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Xu Y, Xia Y, Liu Q, Jing X, Tang Q, Zhang J, Jia Q, Zhang Z, Li J, Chen J, Xiong Y, Li Y, He J. Glutaredoxin-1 alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by decreasing its toxic metabolites. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1548-1561. [PMID: 38223455 PMCID: PMC10785153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) formation is a starting event that triggers oxidative stress and subsequent hepatocyte necrosis in acetaminophen (APAP) overdose caused acute liver failure (ALF). S-glutathionylation is a reversible redox post-translational modification and a prospective mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity. Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx1), a glutathione-specific thioltransferase, is a primary enzyme to catalyze deglutathionylation. The objective of this study was to explored whether and how Glrx1 is associated with the development of ALF induced by APAP. The Glrx1 knockout mice (Glrx1-/-) and liver-specific overexpression of Glrx1 (AAV8-Glrx1) mice were produced and underwent APAP-induced ALF. Pirfenidone (PFD), a potential inducer of Glrx1, was administrated preceding APAP to assess its protective effects. Our results revealed that the hepatic total protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) increased and the Glrx1 level reduced in mice after APAP toxicity. Glrx1-/- mice were more sensitive to APAP overdose, with higher oxidative stress and more toxic metabolites of APAP. This was attributed to Glrx1 deficiency increasing the total hepatic PSSG and the S-glutathionylation of cytochrome p450 3a11 (Cyp3a11), which likely increased the activity of Cyp3a11. Conversely, AAV8-Glrx1 mice were defended against liver damage caused by APAP overdose by inhibiting the S-glutathionylation and activity of Cyp3a11, which reduced the toxic metabolites of APAP and oxidative stress. PFD precede administration upregulated Glrx1 expression and alleviated APAP-induced ALF by decreasing oxidative stress. We have identified the function of Glrx1 mediated PSSG in liver injury caused by APAP overdose. Increasing Glrx1 expression may be investigated for the medical treatment of APAP-caused hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yimin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Enkhjargal B, De Leon SSP, Tsukahara Y, Liu H, Huangfu Y, Wang Y, Seabra PM, Yang X, Goodman J, Wan X, Chitalia V, Han J, Seta F. Redox Dysregulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Sirtuin-1 in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e339-e357. [PMID: 37288573 PMCID: PMC10524979 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are abnormal aortic dilatations and a major cardiovascular complication of Marfan syndrome. We previously demonstrated a critical role for vascular smooth muscle (VSM) SirT1 (sirtuin-1), a lysine deacetylase, against maladaptive aortic remodeling associated with chronic oxidative stress and aberrant activation of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases). METHODS In this study, we investigated whether redox dysregulation of SirT1 contributed to the pathogenesis of TAA using fibrillin-1 hypomorphic mice (Fbn1mgR/mgR), an established model of Marfan syndrome prone to aortic dissection/rupture. RESULTS Oxidative stress markers 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal were significantly elevated in aortas of patients with Marfan syndrome. Moreover, reversible oxidative post-translational modifications (rOPTM) of protein cysteines, particularly S-glutathionylation, were dramatically increased in aortas of Fbn1mgR/mgR mice, before induction of severe oxidative stress markers. Fbn1mgR/mgR aortas and VSM cells exhibited an increase in rOPTM of SirT1, coinciding with the upregulation of acetylated proteins, an index of decreased SirT1 activity, and increased MMP2/9 activity. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), which was increased in Fbn1mgR/mgR aortas, stimulated rOPTM of SirT1, decreasing its deacetylase activity in VSM cells. VSM cell-specific deletion of SirT1 in Fbn1mgR/mgR mice (SMKO-Fbn1mgR/mgR) caused a dramatic increase in aortic MMP2 expression and worsened TAA progression, leading to aortic rupture in 50% of SMKO-Fbn1mgR/mgR mice, compared with 25% of Fbn1mgR/mgR mice. rOPTM of SirT1, rOPTM-mediated inhibition of SirT1 activity, and increased MMP2/9 activity were all exacerbated by the deletion of Glrx (glutaredoxin-1), a specific deglutathionylation enzyme, while being corrected by overexpression of Glrx or of an oxidation-resistant SirT1 mutant in VSM cells. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings strongly suggest a causal role of S-glutathionylation of SirT1 in the pathogenesis of TAA. Prevention or reversal of SirT1 rOPTM may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent TAA and TAA dissection/ruptures in individuals with Marfan syndrome, for which, thus far, no targeted therapy has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yuko Tsukahara
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuhao Huangfu
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Maria Seabra
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Yang
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jena Goodman
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xueping Wan
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vipul Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyan Han
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Xia Y, Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Jia Q, Tang Q, Jing X, Li J, Chen J, Xiong Y, Li Y, He J. Glutaredoxin 1 regulates cholesterol metabolism and gallstone formation by influencing protein S-glutathionylation. Metabolism 2023:155610. [PMID: 37277061 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) is closely related to cholesterol metabolic disorder. Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx1) and Glrx1-related protein S-glutathionylation are increasingly being observed to drive various physiological and pathological processes, especially in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and fatty liver. However, Glrx1 has been minimally explored in cholesterol metabolism and gallstone disease. METHODS We first investigated whether Glrx1 plays a role in gallstone formation in lithogenic diet-fed mice using immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Then a whole-body Glrx1-deficient (Glrx1-/-) mice and hepatic-specific Glrx1-overexpressing (AAV8-TBG-Glrx1) mice were generated, in which we analyzed the effects of Glrx1 on lipid metabolism upon LGD feeding. Quantitative proteomic analysis and immunoprecipitation (IP) of glutathionylated proteins were performed. RESULTS We found that protein S-glutathionylation was markedly decreased and the deglutathionylating enzyme Glrx1 was greatly increased in the liver of lithogenic diet-fed mice. Glrx1-/- mice were protected from gallstone disease induced by a lithogenic diet because their biliary cholesterol and cholesterol saturation index (CSI) were reduced. Conversely, AAV8-TBG-Glrx1 mice showed greater gallstone progression with increased cholesterol secretion and CSI. Further studies showed that Glrx1-overexpressing greatly induced bile acid levels and/or composition to increase intestinal cholesterol absorption by upregulating Cyp8b1. In addition, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and IP analysis revealed that Glrx1 also affected the function of asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) by mediating its deglutathionylation, thereby altering the expression of LXRα and controlling cholesterol secretion. CONCLUSION Our findings present novel roles of Glrx1 and Glrx1-regulated protein S-glutathionylation in gallstone formation through the targeting of cholesterol metabolism. Our data advises Glrx1 significantly increased gallstone formation by simultaneously increase bile-acid-dependent cholesterol absorption and ASGR1- LXRα-dependent cholesterol efflux. Our work suggests the potential effects of inhibiting Glrx1 activity to treat cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yimin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Chen X, Yang C, Du C, Jiang G. Clinical analysis of alcoholic pellagra: A single-center retrospective study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4707-4713. [PMID: 35500141 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pellagra caused by niacin deficiency in alcoholics can be easily misdiagnosed because of similar symptoms to other alcohol-related diseases and the lack of the classical triad of signs. AIM This study aimed to define the clinical presentation of alcoholic pellagra for early diagnosis and timely treatment. METHODS The clinical data of 16 alcohol-dependent patients who had pellagra and treated in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The local medical ethics committee approval (Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, XYFY2020-KL247-02) for this study have been obtained. RESULTS The main complaints of the 16 patients were skin lesions (six cases), diarrhea (six cases), and mental disorders (four cases). Then, 13 cases had typical skin lesions, and 3 patients had a full spectrum of diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis (3D). In terms of the main diagnosis, 2 patients had pellagra and Wernicke's encephalopathy, 3 patients had pellagra and alcohol-withdrawal syndrome, and the other patients had pellagra. After sufficient amounts of niacin and multivitamin B were given, clinical symptoms improved rapidly, and no sequelae were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Pellagra is rarely manifested as a full 3D spectrum, with only one or two characteristics, which lack diagnostic specificity, especially in individuals with alcoholism. Physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion of niacin deficiency in alcoholics. Alcohol-dependent patients with pellagra may be accompanied by complications of Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcohol-withdrawal syndrome. Prompt identification and timely treatment with a sufficient amount of niacin in combination with other vitamins and a certain amount of Zn can achieve a good prognosis of pellagra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang223002, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The second peoples Hospital of Huai'an, Huai, 223002, China
| | - Chichi Du
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
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