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Uchiyama‐Tanaka Y, Shimabukuro F, Okumura E, Fujishima M. The effect of Chlorella supplementation in pregnant women with low-grade inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:292-297. [PMID: 38268875 PMCID: PMC10804112 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy dramatically changes maternal metabolism and the microbiome. Low-grade inflammation can cause maternal complications and fetal abnormalities. The objective of this open-label, randomized, controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered Chlorella, a green alga that is commercially available as a dietary supplement with rich nutrients and dietary fiber for pregnant women with low-grade inflammation. Patients with C-reactive protein levels >0.05 mg/dL (16 weeks gestation, n = 22) were enrolled and randomly allocated to the Chlorella group (n = 10) or control group (n = 12). We conducted blood biochemical tests at 25, 30, and 35 weeks gestation and evaluated the evacuation status (symptoms depending on the Rome IV C2 criteria and laxative usage), side effects, and complications throughout the investigation. We also monitored the status of the offspring. The Chlorella group (n = 0) showed a significantly lower rate of constipation than the control group (n = 8). This study demonstrated the beneficial effects and safety of Chlorella supplementation in pregnant women, which prevented constipation and unnecessary laxative administration.
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Jhong JH, Tsai WH, Yang LC, Chou CH, Lee TY, Yeh YT, Huang CH, Luo YH. Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 Exerts Antiosteoporotic Effects by Restoring the Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Ovariectomized Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:804210. [PMID: 35187034 PMCID: PMC8856183 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.804210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic inflammatory disease, an imbalance occurs between bone resorption and formation, leading to bone loss. Anti-inflammatory diet is considered having the potential to ameliorate osteoporosis. Heat-killed probiotics exhibit health benefits in relation to their immunomodulatory effects, but the detail mechanism involved in gut microbiota balance, host metabolism, immunity, and bone homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antiosteoporotic effects of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 in vitro and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis demonstrated potentially genes involved in antiosteoporotic activity. The GMNL-653 exerts anti-inflammatory activity which restored gut microbiota dysbiosis and maintained intestinal barrier integrity in the OVX mice. The levels of IL-17 and LPS in the sera decreased following GMNL-653 treatment compared with those of the vehicle control; mRNA levels of RANKL were reduced and TGF-β and IL-10 enhanced in OVX-tibia tissue after treatment. The levels of IL-17 were significantly associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut microbial metagenomes were further analyzed by PICRUSt functional prediction, which reveal that GMNL-653 intervention influence in several host metabolic pathways. The analysis of whole-genome sequencing accompanied by comparative genomics on three L. paracasei strains revealed a set of GMNL-653 genes that are potentially involved in antiosteoporotic activity. Our findings validated antiosteoporotic activity of heat-killed GMNL-653 using in vitro and in vivo models, to whole-genome sequencing and identifying genes potentially involved in this gut microbiota–bone axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hua Jhong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Diseases Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Aging and Diseases Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yueh-Hsia Luo
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Abstract
Aims The effect of the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolite on bone health is termed the gut-bone axis. Multiple studies have elucidated the mechanisms but findings vary greatly. A systematic review was performed to analyze current animal models and explore the effect of GM on bone. Methods Literature search was performed on PubMed and Embase databases. Information on the types and strains of animals, induction of osteoporosis, intervention strategies, determination of GM, assessment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality, and key findings were extracted. Results A total of 30 studies were included, of which six studies used rats and 24 studies used mice. Osteoporosis or bone loss was induced in 14 studies. Interventions included ten with probiotics, three with prebiotics, nine with antibiotics, two with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), six with vitamins and proteins, two with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and one with neuropeptide Y1R antagonist. In general, probiotics, prebiotics, nutritional interventions, and TCM were found to reverse the GM dysbiosis and rescue bone loss. Conclusion Despite the positive therapeutic effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and nutritional or pharmaceutical interventions on osteoporosis, there is still a critical knowledge gap regarding the role of GM in rescuing bone loss and its related pathways. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1):51–59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Tung Percy Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hei Sunny Wong
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Cui M, Qi C, Yang L, Zhang M, Wang H, She G, Yu R, Miao T, Sun J. A pregnancy complication-dependent change in SIgA-targeted microbiota during third trimester. Food Funct 2020; 11:1513-1524. [PMID: 31994568 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota play a crucial role in metabolic dysfunction during gestation, which might be prevented by using probiotics. This study compared the composition of the gut microbiota in healthy and complicated pregnancies, for screening and isolating healthy pregnancy-derived probiotics. According to the principal component analysis of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)-coated microbiota in the gut, third-trimester volunteers can be divided into three groups: AHd (n = 29), GDMd (n = 37), and GHd (n = 25), dominated by asymptomatic healthy donors (62.07%), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) donors (40.54%), and gestational hypertension (GH) donors (40%), respectively. There was a significant difference in β-diversity (p < 0.01) and α-diversity (p < 0.05) among the three groups. At the phylum level, the Firmicutes of the GHd group were significantly lower than those of the AHd group (p = 0.039), while Bacteroidetes (p = 0.005) and Proteobacteria (p = 0.002) of the GHd group were more dominant than those of the AHd group. At the genus level, the linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that SIgA-targeted Enterococcus was the dominant taxonomic biomarker of the AHd group, and the GHd group was enriched with Escherichia and Streptococcus. The GDMd and GHd groups had higher faecal calprotectin, serum lipopolysaccharide, zonulin, and GLYCAM-1 levels. We conclude that the occurrence of complications in the third trimester may be related to intestinal barrier injury associated with disorders of the intestinal SIgA-targeted microbiota; gut barrier injury triggers inflammation in pregnant women. SIgA-targeted L. reuteri showed a significant correlation with low inflammatory response and may be a potential probiotic candidate for preventing pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Cui
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China. and Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ce Qi
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China and Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, Liangxi District, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangtong She
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, PR China
| | - Tingting Miao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China and Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China. and Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
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Esmaeilinezhad Z, Babajafari S, Sohrabi Z, Eskandari MH, Amooee S, Barati-Boldaji R. Effect of synbiotic pomegranate juice on glycemic, sex hormone profile and anthropometric indices in PCOS: A randomized, triple blind, controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:201-208. [PMID: 30538082 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a common reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disease in women. Pomegranate juice, known as a rich source of phytochemicals with high antioxidant activity, enriched with probiotic may improve PCOS. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized, controlled, triple-blinded, parallel trial study was performed in PCOS patients (n = 92). Three treatment groups (23 patients each) received 2 L of synbiotic pomegranate juice (SPJ), pomegranate juice (PJ), and synbiotic beverage (SB) weekly. The control group (23 patients) received 2 L of placebo beverage weekly. Primary outcome was any change in insulin resistance and secondary outcomes were fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin sensitivity, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, from baseline to the end of the trial. At the end of the study, 86 patients were analyzed. There was significant change in insulin resistance in the SPJ and SB groups. Insulin sensitivity increased significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. Insulin also changed significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. BMI, weight and waist circumference decreased significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. Testosterone level also decreased significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. There was no significant change in FPG, LH and FSH in any of the groups. CONCLUSION SPJ in the form of a new beverage can improve insulin resistance, insulin, testosterone level, BMI, weight and waist circumference in PCOS. This trial was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, with number: 25272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Esmaeilinezhad
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Babajafari
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Z Sohrabi
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M-H Eskandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Amooee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Barati-Boldaji
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Uchiyama-Tanaka Y. Case Study of Homeopathic Bowel Nosode Remedies for Dysbiotic Japanese Patients. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 24:187-192. [PMID: 28805460 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of intestinal microbiota is very important in human health. Gastrointestinal disturbances are among the symptoms commonly reported by individuals diagnosed with chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, autism, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The effects of probiotics and prebiotics for dysbiosis have been reported in many studies. Bowel nosodes are homeopathic remedies made from human gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE Bowel nosodes made from the intestinal bacteria of European patients from the 1900s were administered to Japanese patients suffering from gastrointestinal disturbances, such as constipation and diarrhea, to determine their therapeutic efficacy. METHODS Twenty-eight outpatients from Yoko Clinic (11 males, 17 females; age range, 4-72 years) were enrolled in this study. One nosode remedy was selected for each case. Patients took six pills for 2 days. After a month, the effect of each treatment was evaluated using the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital Outcome Scale (grade +4 to -4). RESULTS Patient number of each grade was +4 (N = 2), +3 (N = 4), +2 (N = 7), +1 (N = 3), 0 (N = 7), with no negative grades. Of the 23 patients analyzed, 69.6% showed some type of improvement, and no harmful effects from taking bowel nosodes were observed; 26% of patients showed major improvement or were "cured." CONCLUSION It is difficult to find correct constitutional remedies as they often require high-level techniques and time. Since there are only 11 main bowel nosode remedies, they are easier to choose from and cheaper to use and develop than classical constitutional remedies. Herein, 69.6% of dysbiotic patients taking bowel nosodes showed improvements, and no harmful effects were reported by any patient. These results suggest that the homeopathic bowel nosodes are a useful method for controlling gastrointestinal disturbances.
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Grant MC, Baker JS. An overview of the effect of probiotics and exercise on mood and associated health conditions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 57:3887-3893. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1189872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Clare Grant
- Abertay University, School of Social and Health Sciences, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Julien S Baker
- University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Uchiyama-Tanaka Y. A 10-Patient Case Study on the Influence of Two Different Probiotics on Individual Intestinal Microbiota. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:800-3. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Gomes AC, Bueno AA, de Souza RGM, Mota JF. Gut microbiota, probiotics and diabetes. Nutr J 2014; 13:60. [PMID: 24939063 PMCID: PMC4078018 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal microbiota for its development. In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. Research in animal models and humans has hypothesized whether the administration of probiotics may improve the prognosis of diabetes through modulation of gut microbiota. We have shown in this review that a large body of evidence suggests probiotics reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as increase the expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium, reducing intestinal permeability. Such effects increase insulin sensitivity and reduce autoimmune response. However, further investigations are required to clarify whether the administration of probiotics can be efficiently used for the prevention and management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Corado Gomes
- Laboratório de Investigação em Nutrição Clínica e Esportiva (Labince). Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 227 Qd. 68s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Allain Amador Bueno
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Rávila Graziany Machado de Souza
- Laboratório de Investigação em Nutrição Clínica e Esportiva (Labince). Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 227 Qd. 68s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Laboratório de Investigação em Nutrição Clínica e Esportiva (Labince). Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 227 Qd. 68s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Patent Highlights. Pharm Pat Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.13.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of recent key developments in the patent literature of relevance to the advancement of pharmaceutical and medical R&D
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Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2013; 26:191-209. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422413000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining health. A multitude of diseases including diarrhoea, gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) of neonates, and obesity are linked to microbial composition and metabolic activity. Therefore, research on possible dietary strategies influencing microbial composition and activity, both preventive and curative, is being accomplished. Interest has focused on pre- and probiotics that stimulate the intestinal production of beneficial bacterial metabolites such as butyrate, and beneficially affect microbial composition. The suitability of an animal model to study dietary linked diseases is of much concern. The physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes places the pig in a superior position over other non-primate models. Furthermore, the pig is a human-sized omnivorous animal with comparable nutritional requirements, and shows similarities to the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Also, the pig has been used as a model to assess microbiota–health interactions, since pigs exhibit similar syndromes to humans, such as NEC and partly weanling diarrhoea. In contrast, when using rodent models to study diet–microbiota–health interactions, differences between rodents and humans have to be considered. For example, studies with mice and human subjects assessing possible relationships between the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and the development of obesity have shown inconsistencies in results between studies. The present review displays the similarities and differences in intestinal microbial ecology between humans and pigs, scrutinising the pig as a potential animal model, with regard to possible health effects.
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Intake of Blueberry Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum Affects the Gut Microbiota of L-NAME Treated Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:809128. [PMID: 23690854 PMCID: PMC3638594 DOI: 10.1155/2013/809128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics can be used as means to regulate the microbiota to exert preventative or beneficial effects to the host. However, not much is known about the effect of the gut microbiota on hypertension which is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease and also a symptom of the metabolic syndrome. The NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats were used in order to test the effect of a synbiotic dietary supplement of Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 either together with fermented blueberry or with three phenolic compounds synthesized during fermentation. The experimental diets did not lower the blood pressure after 4 weeks. However, the fermented blueberries together with live L. plantarum showed protective effect on liver cells indicated by suppressed increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels. The diversity of the caecal microbiota was neither affected by L-NAME nor the experimental diets. However, inhibition of the nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME exerted a selection pressure that led to a shift in the bacterial composition. The mixture of fermented blueberries with the bacterial strain altered the caecal microbiota in different direction compared to L-NAME, while the three phenolic compounds together with the bacteria eliminated the selection pressure from the L-NAME.
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