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Bai F, Liu X, Zhang X, Mao Z, Wen H, Ma J, Pei XH. p18INK4C and BRCA1 inhibit follicular cell proliferation and dedifferentiation in thyroid cancer. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1637-1653. [PMID: 37345432 PMCID: PMC10361144 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2225938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Only 3% of thyroid cancers are medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs), the rest are follicular epithelial cell derived non-MTCs (NMTCs). A dysfunctional INK4-CDK4-RB pathway is detected in most of NMTCs. DNA repair defects and genome instability are associated with NMTC dedifferentiation and aggressiveness. Whether inactivation of the INK4-CDK4-RB pathway induces NMTCs and how differentiation of NMTC cells is controlled remain elusive. In this study, we generated p18Ink4c and Brca1 singly and doubly deficient mice as well as p16Ink4a and Brca1 singly and doubly deficient mice. By using these mice and human thyroid carcinoma cell lines, we discovered that loss of p18Ink4c, not p16Ink4a, in mice stimulated follicular cell proliferation and induced NMTCs. Depletion of Brca1 alone or both p16Ink4a and Brca1 did not induce thyroid tumor. Depletion of Brca1 in p18Ink4c null mice results in poorly differentiated and aggressive NMTCs with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features and enhanced DNA damage. Knockdown of BRCA1 in thyroid carcinoma cells activated EMT and promoted tumorigenesis whereas overexpression of BRCA1 inhibited EMT. BRCA1 and EMT marker expression were inversely related in human thyroid cancers. Our finding, for the first time, demonstrates that inactivation of INK4-CDK4-RB pathway induces NMTCs and that Brca1 deficiency promotes dedifferentiation of NMTC cells. These results suggest that BRCA1 and p18INK4C collaboratively suppress thyroid tumorigenesis and progression and CDK4 inhibitors will be effective for treatment of INK4-inactivated or cyclin D-overexpressed thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Mao
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinshan Ma
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Wu LH, Pangilinan CR, Lee CH. Downregulation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway for Salmonella-mediated autophagy in human anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:3268-3279. [PMID: 36118522 PMCID: PMC9475365 DOI: 10.7150/jca.75163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has been known as the most common endocrine malignancy. Although majority of thyroid cancer types respond well to conventional treatment including surgery and radioactive iodine therapy, about 10% of those with differentiated thyroid cancer will present distant metastasis and will have persistent or recurrent disease. Even more serious is a rare type of thyroid cancer called anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), which accounts for about 1%, has been demonstrated as the most lethal and aggressive form of human malignancy. Unfortunately, these tumors are also frequently resistant to traditional therapy. Previous study have shown that Salmonella inhibits tumor growth, in part, by inducing autophagy - a cellular process that is important in the innate and adaptive immunity in response to viral or bacterial infection. In our study, we intended to investigate whether Salmonella can inhibit tumor growth by inducing autophagy, specifically in thyroid cancer and elucidate the possible molecular mechanism. In order to determine the signaling pathway involved in tumor cell autophagy, we used Salmonella to treat ATC cells line ASH-3 and KMH-2 in vitro. The autophagic markers, particularly autophagy-related gene 6 (Beclin-1), microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and p62, were observed to be differentially expressed after infection with Salmonella indicating an activated autophagy in ATC cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of phospho-protein kinase B (P-AKT), phospho-mammalian targets of rapamycin (P-mTOR), phospho-p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (P-p70S6K) in tumor cells were decreased after Salmonella infection. In vivo, we also found that substantial cell numbers of Salmonella targeted tumor tissue, and regulated anti-tumor mechanisms. Our findings showed that Salmonella activated autophagic signaling pathway and inhibited ATC tumor growth via downregulation of AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsien Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Christian R Pangilinan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,International PhD Program for Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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3
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Jing C, Li Y, Gao Z, Wang R. Antitumor activity of Koningic acid in thyroid cancer by inhibiting cellular glycolysis. Endocrine 2022; 75:169-177. [PMID: 34264510 PMCID: PMC8763937 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Koningic acid (KA), a sesquiterpene lactone, has been identified as an antimicrobial agent. Recent studies have revealed KA's antitumor activities in colorectal cancer, leukemia, and lung cancer. However, its antitumor effect in thyroid cancer remains largely unknown. METHODS The effects of KA on proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. After KA treatment, the glycolysis ability of thyroid cancer cells was detected by ECAR, and the glycolytic products and relative ATP levels were measured by ELISA. The underlying mechanisms of antineoplastic activity of KA in thyroid cancer were detected by Western blot. Finally, the antineoplastic activity in vivo was observed in Xenograft mouse models. RESULTS KA inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and increased cell apoptosis in thyroid cancer cell lines in a dose and time-dependent manner. We verified that the glycolysis ability, ATP production, and lactic acid level in thyroid cancer cells had experienced an extensive decrease after KA treatment. In addition, lactic acid, the metabolite of glycolysis, could weaken the effect of KA on its colony formation ability in C643 thyroid cancer cell line. Our data also showed that KA kills thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway and decreasing Bcl-2 level. By contrast with the control group, the growth of xenograft tumor was dramatically inhibited by KA without obvious drug side effects. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that KA kills thyroid cancer cell lines by inhibiting their glycolysis ability, the MAPK/ERK pathway and the Bcl-2 level and suggest that KA has potential clinical value in thyroid cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Yulin, 719000, Yulin, PR China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Yulin, 719000, Yulin, PR China
| | - Zhifei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Yulin, 719000, Yulin, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Yulin, 719000, Yulin, PR China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, PR China.
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4
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Lv J, Liu C, Chen FK, Feng ZP, Jia L, Liu PJ, Yang ZX, Hou F, Deng ZY. M2‑like tumour‑associated macrophage‑secreted IGF promotes thyroid cancer stemness and metastasis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:604. [PMID: 34184083 PMCID: PMC8258465 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
M2‑like tumour‑associated macrophages (TAMs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). However, the underlying mechanism of M2‑like TAMs in ATC remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, the role and mechanism of M2‑like TAMs in ATC were investigated. M2‑like TAMs were induced by treatment with PMA, plus IL‑4 and IL‑13, and identified by flow cytometry. Transwell and sphere formation assays were applied to assess the invasion and stemness of ATC cells. The expression levels of insulin‑like growth factor (IGF)‑1 and IGF‑2 were examined by ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Proteins related to the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were examined via western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of the M2‑like TAM markers CD68 and CD206 in ATC tissues and thyroid adenoma tissues. It was found that treatment with PMA plus IL‑4 and IL‑13 successfully induced M2‑like TAMs. Following co‑culture with M2‑like TAMs, the invasive ability and stemness of ATC cells were significantly increased. The expression levels of the EMT‑related markers N‑cadherin and Vimentin, the stemness‑related markers Oct4, Sox2 and CD133, and the insulin receptor (IR)‑A/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) were markedly upregulated, whereas E‑cadherin expression was significantly decreased. In addition, the production of IGF‑1 and IGF‑2 was significantly increased. Of note, exogenous IGF‑1/IGF‑2 promoted the invasion and stemness of C643 cells, whereas blocking IGF‑1 and IGF‑2 inhibited metastasis and stemness by repressing IR‑A/IGF‑1R‑mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling in the co‑culture system. IHC results showed that the expression of CD68 and CD206 was obviously increased in ATC tissues. To conclude, M2‑like TAMs accelerated the metastasis and increased the stemness of ATC cells, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the section of IGF by M2‑like TAMs, which activates the IR‑A/IGF1R‑mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Kun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fei Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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Survival Benefit of Intervention Treatment in Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Int J Surg Oncol 2021; 2021:5545127. [PMID: 34123423 PMCID: PMC8192187 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is controversial; thus, proper treatment and prognostic factors should be investigated. Objectives To compare the survival outcomes of the intervention and palliative treatment in ATC patients. Methods A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary university hospital. The medical record charts were retrieved from November 20, 1987, to December 31, 2016. The final follow-up ended by December 31, 2017. The patients' demographic data, laboratory data, clinical presentation, and treatment modality results were analyzed. Results One hundred twenty-one records were analyzed with a one-year overall survival rate of 3.5% (median survival time: 77 days); however, 16 cases had insufficient data to classify staging and treatment modalities. Therefore, 105 ATC patients (37 with stage IVa, 39 with stage IVb, and 29 with stage IVc disease) were included with a one-year overall survival rate of 4.0% (median survival time of 82 days). Intervention treatment allowed longer median survival times (p < 0.05) and a better survival rate (p < 0.05). Among the interventional treatment groups, postoperative chemoradiation yielded the longest median survival time (187 days) and the highest survival rate (20%) (p < 0.05). The intervention modality allowed a better median survival time at all stages, particularly in stage IVa (p < 0.05). Unfavorable prognostic factors were adjusted for in a multiple Cox regression model showing that significant factors included age ≥65 years (hazard ratio HR: 2.57), palliative treatment (HR: 1.85), and leukocytosis ≥10,000 cells/mm3 (HR: 2.76). Conclusions Intervention treatment provided a better survival outcome in all stages, particularly in stage IVa, with a significantly better median survival time. Among interventional treatments, postoperative chemoradiation led to the longest survival rate, suggesting that this treatment should be considered in ATC patients with resectable tumors and no poor prognostic factors, such as older age and leukocytosis.
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6
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Perumal S, Gangadaran P, Bae YW, Ahn BC, Cheong IW. Noncovalent Functionalized Graphene Nanocarriers from Graphite for Treating Thyroid Cancer Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2317-2328. [PMID: 33872491 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, biocompatible graphene (G) nanocarriers decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared using 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA). For this, we report the use of graphite directly instead of graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide. Graphene nanocarrier (in situ GIOPMPC) was prepared in one-pot by in situ copolymerization of MPC and PEGMA monomers in the presence of IONPs and G. GIOPMCP nanocarriers were prepared by sonication using PMPC-co-PEGMA copolymers in the presence of IONPs and G. The prepared graphene nanocarriers were thoroughly characterized by various techniques. The analyses confirmed the successful preparation of nanocarriers with even distributions of PMPC-co-PEGMA and IONPs on surface G. The IONPs were coordinated through the phosphate groups in PMPC. Excellent dispersibility of the graphene nanocarriers in water enabled drug delivery applications. The prepared nanocarriers did not show significant cytotoxicity to the thyroid cancer cells up to 8 mg/mL (IC50: 38.26 mg/mL). Thyroid cancer cells were stably transduced with a bioluminescent reporter to monitor cell cytotoxicity. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto in situ GIOPMPC nanocarriers at two different concentrations and was successfully delivered to thyroid cancer cells, resulting in strong cytotoxicity. Moreover, signaling mechanistic analyses showed apoptosis activation, inhibition of anti-apoptosis and proliferation, and increased DNA damage in the thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguna Perumal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Won Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Thyroid Cancer Stem-Like Cells: From Microenvironmental Niches to Therapeutic Strategies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071455. [PMID: 33916320 PMCID: PMC8037626 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Recent progress in thyroid cancer biology revealed a certain degree of intratumoral heterogeneity, highlighting the coexistence of cellular subpopulations with distinct proliferative capacities and differentiation abilities. Among those subpopulations, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to drive TC heterogeneity, contributing to its metastatic potential and therapy resistance. CSCs principally exist in tumor areas with specific microenvironmental conditions, the so-called stem cell niches. In particular, in thyroid cancer, CSCs' survival is enhanced in the hypoxic niche, the immune niche, and some areas with specific extracellular matrix composition. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about thyroid CSCs, the tumoral niches that allow their survival, and the implications for TC therapy.
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8
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Ghorbani-Anarkooli M, Dabirian S, Zendedel A, Moladoust H, Bahadori MH. Effects of melatonin on the toxicity and proliferation of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151700. [PMID: 33667778 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but most aggressive cancer. Melatonin has enhanced or induced apoptosis in many different cancer cells, however, there has not been any study on the effects of melatonin in the treatment of ATC. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin on cytotoxicity in the human ATC cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured ATC cells were treated at melatonin concentrations 0.6, 1, 4, 16, 28 mM for 24 h. The MTT assay was performed to examine cell viability. Cytotoxicity was assayed with the determination of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Apoptosis was detected by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33342 staining. Giemsa staining is considered for evaluating the morphological changes of ATC cells. The reproductive ability of cells to form a colony was evaluated by the clonogenic assay. RESULTS Results showed that melatonin could significantly decrease cell viability and the lowest cell viability was observed at 28 mM, 10.26 % ± 0.858 versus control. Similar results were obtained when analyzing LDH activity. The highest LDH levels were observed at 16 and 28 mM (546.08 ± 4.66, 577.82 ± 3.14 munit/mL versus control) that confirmed the occurrence of late apoptosis. The clonogenic assay showed that cells at the high concentration of melatonin (16 and 28 mM) don't enable to form the colony that approved the occurrence of reproductive death. CONCLUSION Our results showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of melatonin on ATC cells that significantly decreased cell viability and induced cell reproductive death at the concentration greater than 1 mM and findings suggested that MLT might be useful as an adjuvant in ATC therapy.
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Singla G, Singla T, Das S, Arora R, Singla S. Cytomorphological diagnosis of rapidly growing, hard, non-tender thyroid lesion. Cytojournal 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32636921 PMCID: PMC7332510 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_6_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singla
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanisha Singla
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumanta Das
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Singla
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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10
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Pembrolizumab for anaplastic thyroid cancer: a case study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1921-1934. [PMID: 31637475 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with targeted monoclonal antibodies has demonstrated encouraging anti-tumour activity in multiple cancer types. We present the case of a patient with BRAF-negative stage IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, pembrolizumab, following radiographic progression on chemoradiation. Blood samples were collected prior to and at four time points during treatment with pembrolizumab. Mass cytometry was used to determine expression of relevant biomarkers by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Faecal samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks following treatment initiation; taxonomic profiling using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed. Following treatment, a marked expansion in CD20+ B cell, CD16+ CD56lo NK cell and CD45RO+ CCR7+ central memory CD4+ T-cell populations was observed in the peripheral blood. Proportions of cells expressing the co-receptors TIGIT, OX40 and CD86 also increased during treatment. A high abundance of bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, specifically from the Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae families, was identified in the faecal microbiota. Moreover, the patient's microbiome was enriched in Clostridiales order members Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Alpha diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly higher following initiation of checkpoint therapy as assessed by the Shannon and Simpson index. Our results suggest that treatment with pembrolizumab promotes expansion of T-, B- and NK cell populations in the peripheral blood at the time of tumour regression and have the potential to be implemented as predictive biomarkers in the context of checkpoint blockade therapy. Larger studies to confirm these findings are warranted.
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Virotherapy as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101532. [PMID: 31636245 PMCID: PMC6826611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy is a novel cancer treatment based on oncolytic viruses (OVs), which selectively infect and lyse cancer cells, without harming normal cells or tissues. Several viruses, either naturally occurring or developed through genetic engineering, are currently under investigation in clinical studies. Emerging reports suggesting the immune-stimulatory property of OVs against tumor cells further support the clinical use of OVs for the treatment of lesions lacking effective therapies. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Therefore, several groups investigated the therapeutic potential of OVs in PDTC/ATC models producing experimental data sustaining the potential clinical efficacy of OVs in these cancer models. Moreover, the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment further supports the potential use of OVs in ATC. In this review, we present the results of the studies evaluating the efficacy of OVs alone or in combination with other treatment options. In particular, their potential therapeutic combination with multiple kinases inhibitors (MKIs) or immune checkpoint inhibitors are discussed.
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12
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Fan D, Ma J, Bell AC, Groen AH, Olsen KS, Lok BH, Leeman JE, Anderson E, Riaz N, McBride S, Ganly I, Shaha AR, Sherman EJ, Tsai CJ, Kang JJ, Lee NY. Outcomes of multimodal therapy in a large series of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer 2019; 126:444-452. [PMID: 31593317 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) for local tumor control is critical because mortality often is secondary to complications of tumor volume rather than metastatic disease. Herein, the authors report the long-term outcomes of RT for patients with ATC. METHODS A total of 104 patients with histologically confirmed ATC were identified who presented to the study institution between 1984 and 2017 and who received curative-intent or postoperative RT. Locoregional progression-free survival (LPFS), overall survival (OS), and distant metastasis-free survival were assessed. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 63.5 years. The median follow-up was 5.9 months (interquartile range, 2.7-17.0 months) for the entire cohort and 10.6 months (interquartile range, 5.3-40.0 months) for surviving patients. Thirty-one patients (29.8%) had metastatic disease prior to the initiation of RT. Concurrent chemoradiation was administered in 99 patients (95.2%) and 53 patients (51.0%) received trimodal therapy. Systemic therapy included doxorubicin (73.7%), paclitaxel with or without pazopanib (24.3%), and other systemic agents (2.0%). The 1-year OS and LPFS rates were 34.4% and 74.4%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, RT ≥60 Gy was associated with improved LPFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.135; P = .001) and improved OS (HR, 0.487; P = .004), and trimodal therapy was associated with improved LPFS (HR, 0.060; P = .017). The most commonly observed acute grade 3 adverse events included dermatitis (20%) and mucositis (13%), with no grade 4 subacute or late adverse events noted (adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). CONCLUSIONS RT appears to demonstrate a dose-dependent, persistent LPFS and OS benefit in patients with locally advanced ATC with an acceptable toxicity profile. Aggressive RT should be strongly considered for the treatment of patients with ATC as part of a trimodal treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew C Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andries H Groen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kyrie S Olsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan E Leeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ashok R Shaha
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric J Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - C Jillian Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jung J Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Y Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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13
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Fuladi R, Nagarkar R, Roy S. Metastasis to Stomach in a Patient with Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Clinical Challenge. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2019; 20:134-138. [PMID: 30705249 PMCID: PMC6368130 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.913736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 71 Final Diagnosis: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma Symptoms: Breathlessness Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Total thyroidectomy along with left modified radical neck dissection Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Fuladi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajnish Nagarkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sirshendu Roy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma with Gastric Metastasis. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2018; 44:294-298. [PMID: 30647951 PMCID: PMC6311218 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.44.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Carcinomas of the thyroid gland represent 3% of all malignancies, with 1.3 to 9.8% corresponding to
anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC). Metastases are present in 50% of patients when ATC is diagnosed.
Gastrointestinal metastases are a rare finding in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Case report. A 68-year old
gentleman with a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) underwent surgery and radiopharmaceutical therapy.
Restaging studies nine months later suggested wall thickening localizing to the distal stomach. Endoscopy results
showed a large, infiltrative, subepithelial, and ulcerated gastric mass and biopsies revealed anaplastic thyroid
carcinoma Conclusion. Incidental thickening or other findings in the stomach in a patient with ATC without
gastrointestinal symptoms should be further investigated with endoscopy and biopsies to rule out gastric
metastases from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
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15
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A selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4, 6 dual inhibitor, Ribociclib (LEE011) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in aggressive thyroid cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:131-140. [PMID: 29306020 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The RB-E2F1 pathway is an important mechanism of cell-cycle control, and deregulation of this pathway is one of the key factors contributing to tumorigenesis. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Cyclin D have been known to increase in aggressive thyroid cancer. However, there has been no study to investigate effects of a selective CDK 4/6 inhibitor, Ribociclib (LEE011), in thyroid cancer. Performing Western blotting, we found that RB phosphorylation and the expression of Cyclin D are significantly higher in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell lines as well as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines, compared with normal thyroid cell line and follicular thyroid cancer cell line. LEE011 dose-dependently inhibited RB phosphorylation and also decreased the expressions of its target genes such as FOXM1, Cyclin A1, and Myc in ATC. Furthermore, LEE011 induced cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase and cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation in ATC. Consistently, oral administration of LEE011 to ATC xenograft models strongly inhibited tumor growth with decreased expressions of pRB, pAKT and Ki-67, and also significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis. Taken together, our data support the rationale for clinical development of the CDK4/6 inhibitor as a therapy for patients with aggressive thyroid cancer.
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16
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Hard neck lumps: a review of uncommon and sometimes overlooked causes of these worrying presentations. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:899-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Tahara M, Kiyota N, Yamazaki T, Chayahara N, Nakano K, Inagaki L, Toda K, Enokida T, Minami H, Imamura Y, Sasaki T, Suzuki T, Fujino K, Dutcus CE, Takahashi S. Lenvatinib for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:25. [PMID: 28299283 PMCID: PMC5331066 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib has been approved by regulatory agencies in Japan, the United States, and the European Union for treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). Thyroid cancer, however, is a clinically diverse disease that includes anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), the subtype associated with the highest lethality. Effective therapy for ATC is an unmet need. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase 2, single-arm, open-label study in patients with thyroid cancer, including ATC, RR-DTC, and medullary thyroid cancer was conducted from 3 September 2012 to 9 July 2015. Patients received lenvatinib 24 mg daily until disease progression or development of unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoint was efficacy, as assessed by progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate. RESULTS At data cutoff, 17 patients with ATC were enrolled. All experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). The most frequent TEAEs were decreased appetite (82%), hypertension (82%), fatigue (59%), nausea (59%), and proteinuria (59%). Of note, only one patient required lenvatinib withdrawal because of a TEAE, and this TEAE was considered unrelated to lenvatinib. The median PFS was 7.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-12.9], the median OS was 10.6 months (95% CI: 3.8-19.8), and the objective response rate was 24%. CONCLUSION In this study, lenvatinib demonstrated manageable toxicities with dose adjustments and clinical activity in patients with ATC. This clinical activity of lenvatinib warrants further investigation in ATC. CLINICALTRIALSGOV NCT01728623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , Kashiwa , Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , Kashiwa , Japan
| | - Naoko Chayahara
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | - Kenji Nakano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Lina Inagaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Toda
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Enokida
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , Kashiwa , Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
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18
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Milosevic Z, Pesic M, Stankovic T, Dinic J, Milovanovic Z, Stojsic J, Dzodic R, Tanic N, Bankovic J. Targeting RAS-MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathways to chemosensitize anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Transl Res 2014; 164:411-23. [PMID: 25016932 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare, but aggressive and chemoresistant tumor with dismal prognosis. Most ATCs harbor mutations that activate RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Therefore, we investigated and correlated the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog, pERK, and pAKT proteins as well as mutations of BRAF, RAS, and p53 genes in samples of patients with ATC. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of inhibition of these pathways on chemosensitization of ATC using 2 thyroid carcinoma cell lines (FRO and SW1736). Our results revealed a negative correlation between the activity of RAS-MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways in samples of patients. To be specific, the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway was suppressed in patients with activated NRAS or high pERK expression. In vitro results suggest that the inhibition of either RAS-MAPK-ERK or PI3K-AKT-mTOR components may confer sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to classic chemotherapeutics. This may form a basis for the development of novel genetic-based therapeutic approach for this cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Milosevic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Pesic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Stankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Stojsic
- Department of Thoracopulmonary Pathology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radan Dzodic
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Tanic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Bankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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19
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Di Maro G, Orlandella FM, Bencivenga TC, Salerno P, Ugolini C, Basolo F, Maestro R, Salvatore G. Identification of targets of Twist1 transcription factor in thyroid cancer cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1617-26. [PMID: 24848707 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human tumors. Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in cancer development and progression. We showed that Twist1 affects thyroid cancer cell survival and motility. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify Twist1 targets in thyroid cancer cells. DESIGN Transcriptional targets of Twist1 were identified by gene expression profiling the TPC-Twist1 cells in comparison with control cells. Functional studies were performed by silencing in TPC-Twist1 and in CAL62 cells the top 10 upregulated genes and by evaluating cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to verify direct binding of Twist1 to target genes. Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to study the expression level of Twist1 target genes in human thyroid carcinoma samples. RESULTS According to the gene expression profile, the top functions enriched in TPC-Twist1 cells were cellular movement, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death and survival. Silencing of the top 10 upregulated genes reduced viability of TPC-Twist1 and of CAL62 cells. Silencing of COL1A1, KRT7, and PDZK1 also induced cell death. Silencing of HS6ST2, THRB, ID4, RHOB, and PDZK1IP also impaired migration and invasion of TPC-Twist1 and of CAL62 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Twist1 directly binds the promoter of the top 10 upregulated genes. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that HS6ST2, COL1A1, F2RL1, LEPREL1, PDZK1, and PDZK1IP1 are overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma samples compared with normal thyroids. CONCLUSIONS We identified a set of genes that mediates Twist1 biological effects in thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (G.D.M., F.M.O., T.C.B., P.S.), Università di Napoli "Federico II," Italy 80131; Dipartimento di Area Medica (C.U.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy 56126; Dipartimento di Patologia Chirugica, Medica (F.B.), Molecolare e dell'Area Critica dell' Università di Pisa, Italy 56124; Experimental Oncology 1 (R.M.), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy 33081; and Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (G.S.), Universita' "Parthenope," 80133 Napoli, Italy 80133
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20
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Passaro C, Volpe M, Botta G, Scamardella E, Perruolo G, Gillespie D, Libertini S, Portella G. PARP inhibitor olaparib increases the oncolytic activity of dl922-947 in in vitro and in vivo model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:78-92. [PMID: 25139258 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are mostly effective as anticancer drugs in association with DNA damaging agents. We have previously shown that the oncolytic adenovirus dl922-947 induces extensive DNA damage, therefore we hypothesized a synergistic antitumoral effect of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in association with dl922-947. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was chosen as model since it is a particularly aggressive tumor and, because of its localized growth, it is suitable for intratumoral treatment with oncolytic viruses. Here, we show that dl922-947 infection induces PARP activation, and we confirm in vitro and in vivo that PARP inhibition increases dl922-947 replication and oncolytic activity. In vitro, the combination with olaparib exacerbates the appearance of cell death markers, such as Annexin V positivity, caspase 3 cleavage, cytochrome C release and propidium iodide permeability. In vivo, we also observed a better viral distribution upon PARP inhibition. Changes in CD31 levels suggest a direct effect of olaparib on tumor vascularization and on the viral distribution within the tumor mass. The observation that PARP inhibition enhances the effects of dl922-947 is highly promising not only for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma but, in general, for the treatment of other tumors that could benefit from the use of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Passaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Volpe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ginevra Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Eloise Scamardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - David Gillespie
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Silvana Libertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Portella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
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21
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Mundi N, Um S, Yoo J, Rizzo G, Black M, Pinto N, Palma DA, Fung K, MacNeil D, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Nichols AC. The control of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines by oncolytic poxviruses. Virus Res 2014; 190:53-9. [PMID: 25038405 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is rare, but its clinical presentation is often dramatic and aggressive and is nearly uniformly fatal. Oncolytic viral therapy is a potential strategy to improve outcomes for patients suffering with this disease. METHODS Seven established ATC cell lines were infected with a panel of poxviruses to identify which virus had the most potential as an oncolytic agent. These included myxoma, vaccinia, and tanapox viruses, all modified to express green fluorescence protein (GFP). Viral proliferation was assessed by fluorescence and viral amplification. The effect on cell line growth was assessed by the Presto Blue metabolic assay and a live-dead assay. A replication assay was performed to assess the production of infectious progeny. An additional five ATC cell lines were tested using the assays described above for susceptibility to vaccinia virus. RESULTS ATC cell lines were differentially susceptible to each virus. Vaccinia virus was superior to myxoma and tanapox viruses for the control of anaplastic thyroid cancer in vitro. Although subsequent investigation using an expanded panel of cell lines revealed differential susceptibility to vaccinia virus, effective control of cell proliferation was still achieved using higher titers. CONCLUSIONS Vaccinia virus was the most potent of the tested poxviruses and was highly effective in controlling proliferation and inducing cell death in ATC cell lines. The efficacy of these viruses offers hope for improving outcomes for patients suffering with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Mundi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sung Um
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Giananthony Rizzo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan Black
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Pinto
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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22
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Dumke AK, Pelz T, Vordermark D. Long-term results of radiotherapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:90. [PMID: 24685141 PMCID: PMC3994242 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. The median overall survival is described in the literature to be just 6 months, however, in series of selected patients treated by multimodal therapy cases of long-time-survival have been reported. We analyzed the role of radiotherapy and the impact of other therapies and clinical features on survival in patients with ATC. Methods In a retrospective analysis of all patients (n = 40), who presented with histologically proven ATC at a single centre between 1989 and 2008, patient and treatment characteristics with a focus on details of radiotherapy were registered and the survival status determined. Results 39 of 40 patients received radiotherapy, 80% underwent surgery and 15% had chemotherapy. The median dosis of radiation was 50 Gy (6–60.4 Gy), in 87.5% fractionation was once daily. In 49.4% opposing-field techniques were applied, in 14% 3D-conformal-techniques and 32.5% combinations of both. The median overall survival (OS) was 5 months, 1-year survival 35.2% and 5-year-survival 21.6%. Interestingly, 24.3% survived 2 years or longer. Three factors could be identified as predictors of improved overall survival: absence of lymph node metastasis (N0) (median OS 18.3 months), median dose of radiation of 50 Gy or more (median OS 10.5 months) and the use of any surgery (median OS 10.5 months). Conclusions Despite the generally poor outcome, the combination of surgery and intensive radiotherapy can result in long-term survival in selected patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Dryanderstr, 4, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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