were included in this retrospective study. The predictive values of IR indexes for AF recurrence after ablation were assessed. RESULTS During 1-year follow-up, 31.7% of patients experienced AF recurrence. The multivariable analysis revealed that TyG index, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI index were independent risk factors for AF recurrence. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a connection between METS-IR, TyG-BMI index, and AF recurrence (P < 0.001). Furthermore, incorporating the METS-IR or TyG-BMI index to the basic risk model with fully adjusted factors considerably enhanced the forecast of AF recurrence, as demonstrated by the C-statistic, continuous net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement. CONCLUSIONS TyG index, METS-IR, and TyG-BMI index were independently associated with AF recurrence following ablation. Among the four non-insulin-based IR indexes, TyG-BMI had the highest predictive value, followed by METS-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haoming He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiaju Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.2 East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Guo S, Huang Y, Liu X, Ma J, Zhu W. Association of type 1 diabetes mellitus and risk of atrial fibrillation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 199:110629. [PMID: 36948422 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Whether type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) could be regarded as an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) risk remains unclear, and thus we aimed to elaborate on this association in our meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases up to August 2022 for studies that were related to T1DM and AF incidence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from each study were pooled via a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of four cohort studies were involved in our meta-analysis. Our pooled results suggested that T1DM patients had a higher AF risk (HR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.15-1.47) than the control group. In the subgroup analysis, a higher AF incidence was also found in female T1DM patients (HR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.26-1.79) than that in male patients. Compared with T1DM patients over 65 years, those with < 65 years showed an increased risk of AF (HR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.21-1.74). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that T1DM was an independent risk factor for AF development, but further studies should be performed to provide more convincing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510030, PR China
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wengen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Murphy MB, Kannankeril PJ, Murray KT. Overview of programmed electrical stimulation to assess atrial fibrillation susceptibility in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1149023. [PMID: 37113690 PMCID: PMC10126433 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1149023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common human arrhythmia and is associated with increased risk of stroke, dementia, heart failure, and death. Among several animal models that have been used to investigate the molecular determinants of AF, mouse models have become the most prevalent due to low cost, ease of genetic manipulation, and similarity to human disease. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) using intracardiac or transesophageal atrial pacing is used to induce AF as most mouse models do not develop spontaneous AF. However, there is a lack of standardized methodology resulting in numerous PES protocols in the literature that differ with respect to multiple parameters, including pacing protocol and duration, stimulus amplitude, pulse width, and even the definition of AF. Given this complexity, the selection of the appropriate atrial pacing protocol for a specific model has been arbitrary. Herein we review the development of intracardiac and transesophageal PES, including commonly used protocols, selected experimental models, and advantages and disadvantages of both techniques. We also emphasize detection of artifactual AF induction due to unintended parasympathetic stimulation, which should be excluded from results. We recommend that the optimal pacing protocol to elicit an AF phenotype should be individualized to the specific model of genetic or acquired risk factors, with an analysis using several definitions of AF as an endpoint.
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Qian LL, Liu XY, Li XY, Yang F, Wang RX. Effects of Electrical Remodeling on Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetes Mellitus. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:3. [PMID: 39076858 PMCID: PMC11270397 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2401003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias in medical practice. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation. The increased morbility of atrial fibrillation in diabetes mellitus is related to both structural and electrical remodeling of atrium. Based on studies of atrial electrophysiological changes in diabetes mellitus, this article focuses on the electrical remodeling of atrial cardiomyocytes, including remodeling of sodium channels, calcium channels, potassium channels and other channels, to provide the basis for the clinical management of antiarrhythmic drugs in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-ling Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 214023 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Wang W, Hapach LA, Griggs L, Smart K, Wu Y, Taufalele PV, Rowe MM, Young KM, Bates ME, Johnson AC, Ferrell NJ, Pozzi A, Reinhart-King CA. Diabetic hyperglycemia promotes primary tumor progression through glycation-induced tumor extracellular matrix stiffening. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1673. [PMID: 36399580 PMCID: PMC9674287 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Despite this correlation, the interplay between tumor progression and diabetes, particularly with regard to stiffening of the extracellular matrix, is still mechanistically unclear. Here, we established a murine model where hyperglycemia was induced before breast tumor development. Using the murine model, in vitro systems, and patient samples, we show that hyperglycemia increases tumor growth, extracellular matrix stiffness, glycation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. Upon inhibition of glycation or mechanotransduction in diabetic mice, these same metrics are reduced to levels comparable with nondiabetic tumors. Together, our study describes a novel biomechanical mechanism by which diabetic hyperglycemia promotes breast tumor progression via glycating the extracellular matrix. In addition, our work provides evidence that glycation inhibition is a potential adjuvant therapy for diabetic cancer patients due to the key role of matrix stiffening in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lauren A. Hapach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lauren Griggs
- College of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kyra Smart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Paul V. Taufalele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew M. Rowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Katherine M. Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Madison E. Bates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Andrew C. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Ferrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospitals, Nashville, TN 37684, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Qin X, Zhang Y, Zheng Q. Metabolic Inflexibility as a Pathogenic Basis for Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158291. [PMID: 35955426 PMCID: PMC9368187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia, is closely intertwined with metabolic abnormalities. Recently, a metabolic paradox in AF pathogenesis has been suggested: under different forms of pathogenesis, the metabolic balance shifts either towards (e.g., obesity and diabetes) or away from (e.g., aging, heart failure, and hypertension) fatty acid oxidation, yet they all increase the risk of AF. This has raised the urgent need for a general consensus regarding the metabolic changes that predispose patients to AF. “Metabolic flexibility” aptly describes switches between substrates (fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, and ketones) in response to various energy stresses depending on availability and requirements. AF, characterized by irregular high-frequency excitation and the contraction of the atria, is an energy challenge and triggers a metabolic switch from preferential fatty acid utilization to glucose metabolism to increase the efficiency of ATP produced in relation to oxygen consumed. Therefore, the heart needs metabolic flexibility. In this review, we will briefly discuss (1) the current understanding of cardiac metabolic flexibility with an emphasis on the specificity of atrial metabolic characteristics; (2) metabolic heterogeneity among AF pathogenesis and metabolic inflexibility as a common pathological basis for AF; and (3) the substrate-metabolism mechanism underlying metabolic inflexibility in AF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Qin
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Al-Suhaimi EA, Aljafary MA, Alfareed TM, Alshuyeh HA, Alhamid GM, Sonbol B, Almofleh A, Alkulaifi FM, Altwayan RK, Alharbi JN, Binmahfooz NM, Alhasani ES, Tombuloglu H, Rasdan AS, lardhi AA, Baykal A, Homeida AM. Nanogenerator-Based Sensors for Energy Harvesting From Cardiac Contraction. FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH 2022; 10. [DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2022.900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical electric devices provide great assistance for health and life quality. However, their maintainable need remains a serious issue for the restricted duration of energy storage. Therefore, scientists are investigating alternative technologies such as nanogenerators that could harvest the mechanical energy of the human heart to act as the main source of energy for the pacemaker. Cardiac contraction is not a source for circulation; it utilizes body energy as an alternative energy source to recharge pacemaker devices. This is a key biomedical innovation to protect patients’ lives from possible risks resulting from repeated surgery. A batteryless pacemaker is possible via an implantable energy collecting tool, exchanging the restriction of the current batteries for a sustainable self-energy resource technique. In this context, the physiology of heart energy in the preservation of blood distribution pulse generation and the effects of cardiac hormones on the heart’s pacemaker shall be outlined. In this review, we summarized different technologies for the implantable energy harvesters and self-powered implantable medical devices with emphasis on nanogenerator-based sensors for energy harvesting from cardiac contraction. It could conclude that recent hybrid bio-nanogenerator systems of both piezoelectric and triboelectric devices based on biocompatible biomaterials and clean energy are promising biomedical devices for harvesting energy from cardiac and body movement. These implantable and wearable nanogenerators become self-powered biomedical tools with high efficacy, durability, thinness, flexibility, and low cost. Although many studies have proven their safety, there is a need for their long-term biosafety and biocompatibility. A further note on the biocompatibility of bio-generator sensors shall be addressed.
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11
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Tang Q, Guo XG, Sun Q, Ma J. The pre-ablation triglyceride-glucose index predicts late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation in non-diabetic adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:219. [PMID: 35568806 PMCID: PMC9107168 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current prognostic risk scoring systems and biomarkers are routinely used as non-invasive methods for assessing late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who have undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for late AF recurrence after RFCA in non-diabetic patients. Methods In total, 275 patients with AF who underwent RFCA at the Fuwai hospital (Beijing, China) between January 2016 and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. During follow up, patients were divided into late and non-late AF recurrence groups, based on whether they had experienced late AF recurrence determined by electrocardiography (ECG) examine or 48 h Holter monitoring. The TyG index was calculated using the following equation: ln [fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2]. Results During a median follow-up of 26.1 months, late AF recurrence event rates significantly increased in the highest TyG index tertile group (tertile 3) compared to the lowest group (tertile 1) (54% versus 12%, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean TyG index was higher in the late AF recurrence group compared to the non- late AF recurrence group (9.42 ± 0.6 versus 8.68 ± 0.70, respectively; p < 0.001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the pre-ablation TyG index was an independent risk factor for late recurrence of AF after RFCA (hazard ratio [HR] 2.015 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.408–4.117]; p = 0.009). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that TyG index was a significant predictor of late AF recurrence after RFCA, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.737 (95% CI: 0.657–0.816; p < 0.001). In addition, the AUC of left atrial diameter (LAD) was 0.780 (95%CI: 0.703–0.857, p < 0.001). Finally, the TyG index positively correlated with LAD (r = 0.133, p = 0.027), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.132, p = 0.028) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (r = 0.291, p < 0.001) levels. Conclusions An elevated pre-ablation TyG index was associated with an increased risk of late AF recurrence after RFCA in non-diabetic patients. The TyG index may be potentially useful as a novel biomarker for the risk stratification of late AF recurrence in non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Tang
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Guo
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Arrhythmia Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Fu Y, Jiang T, Sun H, Li T, Gao F, Fan B, Li X, Qin X, Zheng Q. Necroptosis is required for atrial fibrillation and involved in aerobic exercise-conferred cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8363-8375. [PMID: 34288408 PMCID: PMC8419184 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the development of fibrosis, yet its role in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive. Mounting evidence demonstrates that aerobic exercise improves AF-related symptoms and quality of life. Therefore, we explored the role of necroptosis in AF pathogenesis and exercise-conferred cardioprotection. A mouse AF model was established either by calcium chloride and acetylcholine (CaCl2 -Ach) administration for 3 weeks or high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 12 weeks, whereas swim training was conducted 60 min/day, for 3-week duration. AF susceptibility, heart morphology and function and atrial fibrosis were assessed by electrophysiological examinations, echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Both CaCl2 -Ach administration and HFD feeding significantly enhanced AF susceptibility (including frequency and duration of episodes), left atrial enlargement and fibrosis. Moreover, protein levels of necroptotic signaling (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II or their phosphorylated forms) were markedly elevated in the atria of AF mice. However, inhibiting necroptosis with necrostatin-1 partly attenuated CaCl2 -Ach (or HFD)-induced fibrosis and AF susceptibility, implicating necroptosis as contributing to AF pathogenesis. Finally, we found 3-week swim training inhibited necroptotic signaling, consequently decreasing CaCl2 -Ach-induced AF susceptibility and atrial structural remodeling. Our findings identify necroptosis as a novel mechanism in AF pathogenesis and highlight that aerobic exercise may confer benefits on AF via inhibiting cardiac necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiannan Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongke Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Boyuan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinghua Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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