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Liu H, Hao J, Shen Y. Endodontic Treatment of a Dilacerated Maxillary Second Premolar With a Severely Curved Root Canal: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e59590. [PMID: 38826877 PMCID: PMC11144437 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dilaceration is a developmental anomaly characterized by a sharp change in the axial inclination between the crown and the root of a tooth. Severe root curvature in a dilacerated tooth can greatly complicate root canal treatment. This case report details the successful endodontic treatment of a dilacerated maxillary second premolar with significant root curvature. It highlights the importance of a thorough understanding of root canal anatomy and demonstrates the effectiveness of using pre-curved hand files along with heat-treated nickel-titanium rotary instruments in navigating complex root structures to achieve successful treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Conservative and Endodontic Dentistry, Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, CHN
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
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Liu H, Shen Y. Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Molar Featuring Vertucci Type V Configuration in the Distal Root: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e59905. [PMID: 38854290 PMCID: PMC11161033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful root canal treatment relies primarily on thorough shaping, cleaning, and filling of the entire root canal system. Neglecting even a single canal can significantly raise the risk of post-treatment apical periodontitis. While the distal root of mandibular second molars typically has one canal, they can also present with anatomical variations, including the presence of a Vertucci Type V configuration. This article discusses a case in which a Vertucci Type V configuration in a mandibular second molar was effectively identified and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Ya Shen
- Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
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Rathi HP, Chandak M, Reche A, Dass A, Sarangi S, Thawri SR. Smart Biomaterials: An Evolving Paradigm in Dentistry. Cureus 2023; 15:e47265. [PMID: 38021497 PMCID: PMC10654689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to definition and general agreement, smart materials have properties that can be altered in a controlled fashion by stimuli including stress, temperature, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. Various recent materials in materials science are in working order, meaning they must achieve their tasks and should go through intentional modification. Smart materials change one or more of their characteristics in response to inputs. They can be called as responsive materials. As these materials have been available for so long, they are used for a wide range of purposes. These qualities have useful applications in many different industries, including dentistry. Zirconia, shape-memory alloys, and SmartSeal obturation system (Prosmart-DRFP Ltd., Stamford, United Kingdom) are a few examples of dental materials with intelligent behavior. The creation of novel materials is a major trend in materials science. These materials might make it possible to develop cutting-edge dental therapies with vastly improved clinical results. This article reviews the following: nickel-titanium smart alloy, smart composites, self-healing composites, smart ceramics, glass ionomer cement as a smart material, SmartSeal obturation system, and smart coatings for dental implants. We can better understand these biosmart materials with the aid of this review. The development of these newer and superior smart materials makes the outcome of the treatment far better for both the operator and the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha P Rathi
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Manoj Chandak
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Abhilasha Dass
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Swayangprabha Sarangi
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Samiksha R Thawri
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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Toker SM, Orhan EO, Beklen A. Nickel ion release and surface analyses on instrument fragments fractured beyond the apex: a laboratory investigation. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:703. [PMID: 37777753 PMCID: PMC10542686 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyse the changes in surface and nickel ion release characteristics of fractured root canal shaping instruments in a simulated body fluid environment. METHODS A total of 54 new instruments were studied. The instrument groups consisted of five different NiTi alloys and a stainless-steel alloy. To standardize instrument fracture, a torsional type of failure was created on each instrument. The fractured specimens of each instrument group were randomly divided into three static immersion subgroups of 1 h, 7-day, and 30-day (n = 3). Simulated body fluid (SBF) was prepared to mimic human blood plasma by Kokubo&Takadama protocol for ex situ static immersions at 37ºC. The surfaces were examined via scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. To determine the quantitative ion release, the retrieved SBFs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests sought the statistical significance of the nickel ion values(p < 0.05). RESULTS In 1 h of immersion, the newly formed structures, exhibiting mostly oxygen signals, were widespread and evident on NiTi surfaces. In contrast, fewer structures were detected on the SS surface in that subgroup. In 7 days of immersion, a tendency for a decrease in the density of the new structures was revealed in NiTi groups. The oxygen signals on NiTi group surfaces significantly increased, contrary to their decrease in SS. Signals of sodium, chlorine, and calcium were detected, indicating salt precipitates in groups. In 30 days of immersion, salt precipitates continued to form. The Ni-ion release values in all instrument groups presented significant differences in comparison to the SBF control in all immersion periods(p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in immersion time periods or instrument groups(p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the presented study, it was concluded that the fractured SS and NiTi root canal instruments release Ni ions in contact with body fluid. However, the Ni ion release values determined during the observation periods are lower than the critical toxic or allergic thresholds defined for the human body. This was due to the ionic dissolution cycle reaching a stable state from 1-hour to 30-day exposure to the body fluid of fractured instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıdıka Mine Toker
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Ekim Onur Orhan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Arzu Beklen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey.
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abdelmomen I, Vincent M, Thiebaud F, Budzinski J, Bastogne T, Ben Zineb T, Engels-Deutsch M. Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Heat Treatments on the Flexibility of NiTi Alloy for Endodontic Instruments Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093437. [PMID: 37176319 PMCID: PMC10180458 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility of NiTi based endodontic files is improved by heat treatment, leading to lower risk of failure, ledges, and canal transportation during the preparation of curved root canals. The aim of this study is to investigate and clearly highlight the influence of every parameter of heat treatment on the flexibility of NiTi wires and thus of endodontic instruments. A full factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) and a designed bending-torsion bench following the ISO 3630-1 standard were used for this investigation. Temperature, holding time, and cooling method were selected as contributing factors, while maximum bending moment, hysteresis size, and stiffness during martensitic transformation were selected as outputs. Regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between contributing and output variables to assess how the experimentation fits with the model. The experimental results showed that wires heated at 425 °C for 30 min are more flexible. Moreover, heat treatment temperature is the most critical factor influencing the flexibility and hysteresis size of the NiTi wire followed by the holding time, while the cooling method has a negligible effect. The regression analysis showed that the model is effective at predicting the relationship between contributing factors, bending moment response, and hysteresis size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marin Vincent
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Bastogne
- CYBERnano, F-54505 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Marc Engels-Deutsch
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Chan WS, Gulati K, Peters OA. Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:91-111. [PMID: 36203965 PMCID: PMC9520078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy has been extensively researched in endodontics, particularly in cleaning and shaping the root canal system. Research advances have primarily focused on the design, shape, and geometry of the NiTi files as well as metallurgy and mechanical properties. So far, extensive investigations have been made surrounding surface and thermomechanical treatments, however, limited work has been done in the realm of surface functionalization to augment its performance in endodontics. This review summarizes the unique characteristics, current use, and latest developments in thermomechanically treated NiTi endodontic files. It discusses recent improvements in nano-engineering and the possibility of customizing the NiTi file surface for added functionalization. Whilst clinical translation of this technology has yet to be fully realized, future research direction will lie in the use of nanotechnology. Nitinol (Nickel Titanium alloy) is widely used to clean/shape root canal system in endodontics. To enhance its performance, various thermo-mechanical and nano-engineering modifications have been performed. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advances and future trends relating to functionalized NiTi endodontic files.
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El Abed R, Al Raeesi D, Alshehhi A, Alkhatib Z, Khamis AH, Jamal M, Kim HC. Effect from Autoclave Sterilization and Usage on the Fracture Resistance of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2261. [PMID: 36984141 PMCID: PMC10056662 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of mechanical loading and heating on the cyclic fatigue and torsional fracture resistances of heat-treated nickel-titanium files after usage and autoclaving. Sixty files (One Curve) were tested for cyclic fatigue and torsional fracture resistances using customized devices. The files were divided into three groups according to the test conditions (n = 10); new (group-N), used for simulated canal shaping (group-U), and sterilized after use (group-S). For cyclic fatigue resistances, the files were freely rotated in a curved metal canal under body temperature; the time elapsed to fracture was recorded and the numbers of cycles to fracture (NCF) were calculated. For the torsional resistances, the file tip was fixed and rotated until the file fractured. The maximum torsional load and distortion angle were recorded. The toughness was calculated. Fracture fragments were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at the significance level of 95%. Group-U showed significantly higher NCF than group-S (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences between groups-N and -S in the NCF (p > 0.05). Group-N showed a significantly bigger distortional angle and higher torsional toughness than groups-U and -S, but the ultimate torsional strength did not have significant difference between the groups. Under the limitation of this study, autoclave sterilization after single-usage did not improve the fracture resistance of heat-treated One Curve nickel-titanium files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid El Abed
- Endodontic Department, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana Al Raeesi
- Endodontic Department, Emirates Health Services Establishment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aisha Alshehhi
- Endodontic Department, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zuhair Alkhatib
- Endodontic Department, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Endodontic Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amar H. Khamis
- Biostatistics Department, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Jamal
- Endodontic Department, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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