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Klak M, Rachalewski M, Filip A, Dobrzański T, Berman A, Wszoła M. Bioprinting of Perfusable, Biocompatible Vessel-like Channels with dECM-Based Bioinks and Living Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:439. [PMID: 38790306 PMCID: PMC11117567 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the production of bioinks that on the one hand, are biocompatible and, on the other hand, have mechanical properties that allow for the production of stable constructs that can survive for a long time after transplantation. While the selection of the right material is crucial for bioprinting, there is another equally important issue that is currently being extensively researched-the incorporation of the vascular system into the fabricated scaffolds. Therefore, in the following manuscript, we present the results of research on bioink with unique physico-chemical and biological properties. In this article, two methods of seeding cells were tested using bioink B and seeding after bioprinting the whole model. After 2, 5, 8, or 24 h of incubation, the flow medium was used in the tested systems. At the end of the experimental trial, for each time variant, the canals were stored in formaldehyde, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the presence of cells on the canal walls and roof. Cells adhered to both ways of fiber arrangement; however, a parallel bioprint with the 5 h incubation and the intermediate plating of cells resulted in better adhesion efficiency. For this test variant, the percentage of cells that adhered was at least 20% higher than in the other analyzed variants. In addition, it was for this variant that the lowest percentage of viable cells was found that were washed out of the tested model. Importantly, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that after 8 days of culture, the cells were evenly distributed throughout the canal roof. Our study clearly shows that neovascularization-promoting cells effectively adhere to ECM-based pancreatic bioink. Summarizing the presented results, it was demonstrated that the proposed bioink compositions can be used for bioprinting bionic organs with a vascular system formed by endothelial cells and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klak
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-242 Warsaw, Poland or (M.W.)
- Polbionica sp. z o.o., 01-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Rachalewski
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-242 Warsaw, Poland or (M.W.)
| | - Anna Filip
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-242 Warsaw, Poland or (M.W.)
| | | | | | - Michał Wszoła
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-242 Warsaw, Poland or (M.W.)
- Polbionica sp. z o.o., 01-242 Warsaw, Poland
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Barcena AJR, Dhal K, Patel P, Ravi P, Kundu S, Tappa K. Current Biomedical Applications of 3D-Printed Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 10:8. [PMID: 38275845 PMCID: PMC10815850 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has revolutionized the production of physical 3D objects by transforming computer-aided design models into layered structures, eliminating the need for traditional molding or machining techniques. In recent years, hydrogels have emerged as an ideal 3D printing feedstock material for the fabrication of hydrated constructs that replicate the extracellular matrix found in endogenous tissues. Hydrogels have seen significant advancements since their first use as contact lenses in the biomedical field. These advancements have led to the development of complex 3D-printed structures that include a wide variety of organic and inorganic materials, cells, and bioactive substances. The most commonly used 3D printing techniques to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds are material extrusion, material jetting, and vat photopolymerization, but novel methods that can enhance the resolution and structural complexity of printed constructs have also emerged. The biomedical applications of hydrogels can be broadly classified into four categories-tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 3D cell culture and disease modeling, drug screening and toxicity testing, and novel devices and drug delivery systems. Despite the recent advancements in their biomedical applications, a number of challenges still need to be addressed to maximize the use of hydrogels for 3D printing. These challenges include improving resolution and structural complexity, optimizing cell viability and function, improving cost efficiency and accessibility, and addressing ethical and regulatory concerns for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan John R. Barcena
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Kashish Dhal
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Parimal Patel
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Prashanth Ravi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Moeun BN, Fernandez SA, Collin S, Gauvin-Rossignol G, Lescot T, Fortin MA, Ruel J, Bégin-Drolet A, Leask RL, Hoesli CA. Improving the 3D Printability of Sugar Glass to Engineer Sacrificial Vascular Templates. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:869-886. [PMID: 37886415 PMCID: PMC10599441 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A prominent obstacle in scaling up tissue engineering technologies for human applications is engineering an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients throughout artificial tissues. Sugar glass has emerged as a promising 3D-printable, sacrificial material that can be used to embed perfusable networks within cell-laden matrices to improve mass transfer. To characterize and optimize a previously published sugar ink, we investigated the effects of sucrose, glucose, and dextran concentration on the glass transition temperature (Tg), printability, and stability of 3D-printed sugar glass constructs. We identified a sucrose ink formulation with a significantly higher Tg (40.0 ± 0.9°C) than the original formulation (sucrose-glucose blend, Tg = 26.2 ± 0.4°C), which demonstrated a pronounced improvement in printability, resistance to bending, and final print stability, all without changing dissolution kinetics and decomposition temperature. This formulation allowed printing of 10-cm-long horizontal cantilever filaments, which can enable the printing of complex vascular segments along the x-, y-, and z-axes without the need for supporting structures. Vascular templates with a single inlet and outlet branching into nine channels were 3D printed using the improved formulation and subsequently used to generate perfusable alginate constructs. The printed lattice showed high fidelity with respect to the input geometry, although with some channel deformation after alginate casting and gelation-likely due to alginate swelling. Compared with avascular controls, no significant acute cytotoxicity was noted when casting pancreatic beta cell-laden alginate constructs around improved ink filaments, whereas a significant decrease in cell viability was observed with the original ink. The improved formulation lends more flexibility to sugar glass 3D printing by facilitating the fabrication of larger, more complex, and more stable sacrificial networks. Rigorous characterization and optimization methods for improving sacrificial inks may facilitate the fabrication of functional cellular constructs for tissue engineering, cellular biology, and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Collin
- Mechanical Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Theophraste Lescot
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ), Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CR-CHUQ), Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Ruel
- Mechanical Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Corinne A. Hoesli
- Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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