1
|
Mielecki D, Gajda E, Sikorska J, Betkowska A, Rozwadowski M, Gawel AM, Kulecka M, Zeber-Lubecka N, Godlewska M, Gawel D. Resolving the role of podoplanin in the motility of papillary thyroid carcinoma-derived cells using RNA sequencing. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3810-3826. [PMID: 37560122 PMCID: PMC10407544 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular level of podoplanin (PDPN), a transmembrane protein of still unclear function, is frequently altered in metastatic tumors. High expression of PDPN is frequently observed in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) specimens. Similarly, PTC-derived cell lines (BCPAP and TPC1, harboring the BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC1 fusion, respectively), also present enhanced PDPN yield. We previously reported that depletion of PDPN impairs migration of TPC1 cells, but augments metastasis of BCPAP cells. Interestingly, this phenomenon stays in contrast to the migratory pattern observed for wild-type cells, where TPC1 exhibited higher motility than BCPAP cells. Here, we aimed to elucidate the potential role of PDPN in regulation of molecular mechanisms leading to the diverse metastatic features of the studied PTC-derived cells. We consider that this phenomenon may be caused by alternative regulation of signaling pathways due to the presence of the mutated BRAF allele or RET/PTC1 fusion. The high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique was used to uncover the genes and signaling pathways affected in wild-type and PDPN-depleted TPC1 and BCPAP cells. We found that changes in the expression of various factors of signaling pathways, like RHOA and RAC1 GTPases and their regulators, are linked with both high PDPN levels and presence of the BRAF V600E mutation. We imply that the suppressed motility of wild-type BCPAP cells results from overactivation of RHOA through natively high PDPN expression. This process is accompanied by inhibition of the PI3K kinase and consequently RAC1, due to overactivation of RAS-mediated signaling and the PTEN regulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Mielecki
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikorska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Betkowska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Rozwadowski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata M. Gawel
- Medical University of Warsaw, Histology and Embryology Students Science Association at the Department for Histology and Embryology, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gawel
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mweempwa A, Xu H, Vissers JHA, Tothill RW, Pattison AD, Fellowes AP, Thomas DM, Richardson G, Hicks RJ, Grimmond SM, Fox SB, Luen SJ, Desai J, Solomon BJ. Novel RET Fusion RET-SEPTIN9 Predicts Response to Selective RET Inhibition With Selpercatinib in Malignant Pheochromocytoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 5:1160-1165. [PMID: 34994633 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mweempwa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joseph H A Vissers
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Pattison
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Fellowes
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Richardson
- Cabrini Health, Department of Medical Oncology, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Luen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calcaterra V, Mameli C, Rossi V, Massini G, Gambino M, Baldassarre P, Zuccotti G. The Iodine Rush: Over- or Under-Iodination Risk in the Prophylactic Use of Iodine for Thyroid Blocking in the Event of a Nuclear Disaster. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:901620. [PMID: 35692388 PMCID: PMC9178126 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.901620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones (THs). Both deficient and excess iodine intakes may precipitate in adverse thyroidal events. Radioactive iodine (RI) is a common byproduct of nuclear fission processes. During nuclear emergencies RI may be released in a plume, or cloud, contaminating the environment. If inhaled or ingested, it may lead to internal radiation exposure and the uptake of RI mainly by the thyroid gland that absorbs stable iodine (SI) and RI in the same way. A dose of radiation delivered to the thyroid gland is a main risk factor for the thyroid cancer development. The SI prophylaxis helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer. The thyroid gland saturation with prophylactic SI ingestion, reduces the internal exposure of the thyroid by blocking the uptake of RI and inhibiting iodide organification. However, negative impact of inadequate SI intake must be considered. We provide an overview on the recommended iodine intake and the impact of SI and RI on thyroid in children and adolescents, discussing the benefits and adverse effects of the prophylactic SI for thyroid blocking during a nuclear accident. The use of SI for protection against RI may be recommended in cases of radiological or nuclear emergencies, moreover the administration of iodine for prophylactic purposes should be cautious. Benefits and risks should also be considered according to age. Adverse effects from iodine administration cannot be excluded. Precise indications are mandatory to use the iodine for thyroid blocking. Due to this natural adaption mechanism it's possible to tolerate large doses of iodine without clinical effects, however, a prolonged assumption of the iodine when not needed can be dangerous and may precipitate in severe thyroidal and non-thyroidal negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Valeria Calcaterra,
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Massini
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Gambino
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oh CY, Klatt MG, Bourne C, Dao T, Dacek MM, Brea EJ, Mun SS, Chang AY, Korontsvit T, Scheinberg DA. ALK and RET Inhibitors Promote HLA Class I Antigen Presentation and Unmask New Antigens within the Tumor Immunopeptidome. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1984-1997. [PMID: 31540894 PMCID: PMC6891198 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapies are often thwarted by the limited presentation of tumor-specific antigens abetted by the downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA). We showed that drugs inhibiting ALK and RET produced dose-related increases in cell-surface HLA in tumor cells bearing these mutated kinases in vitro and in vivo, as well as elevated transcript and protein expression of HLA and other antigen-processing machinery. Subsequent analysis of HLA-presented peptides after ALK and RET inhibitor treatment identified large changes in the immunopeptidome with the appearance of hundreds of new antigens, including T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP) peptides. ALK inhibition additionally decreased PD-L1 levels by 75%. Therefore, these oncogenes may enhance cancer formation by allowing tumors to evade the immune system by downregulating HLA expression. Altogether, RET and ALK inhibitors could enhance T-cell-based immunotherapies by upregulating HLA, decreasing checkpoint blockade ligands, and revealing new, immunogenic, cancer-associated antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Y Oh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Martin G Klatt
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Bourne
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan M Dacek
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Elliott J Brea
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sung Soo Mun
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aaron Y Chang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tatyana Korontsvit
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lewiński A, Adamczewski Z, Zygmunt A, Markuszewski L, Karbownik-Lewińska M, Stasiak M. Correlations between Molecular Landscape and Sonographic Image of Different Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111916. [PMID: 31717363 PMCID: PMC6912205 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common thyroid cancer, is predominantly driven by mutations in BRAF (primarily p. V600E) and RAS oncogenes. Ultrasound (US) examination provides significant diagnostic data in the management of thyroid nodules, as many sonographic features of thyroid lesions are correlated with the potential risk of thyroid carcinoma. The aim of the study was to analyze the current literature in regard to the potential associations between genetic landscape and sonographic features of PTC. Based on the current literature, sonographic features of PTCs correlate with their molecular drivers, particularly between tumors harboring BRAFV600E versus activating RAS mutations, although many of these findings appear to be dependent on the tumor variant. Suspicious US findings, such as hypoechogenicity, spiculated/microlobulated margins, non-parallel orientation/taller-than-wide shape, and the presence of microcalcifications, are typical for PTC positive for BRAFV600E mutations. On the contrary, tumors with RAS mutations are most frequently hypo- or isoechoic and ovoid-to-round in shape, with smooth margins and without calcifications. There are also some US features typical for PTCs harboring other mutations, including BRAFK601E, RET/PTC rearrangements, PAX8-PPARγ, CTNNB1, and APC. However, further research is necessary, as some rare PTC variants still cannot be reliably analyzed due to the scarce published data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (Z.A.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz; Poland; (L.M.); (M.K.-L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-42-271-1141; Fax: +48-42-271-1140
| | - Zbigniew Adamczewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (Z.A.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz; Poland; (L.M.); (M.K.-L.); (M.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Zygmunt
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (Z.A.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz; Poland; (L.M.); (M.K.-L.); (M.S.)
| | - Leszek Markuszewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz; Poland; (L.M.); (M.K.-L.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz; Poland; (L.M.); (M.K.-L.); (M.S.)
- Chair and Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stasiak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz; Poland; (L.M.); (M.K.-L.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancers: Overview of Molecular Signatures. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091290. [PMID: 31480712 PMCID: PMC6770066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous amounts of childhood thyroid cancers, mostly childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident have revealed a mutual relationship between the radiation exposure and thyroid cancer development. While the internal exposure to radioactive 131I is involved in the childhood thyroid cancers after the Chernobyl accident, people exposed to the external radiation, such as atomic-bomb (A-bomb) survivors, and the patients who received radiation therapy, have also been epidemiologically demonstrated to develop thyroid cancers. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis, studies have aimed at defining the molecular changes associated with the thyroid cancer development. Here, we overview the literatures towards the identification of oncogenic alterations, particularly gene rearrangements, and discuss the existence of radiation signatures associated with radiation-induced thyroid cancers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Martínez JRW, Vargas-Salas S, Gamboa SU, Muñoz E, Domínguez JM, León A, Droppelmann N, Solar A, Zafereo M, Holsinger FC, González HE. The Combination of RET, BRAF and Demographic Data Identifies Subsets of Patients with Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Discov Oncol 2019; 10:97-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-019-0359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
8
|
Mulligan LM. GDNF and the RET Receptor in Cancer: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1873. [PMID: 30666215 PMCID: PMC6330338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic Family Ligands (GFL) are soluble neurotrophic factors that are required for development of multiple human tissues, but which are also important contributors to human cancers. GFL signaling occurs through the transmembrane RET receptor tyrosine kinase, a well-characterized oncogene. GFL-independent RET activation, through rearrangement or point mutations occurs in thyroid and lung cancers. However, GFL-mediated activation of wildtype RET is an increasingly recognized mechanism promoting tumor growth and dissemination of a much broader group of cancers. RET and GFL expression have been implicated in metastasis or invasion in diverse human cancers including breast, pancreatic, and prostate tumors, where they are linked to poorer patient prognosis. In addition to directly inducing tumor growth in these diseases, GFL-RET signaling promotes changes in the tumor microenvironment that alter the surrounding stroma and cellular composition to enhance tumor invasion and metastasis. As such, GFL RET signaling is an important target for novel therapeutic approaches to limit tumor growth and spread and improve disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lois M. Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ronsley R, Rassekh SR, Shen Y, Lee AF, Jantzen C, Halparin J, Albert C, Hawkins DS, Amed S, Rothstein R, Mungall AJ, Dix D, Blair G, Nadel H, Jones SJM, Laskin J, Marra MA, J Deyell R. Application of genomics to identify therapeutic targets in recurrent pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:a002568. [PMID: 29610391 PMCID: PMC5880264 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) may relapse despite response to radioactive iodine (RAI). Two children with multiply relapsed PTC underwent whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. A TPM3-NTRK1 fusion was identified in one tumor, with outlier NTRK1 expression compared to the TCGA thyroid cancer compendium and to Illumina BodyMap normal thyroid. This patient demonstrated resolution of multiple pulmonary nodules without toxicity on oral TRK inhibitor therapy. A RET fusion was identified in the second tumor, another potentially actionable finding. Identification of oncogenic drivers in recurrent pediatric PTC may facilitate targeted therapy while avoiding repeated RAI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ronsley
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S Rod Rassekh
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Anna F Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Colleen Jantzen
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jessica Halparin
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Catherine Albert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Shazhan Amed
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ralph Rothstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - David Dix
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Blair
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Helen Nadel
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Deyell
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Castellone MD, Melillo RM. RET-mediated modulation of tumor microenvironment and immune response in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:T105-T119. [PMID: 28931560 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) arise from thyroid parafollicular, calcitonin-producing C-cells and can occur either as sporadic or as hereditary diseases in the context of familial syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN2B) and familial MTC (FMTC). In a large fraction of sporadic cases, and virtually in all inherited cases of MTC, activating point mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are found. RET encodes for a receptor tyrosine kinase protein endowed with transforming potential on thyroid parafollicular cells. As in other cancer types, microenvironmental factors play a critical role in MTC. Tumor-associated extracellular matrix, stromal cells and immune cells interact and influence the behavior of cancer cells both in a tumor-promoting and in a tumor-suppressing manner. Several studies have shown that, besides the neoplastic transformation of thyroid C-cells, a profound modification of tumor microenvironment has been associated to the RET FMTC/MEN2-associated oncoproteins. They influence the surrounding stroma, activating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promoting cancer-associated inflammation and suppressing anti-cancer immune response. These mechanisms might be exploited to develop innovative anti-cancer therapies and novel prognostic tools in the context of familial, RET-associated MTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G. Salvatore'Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie MedicheUniversity of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khatami F, Tavangar SM. A Review of Driver Genetic Alterations in Thyroid Cancers. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 13:125-135. [PMID: 30697281 PMCID: PMC6339486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a frequent endocrine-related malignancy with continuously increasing incidence, and recently the development in understanding its molecular pathogenesis is mainly through the explanation of the original role of several key signaling pathways and related molecular distributors. Central to these mechanisms are the genetic and epigenetic alterations in these pathways such as mutation and DNA rearrangements. However, it does not mean that all the somatic abnormalities in a cancer genome are involved in cancer development and just driver mutations are concerned in tumor initiation. By way of illustrations, MAPK pathway motivated by BRAF V600E and RAS and RET / PTC rearrangements are suggesting driver genetic alterations in follicular derived thyroid cancers considered in the current review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Dept. of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Dept. of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
3D Genome Organization Influences the Chromosome Translocation Pattern. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1044:113-133. [PMID: 29956294 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent imaging, molecular, and computational modeling studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge of how eukaryotic chromosomes are folded in the nuclear space. This work has begun to reveal how 3D genome structure contributes to various DNA-mediated metabolic activities such as replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. Failure of proper DNA repair can lead to the chromosomal translocations observed in human cancers and other diseases. Questions about the role of 3D genome structure in translocation mechanisms have interested scientists for decades. Recent applications of imaging and Chromosome Conformation Capture approaches have clarified the influence of proximal positioning of chromosomal domains and gene loci on the formation of chromosomal translocations. These approaches have revealed the importance of 3D genome structure not only in translocation partner selection, but also in repair efficiency, likelihood of DNA damage, and the biological implications of translocations. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of the role of 3D genome structure in chromosome translocation formation and its potential implications in disease outcome.
Collapse
|
13
|
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo activity of a multityrosine kinase inhibitor, AL3810, against human thyroid cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1533-1542. [PMID: 28795691 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine neoplasia. Despite recent breakthroughs in treatment of the disease, the treatment of advanced, progressive thyroid cancers remains challenging with limited therapeutic options available. In this study, we evaluated a novel and orally bioavailable small-molecule multiple tyrosine kinases inhibitor, AL3810, in preclinical models of thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. AL3810 (2-5 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of human thyroid cancer cell lines TT, SW579 and TPC-1 in vitro with IC50 values ranging from 0.59 to 7.03 μmol/L. Specifically, this agent dose-dependently arrested the thyroid cancer cells in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, AL3810 dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of SW579 and TPC-1 cells in vitro. In SW579 and TT xenograft models, oral administration of AL3810 (5-20 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 21 d potently inhibited the tumor growth; immunohistochemical staining revealed that the antitumor activity of AL3810 was closely correlated with its anti-angiogenesis effect, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction of microvessels in tumor tissues. To assess the therapeutic potential of AL3810 in treating thyroid cancer involving RET gene fusion, we showed that AL3810 (1-10 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of RET-driven Baf3 cell line Baf3-CCDC6-RET, and the auto-phosphorylation of RET in these cells. Our data suggest that AL3810 is a promising agent for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Moretti S, Menicali E, Nucci N, Voce P, Colella R, Melillo RM, Liotti F, Morelli S, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A, Santoro M, Avenia N, Puxeddu E. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Plays a Pivotal Role in RET/PTC3 Oncogene-induced Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1785-1797. [PMID: 27994058 PMCID: PMC5290952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a single chain oxidoreductase that catalyzes tryptophan degradation to kynurenine. In cancer, it exerts an immunosuppressive function as part of an acquired mechanism of immune escape. Recently, we demonstrated that IDO1 expression is significantly higher in all thyroid cancer histotypes compared with normal thyroid and that its expression levels correlate with T regulatory (Treg) lymphocyte densities in the tumor microenvironment. BRAFV600E- and RET/PTC3-expressing PcCL3 cells were used as cellular models for the evaluation of IDO1 expression in thyroid carcinoma cells and for the study of involved signal transduction pathways. BRAFV600E-expressing PcCL3 cells did not show IDO1 expression. Conversely, RET/PTC3-expressing cells were characterized by a high IDO1 expression. Moreover, we found that, the STAT1-IRF1 pathway was instrumental for IDO1 expression in RET/PTC3 expressing cells. In detail, RET/PTC3 induced STAT1 overexpression and phosphorylation at Ser-727 and Tyr-701. STAT1 transcriptional regulation appeared to require activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway. Conversely, activation of the MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways primarily regulated Ser-727 phosphorylation, whereas a physical interaction between RET/PTC3 and STAT1, followed by a direct tyrosine phosphorylation event, was necessary for STAT1 Tyr-701 phosphorylation. These data provide the first evidence of a direct link between IDO1 expression and the oncogenic activation of RET in thyroid carcinoma and describe the involved signal transduction pathways. Moreover, they suggest possible novel molecular targets for the abrogation of tumor microenvironment immunosuppression. The detection of those targets is becoming increasingly important to yield the full function of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moretti
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia; the Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (CRiProGeT), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni
| | - Elisa Menicali
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia; the Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (CRiProGeT), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni
| | - Nicole Nucci
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia; the Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (CRiProGeT), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni
| | - Pasquale Voce
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia; the Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (CRiProGeT), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni
| | - Renato Colella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- the Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II,", 80131 Naples, Italy; Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Liotti
- the Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II,", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Morelli
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia; the Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (CRiProGeT), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni
| | | | | | - Massimo Santoro
- the Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II,", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Avenia
- the Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (CRiProGeT), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni; Departments of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia; the Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (CRiProGeT), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
RET/PTC3 Rearrangement in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Possible Marker of Tumor Progression. Ann Surg 2016; 266:e120-e121. [PMID: 27849670 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Dimitrakopoulos GN, Balomenos P, Vrahatis AG, Sgarbas K, Bezerianos A. Identifying disease network perturbations through regression on gene expression and pathway topology analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:5969-5972. [PMID: 28269612 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Systems Biology, network-based approaches have been extensively used to effectively study complex diseases. An important challenge is the detection of network perturbations which disrupt regular biological functions as a result of a disease. In this regard, we introduce a network based pathway analysis method which isolates casual interactions with significant regulatory roles within diseased-perturbed pathways. Specifically, we use gene expression data with Random Forest regression models to assess the interactivity strengths of genes within disease-perturbed networks, using KEGG pathway maps as a source of prior-knowledge pertaining to pathway topology. We deliver as output a network with imprinted perturbations corresponding to the biological phenomena arising in a disease-oriented experiment. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated on a serous papillary ovarian cancer experiment and results highlight the functional roles of high impact interactions and key gene regulators which cause strong perturbations on pathway networks, in accordance with experimentally validated knowledge from recent literature.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bible KC, Cote GJ, Demeure MJ, Elisei R, Jhiang S, Ringel MD. Correlative Studies in Clinical Trials: A Position Statement From the International Thyroid Oncology Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4387-95. [PMID: 26418285 PMCID: PMC5399506 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with progressive thyroid cancer in distant metastatic sites represent a population with a need for new therapeutic options. Aspiring to improve the treatment of such patients, the objective of this position statement from the International Thyroid Oncology Group (ITOG) is to clarify the importance of incorporating high-quality correlative studies into clinical trials. PARTICIPANTS ITOG was formed to develop and support high-quality multicenter and multidisciplinary clinical trials for patients with aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. The Correlative Sciences Committee of the ITOG focuses on the quality and types of correlative studies included in ITOG-associated clinical trials. EVIDENCE This document represents expert consensus from ITOG regarding this issue based on extensive collective experience in clinical and translational trials informed by basic science. CONSENSUS PROCESS The Correlative Studies Committee identified an international writing group representative of diverse specialties, including basic sciences. Drafts were reviewed by all members of the writing group, the larger committee, and the ITOG board. After consideration of all comments by the writing group and modification of the document, the final document was then approved by the authors and the ITOG board. CONCLUSIONS High-quality correlative studies, which include variety in the types of correlates, should be intrinsic to the design of thyroid cancer clinical trials to offer the best opportunity for each study to advance treatment for patients with advanced and progressive thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Bible
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Gilbert J Cote
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Michael J Demeure
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Sissy Jhiang
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bastos AU, Oler G, Nozima BHN, Moysés RA, Cerutti JM. BRAF V600E and decreased NIS and TPO expression are associated with aggressiveness of a subgroup of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:525-40. [PMID: 26338373 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence has dramatically increased worldwide over the last two decades. The rise is mostly due to an increased detection of small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) (≤20 mm), predominantly microPTC (≤10 mm). Although small tumors generally have an excellent outcome, a considerable percentage may have a more aggressive disease and worse prognosis. The clinical challenge is to preoperatively identify those tumors that are more likely to recur. AIM To improve risk stratification and patient management, we sought to determine the prognostic value of BRAF V600E, NRAS or RET/PTC mutations in patients with PTC measuring <20 mm, mainly microPTC. METHODS The prevalence of RET/PTC fusion genes was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. BRAF V600E and NRAS Q61 mutations were determined by PCR sequencing. To further elucidate why some small PTC are less responsive to radioactive iodine treatment therapy, we explored if these genetic alterations may modulate the expression of iodine metabolism genes (NIS, TPO, TG, TSHR and PDS) and correlated with clinico-pathological findings that are predictors of recurrence. RESULTS This study shows that tumors measuring ≤20 mm exhibited higher prevalence of BRAF V600E mutation, which correlated with aggressive histopathological parameters, higher risk of recurrence, and lower expression of NIS and TPO. Although this correlation was not found when microPTC were evaluated, we show that tumors measuring 7-10 mm, which were positive for BRAF mutation, presented more aggressive features and lower expression of NIS and TPO. CONCLUSION We believe that our findings will help to decide the realistic usefulness of BRAF V600E mutation as a preoperative marker of poor prognosis in small PTC, primarily in microPTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Uchimura Bastos
- Laboratório as Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11° andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oler
- Laboratório as Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11° andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Heidi Nakano Nozima
- Laboratório as Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11° andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ajub Moysés
- Laboratório as Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11° andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Maria Cerutti
- Laboratório as Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11° andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lv N, Gao Y, Guan H, Wu D, Ding S, Teng W, Shan Z. Inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, induce EMT in human PTC cell lines. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2591-2597. [PMID: 26622895 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, promote adverse outcomes in numerous types of cancer; however, their role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of TNF-α and IFN-γ on the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the three PTC cell lines, TPC-1, BCPAP and K1. The effect of TNF-α and IFN-γ on cell migration and invasion was assessed by wound-healing and Transwell assays. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the EMT makers, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin, were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblot analysis. The wound-healing and Transwell experiments revealed that TNF-α and IFN-γ increased the migratory and invasive behavior of PTC cells (P<0.05). RT-qPCR revealed that TNF-α and IFN-γ downregulated E-cadherin mRNA, while they upregulated N-cadherin and vimentin mRNA expression levels. These results were further confirmed by the immunoblot analysis. The results of the present study suggest that TNF-α and IFN-γ induce EMT and malignant progression in human PTC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Gao
- Research Center of Stem Cell, He Eye Hospital, He University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110163, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shuangning Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Suzuki K, Mitsutake N, Saenko V, Yamashita S. Radiation signatures in childhood thyroid cancers after the Chernobyl accident: possible roles of radiation in carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:127-33. [PMID: 25483826 PMCID: PMC4399027 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, cancer risk from low-dose radiation exposure has been deeply concerning. The linear no-threshold model is applied for the purpose of radiation protection, but it is a model based on the concept that ionizing radiation induces stochastic oncogenic alterations in the target cells. As the elucidation of the mechanism of radiation-induced carcinogenesis is indispensable to justify the concept, studies aimed at the determination of molecular changes associated with thyroid cancers among children who suffered effects from the Chernobyl nuclear accident will be overviewed. We intend to discuss whether any radiation signatures are associated with radiation-induced childhood thyroid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cabanillas ME, Brose MS, Holland J, Ferguson KC, Sherman SI. A phase I study of cabozantinib (XL184) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2014; 24:1508-14. [PMID: 25102375 PMCID: PMC4195402 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabozantinib targets tyrosine kinases including MET, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, and rearranged during transfection (RET). Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a tumor type that may be sensitive to cabozantinib. Therefore, we evaluated cabozantinib in a cohort of heavily pretreated patients with metastatic DTC. METHODS This single-arm open-label phase I trial assessed the safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of cabozantinib in DTC patients taking part in a drug-drug interaction study. Adult patients with histologically confirmed metastatic or surgically unresectable DTC (including papillary, follicular, or Hürthle cell) were enrolled. Patients received daily oral dosing of 140 mg cabozantinib. Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverse events (AEs), vital signs, electrocardiograms, laboratory tests, and concomitant medications. Tumor response by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan was investigator assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.0. RESULTS The study enrolled 15 patients who had failed standard radioactive iodine therapy. Patients had received a median of two prior systemic agents, and 11 patients (73%) had previously received at least one VEGF pathway inhibiting therapy. Common AEs included diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and decreased appetite. Partial response was reported in eight patients (53%). Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were not reached. CONCLUSIONS Cabozantinib demonstrates a safety profile similar to other multitargeted VEGFR inhibitors in advanced DTC patients. The antitumor activity observed in this study warrants further investigation of cabozantinib in patients with advanced DTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcia S. Brose
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Steven I. Sherman
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moretti S, Menicali E, Voce P, Morelli S, Cantarelli S, Sponziello M, Colella R, Fallarino F, Orabona C, Alunno A, de Biase D, Bini V, Mameli MG, Filetti S, Gerli R, Macchiarulo A, Melillo RM, Tallini G, Santoro M, Puccetti P, Avenia N, Puxeddu E. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is up-regulated in thyroid carcinoma and drives the development of an immunosuppressant tumor microenvironment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E832-40. [PMID: 24517146 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a single chain oxidoreductase that catalyzes tryptophan degradation to kynurenine. In cancer, it appears to exert an immunosuppressive function as part of an acquired mechanism of immune escape mediated by the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and survival and by the induction of FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate IDO1 expression in thyroid carcinoma and demonstrate its immunosuppressive function in the context of thyroid tumors. SETTING IDO1 expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR in 105 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), 11 medullary thyroid carcinomas, six anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, and five thyroid carcinoma cell lines (TCCLs), by immunohistochemistry in 55 PTCs and by Western blotting in five TCCLs. FoxP3+ Treg lymphocyte density was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 29 PTCs. IDO1 inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation was tested in coculture experiments of TCCLs and activated lymphocytes. RESULTS IDO1 mRNA expression resulted significantly higher in all the analyzed thyroid carcinoma histotypes compared with normal thyroid. Interestingly, an increase of IDO1 mRNA expression magnitude could be observed with gain of aggressiveness (PTCs and medullary thyroid carcinomas ≪ anaplastic thyroid carcinomas). In PTCs, IDO1 mRNA expression magnitude correlated with IDO1 immunostaining intensity in cancer cells and with FoxP3+ Treg lymphocyte density in the tumor microenvironment. IDO1 was expressed in human thyroid cancer cell lines in vitro, and FTC-133 cells showed high kynurenine concentration in the conditioned medium and a strong suppressive action on the proliferation of activated lymphocytes in coculture experiments. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this study demonstrates a pivotal role of IDO1 in the suppression of lymphocyte function in thyroid carcinoma microenvironment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Up-Regulation/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moretti
- Departments of Internal Medicine (S.Moret., E.M., P.V., S.Morel., S.C., V.B., E.P.), Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (R.C., F.F., C.O., M.G.M., P.P.), Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.A., R.G.), Chemistry and Drug Technology (A.M.), and Surgery (N.A.), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; Research Centre of Thyroid Proteomics and Genomics (S.Moret., E.M., P.V., S.Morel., N.A., E.P.), University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences (M.S., S.F.), University of Rome "Sapienza," 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (D.d.B., G.T.), Anatomic Pathology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnological Sciences (R.M.M., M.S.), University of Naples "Federico II," 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brehar AC, Brehar FM, Bulgar AC, Dumitrache C. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Med Life 2013; 6:403-8. [PMID: 24868250 PMCID: PMC4034295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has a favorable prognosis, but it is important to identify those patients who have a high risk of progressive disease and DTC-related death at the time of diagnosis. Analyzing genetic and epigenetic alterations in thyroid cancer may play a role in tumor diagnosis, prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AC Brehar
- “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest
| | - FM Brehar
- “Bagdasar Arseni” Emergency Hospital, Bucharest,”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
| | - AC Bulgar
- “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest
| | - C Dumitrache
- “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest,”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Borrello MG, Ardini E, Locati LD, Greco A, Licitra L, Pierotti MA. RET inhibition: implications in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:403-19. [PMID: 23461584 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.758715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The RET gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for ontogenesis of the enteric nervous system and kidney. Following identification of RET, it was found that somatic rearrangements of this gene, conventionally designated as RET/PTC, are frequently present in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Subsequently, activating germ line point mutations of RET were identified as being responsible for the hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma syndromes MEN2A, MEN2B and FMTC. RET rearrangements have recently been identified in a small fraction of lung adenocarcinomas. AREA COVERED The authors review the current field concerning the RET gene and protein, its involvement in cancer and the preclinical and clinical studies which highlight its role as a potentially important therapeutic target for several cancers. EXPERT OPINION Many multitargeted inhibitors which crossreact with RET have been developed and investigated in clinical trials targeting many cancer indications. In particular, VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitors, widely explored as antiangiogenics, have been intensively studied in thyroid carcinoma patients. Notwithstanding the efficacy observed with such agents, their common clinical activity in thyroid carcinoma is of short duration and includes frequent and severe side effects, limiting their therapeutic action. These findings are discussed and the need for improved, more specific RET-targeting drugs is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Borrello
- UO Molecular Mechanisms, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via GA. Amadeo, 42-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|