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Olson KL, Ingebretson AE, Vogiatzoglou E, Mermelstein PG, Lemos JC. Cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens are a site of cellular convergence for corticotropin-releasing factor and estrogen regulation in male and female mice. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39080914 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) act as master regulators of striatal output, finely tuning neurotransmission to control motivated behaviours. ChIs are a cellular target of many peptide and hormonal neuromodulators, including corticotropin-releasing factor, opioids, insulin and leptin, which can influence an animal's behaviour by signalling stress, pleasure, pain and nutritional status. However, little is known about how sex hormones via estrogen receptors influence the function of these other neuromodulators. Here, we performed in situ hybridisation on mouse striatal tissue to characterise the effect of sex and sex hormones on choline acetyltransferase (Chat), estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) and corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (Crhr1) expression. Although we did not detect sex differences in ChAT protein levels in the dorsal striatum or nucleus accumbens, we found that female mice have more Chat mRNA-expressing neurons than males in both the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens. At the population level, we observed a sexually dimorphic distribution of Esr1- and Crhr1-expressing ChIs in the ventral striatum that was negatively correlated in intact females, which was abolished by ovariectomy and not present in males. Only in the NAc did we find a significant population of ChIs that co-express Crhr1 and Esr1 in females and to a lesser extent in males. At the cellular level, Crhr1 and Esr1 transcript levels were negatively correlated only during the estrus phase in females, indicating that changes in sex hormone levels can modulate the interaction between Crhr1 and Esr1 mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna E Ingebretson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eleftheria Vogiatzoglou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia C Lemos
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Olson K, Ingebretson AE, Vogiatzoglou E, Mermelstein PG, Lemos JC. Cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens are a site of cellular convergence for corticotropin release factor and estrogen regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.13.589360. [PMID: 38659848 PMCID: PMC11042197 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.13.589360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) act as master regulators of striatal output, finely tuning neurotransmission to control motivated behaviors. ChIs are a cellular target of many peptide and hormonal neuromodulators, including corticotropin releasing factor, opioids, insulin and leptin, which can influence an animal's behavior by signaling stress, pleasure, pain and nutritional status. However, little is known about how sex hormones via estrogen receptors influence the function of these other neuromodulators. Here, we performed in situ hybridization on mouse striatal tissue to characterize the effect of sex and sex hormones on choline acetyltransferase ( Chat ), estrogen receptor alpha ( Esr1 ), and corticotropin releasing factor type 1 receptor ( Crhr1 ) expression. Although we did not detect sex differences in ChAT protein levels in the striatum, we found that female mice have more Chat mRNA-expressing neurons than males. At the population level, we observed a sexually dimorphic distribution of Esr1 - and Crhr1 -expressing ChIs in the ventral striatum that demonstrates an antagonistic correlational relationship, which is abolished by ovariectomy. Only in the NAc did we find a significant population of ChIs that co-express Crhr1 and Esr1 . At the cellular level, Crhr1 and Esr1 transcript levels were negatively correlated only during estrus, indicating that changes in sex hormones levels can modulate the interaction between Crhr1 and Esr1 mRNA levels. Together, these data provide evidence for the unique expression and interaction of Esr1 and Crhr1 in ventral striatal ChIs, warranting further investigation into how these transcriptomic patterns might underlie important functions for ChIs at the intersection of stress and reproductive behaviors.
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Kaiser M, Jaillardon L. Pathogenesis of the crosstalk between reproductive function and stress in animals-part 1: Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympatho-adrenomedullary system and kisspeptin. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:176-183. [PMID: 37724657 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Stress is defined as a disruption of the body homeostasis in response to modest as well as perceived challenge. Two main physiological routes, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system (HPA) and the sympatho-adrenomedullary system (SAM), aim to maintain or restore homeostasis by mutual interaction. SAM is quickly-reacting as it primarily works through the nervous system-the sympathetic nervous system. In response to stress, signals are sent to activate the adrenal medulla which releases catecholamines (primarily adrenaline and norepinephrine). The catecholamines have a momentary effect on the body's organs that are prepared for a fight situation. At the same time, the stressor activates the HPA axis by signals from the brain causing secretion of the pituitary hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH acts on the adrenal cortex, which secretes glucocorticoids, including cortisol. Since HPA primarily works through hormones, the system is slightly slower than SAM and gives rise to a metabolic effect. While short-term stress response is an adaptive and beneficial process, chronic or excessive stress can lead to a range of negative health outcomes including reproductive disorders and infertility. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the link between stress and reproduction. This includes in particular kisspeptin, which is closely related to reproduction, as it is a powerful stimulator of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) system. The present review, through current knowledge in various male and female species, deals with the role of the SAM and the HPA, including the major action of kisspeptin and glucocorticoids that trigger the consequences of psychological or physiological stress on reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Kaiser
- Management and Modelling, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Laetitia Jaillardon
- Oniris, LabOniris, Nantes Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Sciences and Engineering, Nantes, France
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4
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Han Y, Gu S, Li Y, Qian X, Wang F, Huang JH. Neuroendocrine pathogenesis of perimenopausal depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1162501. [PMID: 37065890 PMCID: PMC10098367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of social economics and the increase of working pressure, more and more women are suffering from long-term serious stress and showing symptoms of perimenopausal depression (PMD). The incidence rate of PMD is increasing, and the physical and mental health are seriously affected. However, due to the lack of accurate knowledge of pathophysiology, its diagnosis and treatment cannot be accurately executed. By consulting the relevant literature in recent years, this paper elaborates the neuroendocrine mechanism of perimenopausal depression from the aspects of epigenetic changes, monoamine neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis, glial cell-induced neuroinflammation, estrogen receptor, interaction between HPA axis and HPG axis, and micro-organism-brain gut axis. The purpose is to probe into new ways of treatment of PMD by providing new knowledge about the neuroendocrine mechanism and treatment of PMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Han
- Department of Psychology, Medical School, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Simeng Gu
- Department of Psychology, Medical School, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Simeng Gu,
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Psychology, Medical School, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Psychology, Medical School, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jason H. Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, United States
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5
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Kim HD, Kim YJ, Jang M, Bae SG, Yun SH, Lee MR, Seo YR, Cho JK, Kim SJ, Lee WJ. Heat Stress during Summer Attenuates Expression of the Hypothalamic Kisspeptin, an Upstream Regulator of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis, in Domestic Sows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2967. [PMID: 36359090 PMCID: PMC9657376 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of reproductive hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is regulated by its upstream regulator, kisspeptin, and influenced by external stresses, including heat stress. Since the effect of heat stress (summer infertility) on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in domestic sows is not yet understood, the present study attempted to identify changes in kisspeptin expression in different seasons (summer and spring). The high atmospheric temperature in summer decreased the pregnancy rate and litter size and increased stress-related hormones as a chronic stressor to domestic sows. The hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in summer was decreased regardless of the estrus phase and negatively correlated with atmospheric temperature, indicating that high temperature decreased kisspeptin. When the activity of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons in the follicular phase was assessed using c-Fos staining, a decreased number of kisspeptin neurons coexpressing c-Fos was observed in domestic sows in summer. Accordingly, lower expression of kisspeptin induced decreased levels of HPG axis-related reproductive hormones, such as gonadotropins and estrogen, and fewer large ovarian follicles. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that reduced kisspeptin expression and its neuronal activity in the hypothalamus under heat stress in summer induced downregulation of the HPG axis and caused summer infertility in domestic sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Deuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Veterinary Research, Daegu Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment, Daegu 42183, Korea
| | - Young-Jong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Min Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Mi-Ree Lee
- Department of Veterinary Research, Daegu Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment, Daegu 42183, Korea
| | - Yong-Ryul Seo
- Department of Veterinary Research, Daegu Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment, Daegu 42183, Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Cho
- Department of Veterinary Research, Daegu Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment, Daegu 42183, Korea
| | - Seung-Joon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Institute of Equine Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Institute of Equine Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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6
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Phumsatitpong C, Wagenmaker ER, Moenter SM. Neuroendocrine interactions of the stress and reproductive axes. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100928. [PMID: 34171353 PMCID: PMC8605987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is controlled by a sequential regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The HPG axis integrates multiple inputs to maintain proper reproductive functions. It has long been demonstrated that stress alters fertility. Nonetheless, the central mechanisms of how stress interacts with the reproductive system are not fully understood. One of the major pathways that is activated during the stress response is the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this review, we discuss several aspects of the interactions between these two neuroendocrine systems to offer insights to mechanisms of how the HPA and HPG axes interact. We have also included discussions of other systems, for example GABA-producing neurons, where they are informative to the overall picture of stress effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayarndorn Phumsatitpong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Wagenmaker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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7
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Hückesfeld S, Schlegel P, Miroschnikow A, Schoofs A, Zinke I, Haubrich AN, Schneider-Mizell CM, Truman JW, Fetter RD, Cardona A, Pankratz MJ. Unveiling the sensory and interneuronal pathways of the neuroendocrine connectome in Drosophila. eLife 2021; 10:e65745. [PMID: 34085637 PMCID: PMC8177888 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine systems in animals maintain organismal homeostasis and regulate stress response. Although a great deal of work has been done on the neuropeptides and hormones that are released and act on target organs in the periphery, the synaptic inputs onto these neuroendocrine outputs in the brain are less well understood. Here, we use the transmission electron microscopy reconstruction of a whole central nervous system in the Drosophila larva to elucidate the sensory pathways and the interneurons that provide synaptic input to the neurosecretory cells projecting to the endocrine organs. Predicted by network modeling, we also identify a new carbon dioxide-responsive network that acts on a specific set of neurosecretory cells and that includes those expressing corazonin (Crz) and diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44) neuropeptides. Our analysis reveals a neuronal network architecture for combinatorial action based on sensory and interneuronal pathways that converge onto distinct combinations of neuroendocrine outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hückesfeld
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anton Miroschnikow
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Andreas Schoofs
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ingo Zinke
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - André N Haubrich
- Life & Brain, Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center GermanyBonnGermany
| | | | - James W Truman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Richard D Fetter
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Albert Cardona
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick AvenueCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J Pankratz
- Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
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8
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Rousseau K, Prunet P, Dufour S. Special features of neuroendocrine interactions between stress and reproduction in teleosts. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113634. [PMID: 33045232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress and reproduction are both essential functions for vertebrate survival, ensuring on one side adaptative responses to environmental changes and potential life threats, and on the other side production of progeny. With more than 25,000 species, teleosts constitute the largest group of extant vertebrates, and exhibit a large diversity of life cycles, environmental conditions and regulatory processes. Interactions between stress and reproduction are a growing concern both for conservation of fish biodiversity in the frame of global changes and for the development of sustainability of aquaculture including fish welfare. In teleosts, as in other vertebrates, adverse effects of stress on reproduction have been largely documented and will be shortly overviewed. Unexpectedly, stress notably via cortisol, may also facilitate reproductive function in some teleost species in relation to their peculiar life cyles and this review will provide some examples. Our review will then mainly address the neuroendocrine axes involved in the control of stress and reproduction, namely the corticotropic and gonadotropic axes, as well as their interactions. After reporting some anatomo-functional specificities of the neuroendocrine systems in teleosts, we will describe the major actors of the corticotropic and gonadotropic axes at the brain-pituitary-peripheral glands (interrenals and gonads) levels, with a special focus on the impact of teleost-specific whole genome duplication (3R) on the number of paralogs and their potential differential functions. We will finally review the current knowledge on the neuroendocrine mechanisms of the various interactions between stress and reproduction at different levels of the two axes in teleosts in a comparative and evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Rousseau
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit BOREA, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Prunet
- INRAE, UR1037, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit BOREA, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France.
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9
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Winters SJ, Moore JP. PACAP: A regulator of mammalian reproductive function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110912. [PMID: 32561449 PMCID: PMC7606562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an ancestral molecule that was isolated from sheep hypothalamic extracts based on its action to stimulate cAMP production by pituitary cell cultures. PACAP is one of a number of ligands that coordinate with GnRH to control reproduction. While initially viewed as a hypothalamic releasing factor, PACAP and its receptors are widely distributed, and there is growing evidence that PACAP functions as a paracrine/autocrine regulator in the CNS, pituitary, gonads and placenta, among other tissues. This review will summarize current knowledge concerning the expression and function of PACAP in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis with special emphasis on its role in pituitary function in the fetus and newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Winters
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Joseph P Moore
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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10
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Chakhma A, Khaldoun-Benabbas M, Charallah-Cherif S, Kassouri S, Khammar F, Amirat Z. Annual changes in plasma progesterone and estradiol-17β concentrations compared to pituitary-adrenal axis activity in the female goat reared under arid environment. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1630920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Chakhma
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences FSNV, Saad Dahleb University, Blida 1 USDB1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mounira Khaldoun-Benabbas
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Salima Charallah-Cherif
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sara Kassouri
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Khammar
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zaina Amirat
- Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences FSB, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands LRZA, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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11
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Wang A, Luan HH, Medzhitov R. An evolutionary perspective on immunometabolism. Science 2019; 363:363/6423/eaar3932. [PMID: 30630899 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is at the core of all biological functions. Anabolic metabolism uses building blocks that are either derived from nutrients or synthesized de novo to produce the biological infrastructure, whereas catabolic metabolism generates energy to fuel all biological processes. Distinct metabolic programs are required to support different biological functions. Thus, recent studies have revealed how signals regulating cell quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation also induce the appropriate metabolic programs. In particular, a wealth of new studies in the field of immunometabolism has unveiled many examples of the connection among metabolism, cell fate decisions, and organismal physiology. We discuss these findings under a unifying framework derived from the evolutionary and ecological principles of life history theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wang
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Harding H Luan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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12
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Mo C, Lv C, Huang L, Li Z, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y. Regulation of Pituitary Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Expression and Secretion by Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Chickens. Front Physiol 2019; 10:882. [PMID: 31404152 PMCID: PMC6672714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is abundantly expressed in the anterior pituitary of birds and mammals, suggesting that CART peptide may be a novel pituitary hormone and its expression and secretion is likely controlled by the hypothalamic factor(s). To substantiate this hypothesis, using chicken as an animal model, we examined the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on pituitary CART secretion and expression and investigated whether GnRH could modulate plasma CART levels. The results showed that: (1) chicken GnRH (GnRH1 and GnRH2) could potently stimulate CART peptide secretion in intact pituitaries incubated in vitro, as detected by Western blot; (2) GnRH could also stimulate CART mRNA expression in cultured pituitary cells, as revealed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay; (3) GnRH actions on pituitary CART expression and secretion are likely mediated by GnRH receptor coupled to the intracellular Ca2+, MEK/ERK, and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways; and (4) plasma CART levels are high in chickens at various developmental stages (1.2–3.5 ng/ml) and show an increasing trend towards sexual maturity, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, plasma CART levels could be significantly induced by intraperitoneal administration of GnRH in chicks. Taken together, our data provide the first collective evidence that CART peptide is a novel pituitary hormone and its expression and secretion are tightly controlled by hypothalamic GnRH, thus likely being an active player in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Raftogianni A, Roth LC, García-González D, Bus T, Kühne C, Monyer H, Spergel DJ, Deussing JM, Grinevich V. Deciphering the Contributions of CRH Receptors in the Brain and Pituitary to Stress-Induced Inhibition of the Reproductive Axis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:305. [PMID: 30214395 PMCID: PMC6125327 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on pharmacological studies, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and its receptors play a leading role in the inhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis during acute stress. To further study the effects of CRH receptor signaling on the HPG axis, we generated and/or employed male mice lacking CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) or type 2 (CRHR2) in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, GABAergic neurons, or in all central neurons and glia. The deletion of CRHRs revealed a preserved decrease of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to either psychophysical or immunological stress. However, under basal conditions, central infusion of CRH into mice lacking CRHR1 in all central neurons and glia, or application of CRH to pituitary cultures from mice lacking CRHR2, failed to suppress LH release, unlike in controls. Our results, taken together with those of the earlier pharmacological studies, suggest that inhibition of the male HPG axis during acute stress is mediated by other factors along with CRH, and that CRH suppresses the HPG axis at the central and pituitary levels via CRHR1 and CRHR2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androniki Raftogianni
- Schaller Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg - Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena C Roth
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diego García-González
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bus
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck Research Group at the Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kühne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Research Group, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Spergel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics Research Group, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Schaller Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg - Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Vázquez-Borrego MC, Gahete MD, Martínez-Fuentes AJ, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Castaño JP, Kineman RD, Luque RM. Multiple signaling pathways convey central and peripheral signals to regulate pituitary function: Lessons from human and non-human primate models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 463:4-22. [PMID: 29253530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The anterior pituitary gland is a key organ involved in the control of multiple physiological functions including growth, reproduction, metabolism and stress. These functions are controlled by five distinct hormone-producing pituitary cell types that produce growth hormone (somatotropes), prolactin (lactotropes), adrenocorticotropin (corticotropes), thyrotropin (thyrotropes) and follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (gonadotropes). Classically, the synthesis and release of pituitary hormones was thought to be primarily regulated by central (neuroendocrine) signals. However, it is now becoming apparent that factors produced by pituitary hormone targets (endocrine and non-endocrine organs) can feedback directly to the pituitary to adjust pituitary hormone synthesis and release. Therefore, pituitary cells serve as sensors to integrate central and peripheral signals in order to fine-tune whole-body homeostasis, although it is clear that pituitary cell regulation is species-, age- and sex-dependent. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive, general overview of our current knowledge of both central and peripheral regulators of pituitary cell function and associated intracellular mechanisms, focusing on human and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Vázquez-Borrego
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A J Martínez-Fuentes
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - J P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - R D Kineman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
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15
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Mollayeva S, Orchard I, Lange AB. The involvement of Rhopr-CRF/DH in feeding and reproduction in the blood-gorging insect Rhodnius prolixus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 258:79-90. [PMID: 28694056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is a blood-gorging insect and a vector for human Chagas disease. The insect transmits the disease following feeding, when it excretes urine and feces contaminated with the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. A corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptide acts as a diuretic hormone in R. prolixus (Rhopr-CRF/DH); however, its distribution throughout the insect's central nervous system (CNS) and the expression of its receptor in feeding-related tissue as well as the female reproductive system suggests a multifaceted role for the hormone beyond that of diuresis. Here we investigate the involvement of Rhopr-CRF/DH in feeding and reproduction in R. prolixus. Immunohistochemistry of the CNS showed diminished CRF-like staining in neurosecretory cells (NSCs) of the mesothoracic ganglionic mass (MTGM) immediately following feeding, and partial restocking of those same cells two hours later, indicating Rhopr-CRF/DH stores in this regions are involved in feeding. The results of the temporal qPCR analysis were consistent with the immunohistochemical findings, showing an increase in Rhopr-CRF/DH transcript expression in the MTGM immediately after feeding, presumably capturing the restocking of Rhopr-CRF/DH in the lateral NSCs following release of the peptide during feeding. Elevating haemolymph Rhopr-CRF/DH titres by injection of Rhopr-CRF/DH prior to feeding resulted in the intake of a significantly smaller blood meal in 5th instars and adults without an apparent effect on the rate of short-term diuresis. When adult females were injected with Rhopr-CRF/DH, they also produced and laid significantly fewer eggs. Finally, in vitro oviduct contraction assays illustrate that Rhopr-CRF/DH inhibits the amplitude of contractions of the lateral oviducts, highlighting a potential mechanism via which the hormone diminishes reproductive capacity. To conclude, the study of the Rhopr-CRF/DH pathway, its components and mechanisms of action, has implications for vector control by highlighting targets to alter feeding, diuresis, and reproduction of this disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Mollayeva
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
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16
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Regulation of gonadotropins by urocortin 2 in gonadotropic tumor LβT2 cells. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:63-67. [PMID: 28851616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A close interaction has been shown between the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) has a very high affinity for the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 2 (CRF2) receptor. Pituitary Ucn2 regulates expression and secretion of gonadotropins in response to stress. The CRF2 receptor in the pituitary contributes to the modulation of gonadotropins. To explore the possible function of Ucn2 and the CRF2 receptor in pituitary gonadotropic tumor cells, we examined the direct regulation of gonadotropins by Ucn2 in a representative pituitary gonadotropic tumor, mouse LβT2 cells. LβT2 cells were found to express CRF1 receptor and CRF2 receptor mRNA. Ucn2 decreased CRF1 receptor mRNA levels, while it increased CRF2 receptor mRNA levels. Ucn2 directly decreased the mRNA levels of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in LβT2 cells. Ucn2 also decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) mRNA levels. A selective CRF2 receptor antagonist suppressed the Ucn2-induced decreases in LH, FSH, and GnRHR mRNA levels. Ucn2 acts on gonadotrophs expressing the CRF2 receptor, and inhibits the production of gonadotropins in the pituitary gonadotropic tumor cells. (177 words).
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17
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Du Z, Keeley T, Janssen T, Nicolson V, Johnston SD. Measurement of testosterone and cortisol metabolites and luteinising hormone in captive southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) urine. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 250:70-79. [PMID: 28599837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the validation and use of enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to measure changes in plasma and urinary luteinizing hormone, testosterone metabolites (UTM) and cortisol metabolites (UCM) in captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons). GnRH agonist and ACTH agonist challenges were conducted to validate urinary testosterone (male wombat only) and cortisol (male and female wombats) EIAs. Following intra-muscular injection of 8-12μg buserelin (n=4 males), there was a significant increase in both plasma (P<0.001) and urinary testosterone concentrations (P<0.001) 60min and 21h after administration, respectively. Plasma LH levels were elevated (p<0.05) at 20min but there was no significant increase found in urinary LH concentrations after injection. Intra-muscular injection of Synacthen® Depot (250μg) (n=3 males, 3 females) resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma cortisol secretion 15min and in urinary cortisol concentrations 3h post injection, respectively. Sex-related differences in cortisol secretion were also reported in this study. These findings indicate that (1) urinary LH might not be an appropriate index for describing the reproductive status in captive male L. latifrons, and (2) the UTM and UCM assays appear to be suitable for the assessment of the testicular steroidogenic capacity and the adrenocortical activity in captive southern hairy-nosed wombats, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Du
- Wildlife Biology Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia.
| | - T Keeley
- Wildlife Biology Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Janssen
- Australian Animal Care and Education, Mount Larcom 4695, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Nicolson
- Dreamworld, Coomera, 4209 Qld, Australia
| | - S D Johnston
- Wildlife Biology Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Narayan E, Parisella S. Influences of the stress endocrine system on the reproductive endocrine axis in sheep (Ovis aries). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1321972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Narayan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Simone Parisella
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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19
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Urocortinergic system in the testes of normal and cryptorchid dogs. Ann Anat 2016; 207:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Harris BN, Carr JA. The role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis in mediating predator-avoidance trade-offs. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 230-231:110-42. [PMID: 27080550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis can shut these activities off. While HPA/HPI axis inhibition of feeding and reproduction may have evolved as a predator defense, to date there has been no review across taxa of the causal evidence for such a relationship. Here we review the literature on this topic by addressing evidence for three predictions: that exposure to predators decreases reproduction and feeding, that exposure to predators activates the HPA/HPI axis, and that predator-induced activation of the HPA/HPI axis inhibits foraging and reproduction. Weight of evidence indicates that exposure to predator cues inhibits several aspects of foraging and reproduction. While the evidence from fish and mammals supports the hypothesis that predator cues activate the HPA/HPI axis, the existing data in other vertebrate taxa are equivocal. A causal role for the HPA axis in predator-induced suppression of feeding and reproduction has not been demonstrated to date, although many studies report correlative relationships between HPA activity and reproduction and/or feeding. Manipulation of HPA/HPI axis signaling will be required in future studies to demonstrate direct mediation of predator-induced inhibition of feeding and reproduction. Understanding the circuitry linking sensory pathways to their control of the HPA/HPI axis also is needed. Finally, the role that fear and anxiety pathways play in the response of the HPA axis to predator cues is needed to better understand the role that predators have played in shaping anxiety related behaviors in all species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna N Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - James A Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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21
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López-Doval S, Salgado R, Fernández-Pérez B, Lafuente A. Possible role of serotonin and neuropeptide Y on the disruption of the reproductive axis activity by perfluorooctane sulfonate. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:138-47. [PMID: 25623392 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an endocrine disruptor, whose exposure can induce several alterations on the reproductive axis activity in males during adulthood. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of serotonin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis induced by PFOS in adult male rats. For that, adult male rats were orally treated with 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 6.0mg of PFOS/kg/day for 28 days. After PFOS exposure, serotonin concentration increased in the anterior and mediobasal hypothalamus as well as in the median eminence. The metabolism of this amine (expressed as the ratio 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA)/serotonin) was diminished except in the anterior hypothalamus, with the doses of 3.0 and 6.0mg/kg/day, being this dose 0.5mg/kg/day in the median eminence. In general terms, PFOS-treated rats presented a decrease of the hypothalamic concentration of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and NPY. A diminution of the serum levels of the luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and estradiol were also shown. These results suggest that both serotonin and NPY could be involved in the inhibition induced by PFOS on the reproductive axis activity in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S López-Doval
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - R Salgado
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - B Fernández-Pérez
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - A Lafuente
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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22
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Ikeda K, Fujioka K, Tachibana T, Kim SU, Tojo K, Manome Y. Secretion of urocortin I by human glioblastoma cell lines, possibly via the constitutive pathway. Peptides 2015; 63:63-70. [PMID: 25239507 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its family of peptides, i.e., urocortins (UCNs), play a critical role in systemic and peripheral stress-response systems and are widely expressed not only in normal tissues but also in various types of cancer cells. Given limited understanding of the mechanism of UCN I secretion, we investigated the UCN I secretory pathway in human neural stem cells (HNSCs) and in two glioblastoma cell lines, e.g., A172 and U-138 MG. Immunoreactivities for CRF receptors were detected in A172 glioblastoma cells, but not in HNSCs or U-138 glioblastoma cells, while UCN I immunoreactivity was detected in A172 and U-138 MG glioblastoma cell lines by both light field and electron microscopy. Interestingly, electron microscopy revealed UCN I immunoreactivtiy in vesicle-like structures in the plasma membrane of the glioblastoma cells. Tracking of a hybrid fluorescent protein containing a UCN I signal peptide expressed in A172 human glioblastoma cells revealed that fluorescence in secretory granules could be decreased by cycloheximide (100μg/ml), indicating that the forward transport of secretory granules containing fluorescent protein was not altered by the inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide. Retrograde transport and the fusion of fluorescent granules in A172 human glioblastoma cells was induced by brefeldin A (10μg/ml), indicating that UCN I secretory granules may be transported via the constitutive pathway. Based on these results, it appears that UCN I is secreted from human glioblastoma cells by exocytosis through constitutive secretory granules, indicating that transcription of UCN I mRNA may be correlated to secretion of UCN I protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kouki Fujioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Seung U Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Katsuyoshi Tojo
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Manome
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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23
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López-Doval S, Salgado R, Pereiro N, Moyano R, Lafuente A. Perfluorooctane sulfonate effects on the reproductive axis in adult male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 134:158-168. [PMID: 25171141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a neurotoxic agent and it can disrupt the endocrine system activity. This work was undertaken to evaluate the possible effects of PFOS exposure on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPT) in adult male rats, and to evaluate the possible morphological alterations induced by PFOS in the endocrine tissues of this axis. Adult male rats were orally treated with 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 6.0 mg of PFOS/kg/day for 28 days. After PFOS exposure, hypothalamic noradrenaline concentration increased in the anterior hypothalamus and in the median eminence, not changing in the mediobasal hypothalamus. PFOS treated rats presented a decrease of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression, increasing the mRNA levels of the luteinizing hormone (LH) in rats treated with all doses administered except with the dose of 6 mg/kg/day. PFOS also induced a raise of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) gene expression in the animals exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 mg of PFOS/kg/day. After PFOS exposure, hypothalamic GnRH concentration was modified, LH and testosterone release was inhibited and FSH secretion was stimulated. Moreover, PFOS induced several histopathological alterations in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testis. The results obtained in the present study suggest in general terms that PFOS can inhibit the physiological activity of the reproductive axis in adult male rats, which could be explained, at least in part, by the structural alterations showed in the animals exposed to this chemical: very dense chromatin, condensed ribosomes and a loss of the morphology in the hypothalamus; a degeneration of the gonadotrophic cells, as well as a loss and degeneration of the spermatozoids and a very marked edema in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S López-Doval
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - R Salgado
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - N Pereiro
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - R Moyano
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - A Lafuente
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas S/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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24
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Yoder KM, Phan ML, Lu K, Vicario DS. He hears, she hears: are there sex differences in auditory processing? Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:302-14. [PMID: 25220950 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Songbirds learn individually unique songs through vocal imitation and use them in courtship and territorial displays. Previous work has identified a forebrain auditory area, the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), that appears specialized for discriminating and remembering conspecific vocalizations. In zebra finches (ZFs), only males produce learned vocalizations, but both sexes process these and other signals. This study assessed sex differences in auditory processing by recording extracellular multiunit activity at multiple sites within NCM. Juvenile female ZFs (n = 46) were reared in individual isolation and artificially tutored with song. In adulthood, songs were played back to assess auditory responses, stimulus-specific adaptation, neural bias for conspecific song, and memory for the tutor's song, as well as recently heard songs. In a subset of females (n = 36), estradiol (E2) levels were manipulated to test the contribution of E2, known to be synthesized in the brain, to auditory responses. Untreated females (n = 10) showed significant differences in response magnitude and stimulus-specific adaptation compared to males reared in the same paradigm (n = 9). In hormone-manipulated females, E2 augmentation facilitated the memory for recently heard songs in adulthood, but neither E2 augmentation (n = 15) nor E2 synthesis blockade (n = 9) affected tutor song memory or the neural bias for conspecific song. The results demonstrate subtle sex differences in processing communication signals, and show that E2 levels in female songbirds can affect the memory for songs of potential suitors, thus contributing to the process of mate selection. The results also have potential relevance to clinical interventions that manipulate E2 in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Yoder
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
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Panagiotakopoulos L, Neigh GN. Development of the HPA axis: where and when do sex differences manifest? Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:285-302. [PMID: 24631756 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in the response to stress contribute to sex differences in somatic, neurological, and psychiatric diseases. Despite a growing literature on the mechanisms that mediate sex differences in the stress response, the ontogeny of these differences has not been comprehensively reviewed. This review focuses on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a key component of the body's response to stress, and examines the critical points of divergence during development between males and females. Insight gained from animal models and clinical studies are presented to fully illustrate the current state of knowledge regarding sex differences in response to stress over development. An appreciation for the developmental timelines of the components of the HPA axis will provide a foundation for future areas of study by highlighting both what is known and calling attention to areas in which sex differences in the development of the HPA axis have been understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Emory University, Department of Physiology, United States; Emory University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, United States.
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Araki Y, Nonaka D, Hamamura K, Yanagida M, Ishikawa H, Banzai M, Maruyama M, Endo S, Tajima A, Lee LJ, Nojima M, Takamori K, Yoshida K, Takeda S, Tanaka K. Clinical peptidomic analysis by a one-step direct transfer technology: Its potential utility for monitoring of pathophysiological status in female reproductive system disorders. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:1440-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Araki
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Daisuke Nonaka
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center; Protosera Inc; Hyogo Japan
| | - Kensuke Hamamura
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yanagida
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Health Information Management; Yamagata Saisei Hospital; Yamagata Japan
| | - Michio Banzai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Yamagata Saisei Hospital; Yamagata Japan
| | - Mayuko Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Shuichiro Endo
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Lyang-Ja Lee
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center; Protosera Inc; Hyogo Japan
| | - Michio Nojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Koyo Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Membrane Protein and Ligand Analysis Center; Protosera Inc; Hyogo Japan
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