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Męczekalski B, Niwczyk O, Battipaglia C, Troia L, Kostrzak A, Bala G, Maciejewska-Jeske M, Genazzani AD, Luisi S. Neuroendocrine disturbances in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: an update and future directions. Endocrine 2024; 84:769-785. [PMID: 38062345 PMCID: PMC11208264 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of both primary and secondary amenorrhea in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by chronic anovulation and the absence of menses that appear as a result of stressors such as eating disorders, excessive exercise, or psychological distress. FHA is presumed to be a functional disruption in the pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn impairs the release of gonadotropin. Hypoestrogenism is observed due to the absence of ovarian follicle recruitment. Numerous neurotransmitters have been identified which play an important role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and of which the impairment would contribute to developing FHA. In this review we summarize the most recent advances in the identification of contributing neuroendocrine disturbances and relevant contributors to the development of FHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Męczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Olga Niwczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Christian Battipaglia
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Libera Troia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Kostrzak
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gregory Bala
- UCD School of Medicine University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Alessandro D Genazzani
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Luisi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Taieb A, Nassim BHS, Asma G, Jabeur M, Ghada S, Asma BA. The Growing Understanding of the Pituitary Implication in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Adv Respir Med 2024; 92:96-109. [PMID: 38392036 PMCID: PMC10886368 DOI: 10.3390/arm92010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID-19, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is a condition where individuals who have recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 continue to experience a range of symptoms for weeks or even months afterward. While it was initially thought to primarily affect the respiratory system, it has become clear that Long COVID-19 can involve various organs and systems, including the endocrine system, which includes the pituitary gland. In the context of Long COVID-19, there is a growing understanding of the potential implications for the pituitary gland. The virus can directly affect the pituitary gland, leading to abnormalities in hormone production and regulation. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, changes in appetite, and mood disturbances. Long COVID-19, the persistent and often debilitating condition following acute COVID-19 infection, may be explained by deficiencies in ACTH and Growth hormone production from the pituitary gland. Corticotropin insufficiency can result in the dysregulation of the body's stress response and can lead to prolonged feelings of stress, fatigue, and mood disturbances in Long COVID-19 patients. Simultaneously, somatotropin insufficiency can affect growth, muscle function, and energy metabolism, potentially causing symptoms such as muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, and changes in body composition. Recently, some authors have suggested the involvement of the pituitary gland in Post COVID-19 Syndrome. The exact mechanisms of viral action on infected cells remain under discussion, but inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms are primarily implicated. The aim of our study will be to review the main pituitary complications following COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we will explain the possible involvement of the pituitary gland in the persistence of Post COVID-19 Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ach Taieb
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Farhat Hached Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (B.H.S.N.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (B.A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology, L.R.19ES09, Sousse 4054, Tunisia
| | - Ben Haj Slama Nassim
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Farhat Hached Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (B.H.S.N.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (B.A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Gorchane Asma
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Farhat Hached Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (B.H.S.N.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (B.A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Methnani Jabeur
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology, L.R.19ES09, Sousse 4054, Tunisia
| | - Saad Ghada
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Farhat Hached Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (B.H.S.N.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (B.A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Ben Abdelkrim Asma
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Farhat Hached Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia; (B.H.S.N.); (G.A.); (S.G.); (B.A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
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Yadav A, Mishra RK. Withania somnifera ameliorates sexual arousal and impotence in stressed sexually sluggish male rats by modulating neurotransmitters and NO/cGMP/PDE5α pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116971. [PMID: 37532077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psychological stress is a growing global threat to male sexual potency and erection efficiency. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS), also known as Ashwagandha, is a well-known Ayurvedic herb. The roots of Withania somnifera improve the body's ability to handle stress, strengthen the immune system, promote healthy ageing, and have aphrodisiac properties with male sexual stimulation effects. Despite its widespread acceptance as an Ayurvedic stress-relieving drug with beneficial effects on male reproductive health, Withania somnifera has yet to be studied for its potential role in improving the sexual arousal and erectile dysfunction of psychologically stressed sexually sluggish males. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the therapeutic effects of purified root powder of Withania somnifera on sexual behaviour and erectile efficiency in stressed sexually sluggish male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sexually sluggish male rats were screened by premating tests after being exposed to a psychological stressor, restraint stress, 3 h/day for 30 days. Subsequently, these rats were treated with purified root powder of WS (150 or 300 mg/kg/day-PO) or sildenafil (5 mg/kg/day-PO) for 30 days. The rats were sacrificed after 24 h of the last treatment, and the effects on various factors related to sexual behaviour, penile histomorphology, serum hormones, and neurotransmitters associated with sexual arousal and penile erection were examined. RESULTS WS treatment improves prosexual and sexual behaviour in psychologically stressed sexually sluggish male rats by increasing non-contact erections and mounts, intromission, and ejaculation frequencies, while decreasing sexual exhaustion by decreasing post-ejaculation intervals and latencies. WS also modulates neurotransmitters and hormones associated with sexual desire and stress, including dopamine, serotonin, corticosterone, and prolactin. Additionally, there was also a dose-dependent increase in serum LH, FSH, and testosterone levels. The administration of WS to sexually sluggish rats resulted in significant improvements in penile histomorphology, specifically by increasing the ratio of smooth muscle (SM) to collagen. Furthermore, in sexually sluggish rats, WS treatment increased the expression of markers associated with penile erection facilitation, such as nNOS, eNOS, p-Akt, nitric oxide, acetylcholine, and cGMP. Notably, WS treatment decreased the expression of penile PDE5α in these rats in a dose-dependent manner. Remarkably, the therapeutic effects of WS are comparable to those of sildenafil. CONCLUSIONS Purified root powder of Withania somnifera was found to improve sexual arousal and erection efficiency in stressed, sexually sluggish male rats. This improvement was achieved by modulating the HPG and HPA axes as well as the NO/cGMP/PDE5α pathway involved in penile erection. Thus, our findings strongly support the potent therapeutic potential of purified root powder of WS in improving the sexual health of stressed sexually sluggish rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab., Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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Marie C, Pierre A, Mayeur A, Giton F, Corre R, Grynberg M, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Guigon CJ, Chauvin S. Dysfunction of Human Estrogen Signaling as a Novel Molecular Signature of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16689. [PMID: 38069013 PMCID: PMC10706349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a major hormone-controlling folliculogenesis whose dysfunction may participate in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) infertility. To determine whether both the concentration and action of E2 could be impaired in non-hyperandrogenic overweight PCOS women, we isolated granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular fluid (FF) from follicles of women undergoing ovarian stimulation (27 with PCOS, and 54 without PCOS). An analysis of the transcript abundance of 16 genes in GCs showed that androgen and progesterone receptor expressions were significantly increased in GCs of PCOS (by 2.7-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively), while those of the steroidogenic enzymes CYP11A1 and HSD3B2 were down-regulated (by 56% and 38%, respectively). Remarkably, treatment of GC cultures with E2 revealed its ineffectiveness in regulating the expression of several key endocrine genes (e.g., GREB1 or BCL2) in PCOS. Additionally, a comparison of the steroid concentrations (measured by GC/MS) in GCs with those in FF of matched follicles demonstrated that the significant decline in the E2 concentration (by 23%) in PCOS FF was not the result of the E2 biosynthesis reduction. Overall, our study provides novel hallmarks of PCOS by highlighting the ineffective E2 signaling in GCs as well as the dysregulation in the expression of genes involved in follicular growth, which may contribute to aberrant folliculogenesis in non-hyperandrogenic women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Marie
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Alice Pierre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Anne Mayeur
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction et Préservation de la Fertilité, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France;
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle Biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Inserm IMRB U955, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Raphael Corre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Michaël Grynberg
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction et Préservation de la Fertilité, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France;
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Céline J. Guigon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Stéphanie Chauvin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
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Kim MJ, Kim JA, Song JA, Kho KH, Choi CY. Synthetic microfiber exposure negatively affects reproductive parameters in male medaka (Oryzias latipes). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 334:114216. [PMID: 36681254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics not only accumulate in the bodies of fishes and cause damage to the organs, but also cause many other problems, such as reduced reproductive capacity, by acting directly or indirectly on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (HPG axis). In this study, we investigated the changes in HPG axis-related genes in male medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to fiber-type microplastics. We confirmed the progression of vitellogenesis, a sign of endocrine disruption, in male fish. In the microfiber-exposed group, microfiber accumulation was confirmed in the gills and intestines. One week after exposure to two different concentrations of microfibers (500 and 1,000 fibers/L), the fish showed increased expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) mRNA. From day 10 of exposure to the microfibers, there was an increase in the expression of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) mRNA and a decrease in the expression of GnRH and LH-R mRNA. There was an increase in the cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19a) mRNA expression and plasma estradiol (E2) concentration in the 1,000 fibers/L exposure group. High vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression was confirmed seven days after exposure in the 1,000 fibers/L group, which was consistent with the VTG mRNA expression signals detected in the liver using in situ hybridization. These results suggest that microfiber ingestion may cause short-term endocrinal disruption of the HPG axis in male medaka, which in turn may interfere with their normal maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Kim
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ah Song
- Marine Bio-Resources Research Unit, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
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Kupcova I, Danisovic L, Grgac I, Harsanyi S. Anxiety and Depression: What Do We Know of Neuropeptides? Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12080262. [PMID: 36004833 PMCID: PMC9405013 DOI: 10.3390/bs12080262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, there has been a rising trend of depression and anxiety. This trend heavily impacts the population’s mental health and thus contributes significantly to morbidity and, in the worst case, to suicides. Modern medicine, with many antidepressants and anxiolytics at hand, is still unable to achieve remission in many patients. The pathophysiology of depression and anxiety is still only marginally understood, which encouraged researchers to focus on neuropeptides, as they are a vast group of signaling molecules in the nervous system. Neuropeptides are involved in the regulation of many physiological functions. Some act as neuromodulators and are often co-released with neurotransmitters that allow for reciprocal communication between the brain and the body. Most studied in the past were the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of oxytocin, vasopressin or neuropeptide Y and S, or Substance P. However, in recent years, more and more novel neuropeptides have been added to the list, with implications for the research and development of new targets, diagnostic elements, and even therapies to treat anxiety and depressive disorders. In this review, we take a close look at all currently studied neuropeptides, their related pathways, their roles in stress adaptation, and the etiology of anxiety and depression in humans and animal models. We will focus on the latest research and information regarding these associated neuropeptides and thus picture their potential uses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Kupcova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Ivan Grgac
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Stefan Harsanyi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.K.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59357-299
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Vigil P, Meléndez J, Soto H, Petkovic G, Bernal YA, Molina S. Chronic Stress and Ovulatory Dysfunction: Implications in Times of COVID-19. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:866104. [PMID: 35677754 PMCID: PMC9168655 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.866104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to be associated with adverse health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns are examples of chronic stressors. Lockdown measures inadvertently caused significant psychological distress and became a powerful source of anxiety/stress, sleep disturbances, nutritional changes and weight gain. Stress is known to impact women's health specifically, through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis dysfunction and resultant ovulatory dysfunction. Such dysfunction may manifest in menstrual irregularities and/or infertility due to hypothalamic hypogonadism. Here, we review the key physiological mediators of stress and associated ovulatory dysfunction. The kisspeptinergic system is comprised of sets of neurons located in the hypothalamus, the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC). This system links nutrition, reproductive signals and stress. It plays a key role in the function of the HPG axis. During chronic stress, the kisspeptinergic system affects the HPG axis, GnRH pulsatility, and, therefore, ovulation. Leptin, insulin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) are thought to be additional key modulators in the behavioral responses to chronic stress and may contribute to stress-related ovulatory dysfunction. This mini-review also summarizes and appraises the available evidence on the negative impact of chronic stress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. It proposes physiological mechanisms to explain the observed effects on women's reproductive health and well-being. The review suggests areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Vigil
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Médica San Cristóbal, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Pilar Vigil
| | - Jaime Meléndez
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Soto
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yanara A. Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Santiago Molina
- Tallahassee Community College, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Singh P, Anjum S, Srivastava RK, Tsutsui K, Krishna A. Central and peripheral neuropeptide RFRP-3: A bridge linking reproduction, nutrition, and stress response. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100979. [PMID: 35122778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is an amalgamation of the current status of RFRP-3 (GnIH) in reproduction and its association with the nutrition and stress-mediated changes in the reproductive activities. GnIH has been demonstrated in the hypothalamus of all the vertebrates studied so far and is a well-known inhibitor of GnRH mediated reproduction. The RFRP-3 neurons interact with the other hypothalamic neurons and the hormonal signals from peripheral organs for coordinating the nutritional, stress, and environmental associated changes to regulate reproduction. RFRP-3 has also been shown to regulate puberty, reproductive cyclicity and senescence depending upon the nutritional status. A favourable nutritional status and the environmental cues which are permissive for the successful breeding and pregnancy outcome keep RFRP-3 level low, whereas unfavourable nutritional status and stressful conditions increase the expression of RFRP-3 which impairs the reproduction. Still our knowledge about RFRP-3 is incomplete regarding its therapeutic application for nutritional or stress-related reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmasana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Shabana Anjum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima University 739-8521, Japan
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
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Alterations of Cortisol and Melatonin Production by the Theca Interna Cells of Porcine Cystic Ovarian Follicles. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030357. [PMID: 35158681 PMCID: PMC8833480 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mechanism of follicular cyst formation is largely unknown but changes in follicular composition are known to be involved. In particular, there is abnormal hormone secretion in cystic follicles. Here, we found there was disruption of hormone secretion in the fluid of cystic follicles in sows. The glucocorticoid receptor was highly expressed, and the melatonin receptor was weakly expressed in cystic follicles compared with control follicles. Thus, secretion of steroid hormones in cystic follicles is disrupted and disturbances in signaling via cortisol and melatonin are involved in the development of follicular cysts in sows. Abstract (1) Background: Cortisol and melatonin (MT) act in regulating follicular development. We hypothesized that abnormal levels of cortisol, MT, and steroids in theca interna cells might be involved in the development of follicular cysts in sows. (2) Methods: To test this hypothesis, we measured the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in steroid hormone synthesis, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and melatonin receptors (MTRs) in theca interna cells of cystic and normal porcine follicles. (3) Results: The concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol were greater in cystic follicles than in control ones (p = 0.034, p = 0.020, p = 0.000), but the concentration of MT was significantly lower (p = 0.045). The levels of GR, 11β-HSD1, and 11β-HSD2 were higher in cystic follicles than in control l follicles. MT types 1 and 2 were significantly lower in cystic follicles (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of genes encoding the steroid hormone synthesis enzymes, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), recombinant cytochrome P45011A1 (CYP11A1), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in theca interna cells of cystic follicles were significantly higher than in control follicles. Thus, there was disruption of hormone secretion in the fluid of cystic follicles in sows. (4) Conclusions: The levels of steroid hormones, cortisol and MT are disrupted in porcine cystic follicles.
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Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Functions of habenula in reproduction and socio-reproductive behaviours. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100964. [PMID: 34793817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Habenula is an evolutionarily conserved structure in the brain of vertebrates. Recent reports have drawn attention to the habenula as a processing centre for emotional decision-making and its role in psychiatric disorders. Emotional decision-making process is also known to be closely associated with reproductive conditions. The habenula receives innervations from reproductive centres within the brain and signals from key reproductive neuroendocrine regulators such as gonadal sex steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and kisspeptin. In this review, based on morphological, biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological evidence we discuss an emerging role of the habenula in reproduction. Further, we discuss the modulatory role of reproductive endocrine factors in the habenula and their association with socio-reproductive behaviours such as mating, anxiety and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Song JA, Park HS, Park YS, Kho KH, Choi CY. Exogenous cortisol and red light irradiation affect reproductive parameters in the goldfish Carassius auratus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1711-1724. [PMID: 34480244 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive hormones play essential roles in the control of reproduction and gonadal maturation in fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cortisol administration (10 µg/g or 50 µg/g) or red light irradiation at two intensities (0.5 W/m2 or 1.0 W/m2) on the reproductive hormones in goldfish (Carassius auratus). The effects of different treatments were analyzed by determining the mRNA expression levels of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIH-R), chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone (cGnRH-II), salmon GnRH (sGnRH), FSHβ, LHβ, and plasma testosterone and the level of 17β-estradiol for 48 h. Additionally, by double immunofluorescence staining, we detected the expression of both GnIH and GnRH in the diencephalons of goldfish brains. The mRNA expression of GnIH-R was significantly higher in the cortisol group and red light-irradiated group from 3 to 48 h than in the control group. Additionally, the mRNA levels of cGnRH-II, sGnRH, FSHβ, LHβ, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol were significantly lower in the cortisol group than in the other groups from 3 to 48 h. These results indicated that both cortisol and red light-emitting diode (LED) light increased GnIH expression and inhibited GnRH expression. In particular, red light irradiation suppressed reproductive responses as much as the cortisol treatment at 48 h. Thus, it could be an alternative method for suppressing reproductive responses in future aquacultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Song
- Division of Marine BioScience, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Park
- Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, KIOST, Busan, 49111, Korea
| | | | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea.
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine BioScience, National Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Korea.
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12
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Dunbar RIM, Shultz S. The Infertility Trap: The Fertility Costs of Group-Living in Mammalian Social Evolution. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.634664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammal social groups vary considerably in size from single individuals to very large herds. In some taxa, these groups are extremely stable, with at least some individuals being members of the same group throughout their lives; in other taxa, groups are unstable, with membership changing by the day. We argue that this variability in grouping patterns reflects a tradeoff between group size as a solution to environmental demands and the costs created by stress-induced infertility (creating an infertility trap). These costs are so steep that, all else equal, they will limit group size in mammals to ∼15 individuals. A species will only be able to live in larger groups if it evolves strategies that mitigate these costs. We suggest that mammals have opted for one of two solutions. One option (fission-fusion herding) is low cost but high risk; the other (bonded social groups) is risk-averse, but costly in terms of cognitive requirements.
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13
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Bruinvels G, Lewis NA, Blagrove RC, Scott D, Simpson RJ, Baggish AL, Rogers JP, Ackerman KE, Pedlar CR. COVID-19-Considerations for the Female Athlete. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:606799. [PMID: 33665612 PMCID: PMC7921484 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.606799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) caused the whole sporting calendar to be paused. As we embark on the challenge of navigating through the return to play (RTP) process, there is a necessity to consider the needs of all athletes. This commentary specifically considers recommendations and requirements for the female athlete with a physiological emphasis during and following the COVID-19 pandemic, however, it will be relevant for any similar future scenarios that may present. It is important to acknowledge that there remain many unknowns surrounding COVID-19 and the female athlete both in the short- and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgie Bruinvels
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom.,Orreco Ltd., Unit 103, Business Innovation Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nathan A Lewis
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom.,Orreco Ltd., Unit 103, Business Innovation Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Richard C Blagrove
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Scott
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John P Rogers
- Department of Sports Medicine, Manchester Institute of High Performance, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Ackerman
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom.,Orreco Ltd., Unit 103, Business Innovation Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Djouahra N, Moudilou EN, Exbrayat JM, Hammouche S. Immunodistribution of RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) during the seminiferous epithelium cycle in a desert rodent Psammomys obesus. Tissue Cell 2021; 69:101484. [PMID: 33450652 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Sand rat, Psammomys obesus, living northwest of the Algerian Sahara, presents a seasonal reproductive cycle. The purposes of this study were firstly to determine the stages of seminiferous epithelium cycle (SEC) by histological and morphometric analysis and secondly to investigate, for the first time, the testicular expression of RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) during the SEC by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the SEC consists of 14 stages according to the tubular morphology method. RFRP-3 was observed in both testicular compartments: the tubular and the interstitial. Leydig cells exhibited the highest RFRP-3 signal (30.73 % ± 4.80) compared to Sertoli cells (13-15 %). In the germline, RFRP-3 was detected during the late prophase I of meiosis in late pachytene, diplotene and metaphasic spermatocytes I. In addition, only round and triangular spermatids were positive during spermiogenesis. Referring to the SEC, it was found that the increased staining of RFRP-3 in spermatocytes I coincided with late pachytene of XI and XII stages (16.90 % ± 0.69 and 16.61 % ± 0.28, respectively). In spermatids, the labeling decreased in the triangular ones at stage IX (8.04 % ± 0.42). These results suggest the involvement of RFRP-3 in the control of SEC in P. obesus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Djouahra
- USTHB, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene, Biological Sciences Faculty, Arid Area Research Laboratory, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Elara N Moudilou
- Confluence Sciences and Humanities Research Unit, Biosciences Technologies Ethics Laboratory, Lyon Catholic University, 10 Place des Archives, Lyon, 69002, France
| | - Jean-Marie Exbrayat
- Confluence Sciences and Humanities Research Unit, Biosciences Technologies Ethics Laboratory, Lyon Catholic University, 10 Place des Archives, Lyon, 69002, France
| | - Sadjia Hammouche
- USTHB, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene, Biological Sciences Faculty, Arid Area Research Laboratory, Algiers, Algeria
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15
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Ying S, Qin J, Dai Z, An H, Zhu H, Chen R, Yang X, Wu W, Shi Z. Effects of LPS on the Secretion of Gonadotrophin Hormones and Expression of Genes in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary (HPG) Axis in Laying Yangzhou Geese. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122259. [PMID: 33266293 PMCID: PMC7760895 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from E. coli, has been proven to impair follicle development and steroidogenesis, secretion of pituitary and hypothalamus reproductive hormones in mammals. However, the effects of LPS on the avian reproductive axis remain elusive. Pathogenic bacterial infection due to the particular mating behavior on the water containing pathogens was reported to decrease the laying rate and cause economic loss in goose production. In this study, we showed that LPS infection disturbed the plasma pituitary gonadotrophin hormone concentrations and the gene expression of the reproductive axis in Yangzhou geese. Notably, for the first time we proved that both the expression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH), two important reproductive genes from the hypothalamus, were altered after LPS treatment in birds. Our results can explain the decreased laying rate in goose after bacterial infection, and also provide new insights into reproductive dysfunction caused by LPS and the immune challenge in birds. Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria was found to be involved in the decrease in laying performance in goose flocks with high stocking density during summer months. LPS injection delayed the increase in the laying rate and altered hierarchical follicle morphology. While there is evidence that LPS exerts suppressive effects on goose reproduction, the time course effects of LPS on the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPG) axis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of genes in the HPG axis and the plasma gonadotrophin hormone concentrations in breeding geese at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h after intravenous injection with LPS. The results showed that LPS treatment enhanced and suppressed expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA, respectively, and similar effects were observed on the mRNA expression of their receptors, GnIHR and GnRHR, in the pituitary. LPS treatment transiently increased follicle FSHβ mRNA expression at 12 h and exerted no significant effect on LHβ mRNA expression in the pituitary. Regardless of the expression of FSHβ and LHβ, plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were significantly increased during 24–36 h after LPS treatment. In the ovary, StAR and Cyp11a1 were mainly expressed in the granulosa layer (GL) of hierarchical follicles, while Cyp17a1 and Cyp19a1 were mainly expressed in white follicles (WFs) and yellowish follicles (YFs), and to a lesser extent in the theca layer (TL). After LPS treatment, the mRNA levels of Cyp11a1 in the GLs, Cyp17a1 in the WFs and TL, and Cyp19a1 in the WFs, YFs, and TL were significantly decreased. However, LPS treatment transiently upregulated StAR expression at 12 h. These results indicate that the exposure of laying geese to LPS may impair the HPG axis and disturb ovarian steroidogenesis. Our research provides new insights into reproductive dysfunction caused by LPS and the immune challenge in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.Z.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jialin Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Q.); (H.A.); (X.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Zichun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Hao An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Q.); (H.A.); (X.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.Z.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Rong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.Z.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xiaojin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Q.); (H.A.); (X.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Q.); (H.A.); (X.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.Z.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Z.S.)
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16
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Alauddin M, Salker MS, Umbach AT, Rajaxavier J, Okumura T, Singh Y, Wagner A, Brucker SY, Wallwiener D, Brosens JJ, Lang F. Annexin A7 Regulates Endometrial Receptivity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:770. [PMID: 32923441 PMCID: PMC7456953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited window of receptivity is a prerequisite of reproductive success. Indispensable receptivity genes include cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), an enzyme accomplishing formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). A powerful regulator of PGE2 formation is Annexin A7 (ANXA7). The present study thus explored whether ANXA7 impacts on implantation and fertility. Here we show that ANXA7 is expressed in endometrial tissue and increases upon decidual transformation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) in a time-dependent manner. Silencing ANXA7 significantly decreased the expression of PRL and IGFBP1, canonical decidual marker genes, but enhances COX2 and PGE2 levels. Genetic knockout of AnxA7 in mice significantly increases the number of implantation sites and litter sizes. Further, analysis of human endometrial biopsies showed that ANXA7 transcript and protein levels are decreased during the midluteal window of implantation in women suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) when compared to subfertile patients. Taken together, the data indicate that ANXA7 has a conserved role in regulating endometrial receptivity and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Alauddin
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja T Umbach
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet Rajaxavier
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Wagner
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diethelm Wallwiener
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Dunbar RIM. Fertility as a constraint on group size in African great Apes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gorillas and chimpanzees live in social groups of very different size and structure. Here I test the hypothesis that this difference might reflect the way fertility maps onto group demography as it does in other Catarrhines. For both genera, birth rates and the number of surviving offspring per female are quadratic (or ∩-shaped) functions of the number of adult females in the group, and this is independent of environmental effects. The rate at which fertility declines ultimately imposes a constraint on the size of social groups that can be maintained in both taxa. The differences in group size between the two genera seem to reflect a contrast in the way females buffer themselves against this cost. Gorillas do this by using males as bodyguards, whereas chimpanzees exploit fission–fusion sociality to do so. The latter allows chimpanzees to live in much larger groups without paying a fertility cost (albeit at a cognitive cost).
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Affiliation(s)
- R I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK
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18
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Hu KL, Chang HM, Li R, Yu Y, Qiao J. Regulation of LH secretion by RFRP-3 - From the hypothalamus to the pituitary. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:12-21. [PMID: 29608929 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs) have long been identified as inhibitors of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in mammals. However, less progress has been made in the detailed roles of RFRPs in the control of LH secretion. Recent studies have suggested that RFRP-3 neurons in the hypothalamus can regulate the secretion of LH at different levels, including kisspeptin neurons, GnRH neurons, and the pituitary. Additionally, conflicting results regarding the effects of RFRP-3 on these levels exist. In this review, we collect the latest evidence related to the effects of RFRP-3 neurons in regulating LH secretion by acting on kisspeptin neurons, GnRH neurons, and the pituitary and discuss the potential role of the timely reduction of RFRP-3 signaling in the modulation of the preovulatory LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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19
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Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Jalali M, Salehi MS, Tsutsui K, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. The roles of RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs), mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) orthologues in female reproduction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1210-1220. [PMID: 30627363 PMCID: PMC6312679 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.30520.7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To benefit from reproduction and deal with challenges in the environmental conditions, animals must adapt internal physiology to maximize the reproduction rate. Maladaptive variations in the neurochemical systems and reproductive system can lead to manifestation of several significant mammalian reprocesses, including mammalian ovarian lifespan. RFamide-related peptide (RFRP, Rfrp), mammalian orthologues of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), which is a regulator to prevent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neural activity, is known to be related to reproductive traits. This review aimed to summarize recent five-year observations to outline historic insights and novel perspectives into the functions of RFRPs in coding the mammalian reproductive physiology, especially highlight recent advances in the impact on RFRPs in regulating mammalian ovary lifespan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the recent five-year important findings of RFRP system involved in mammalian ovary development. Data for this review were collected from Google Scholar and PubMed using the RFRP keyword combined with the keywords related to physiological or pathological reproductive functions. RESULTS Recent discoveries are focused on three major fronts in research on RFRP role in female reproduction including reproductive functions, energy balance, and stress regulation. The roles of RFRPs in various development phases of mammal reproduction including prepuberty, puberty, estrous cycle, pregnancy, milking, menopause, and/or ovarian diseases have been shown. CONCLUSION Overall, these recent advances demonstrate that RFRPs serve as critical mediators in mammalian ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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20
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Yano K, Mayila Y, Irahara M. Prenatal undernutrition decreases the anorectic response to septic doses of lipopolysaccharides in adulthood in male rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 69:39-43. [PMID: 29966741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal undernutrition affects some physiological functions after birth, and such changes are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, we have reported that prenatally undernourished male rats exhibited stronger febrile and anorectic responses to immune stress induced by moderate-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in adulthood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal undernutrition on stress responses to the administration of a septic dose (3 mg/kg) of LPS in later life, mainly focusing on changes in hypothalamic proinflammatory cytokine expression. We also evaluated the expression of hypothalamic and peripheral reproductive factors because it has been suggested that the stress responses of reproductive functions are affected by prenatal and neonatal stress and nutritional conditions. As a result, we found that prenatal undernutrition attenuated the anorectic response to septic-dose LPS treatment in adulthood in male rats. In addition, it attenuated the LPS-induced suppression of serum testosterone levels and the changes in hypothalamic proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6) expression induced by septic-dose LPS treatment in adulthood. These results suggest that prenatal undernutrition attenuates stress and reproductive responses under severe immune stress conditions. The downregulation of hypothalamic stress-related factor expression might be involved in such attenuated stress responses, which could be one of the protective mechanisms used to prevent excessive immune responses and aid survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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21
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Kriegsfeld LJ, Jennings KJ, Bentley GE, Tsutsui K. Gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone and its mammalian orthologue RFamide-related peptide-3: Discovery and functional implications for reproduction and stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12597. [PMID: 29624758 PMCID: PMC6263162 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At the turn of the millennium, a neuropeptide with pronounced inhibitory actions on avian pituitary gonadotrophin secretion was identified and named gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH). Across bird species, GnIH acts at the level of the pituitary and the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system to inhibit reproduction. Subsequent to this initial discovery, orthologues of GnIH have been identified and characterised across a broad range of species. In many vertebrates, the actions of GnIH and its orthologues serve functional roles analogous to those seen in birds. In other cases, GnIH and its orthologues exhibit more diverse actions dependent on sex, species, season and reproductive condition. The present review highlights the discovery and functional implications of GnIH across species, focusing on research domains in which the significance of this neuropeptide has been explored most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Corresponding Author: Lance J. Kriegsfeld, Ph.D. Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1650, USA, Phone: (510) 642-5148; Fax: (510) 642-5293;
| | - Kimberly J. Jennings
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - George E. Bentley
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology, Waseda University, and Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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22
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Yano K, Yanagihara R, Mayila Y, Irahara M. The effects of chronic testosterone administration on hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulatory factors (Kiss1, NKB, pDyn and RFRP) and their receptors in female rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:437-441. [PMID: 29187003 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1409709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of androgens on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in females have not been fully established. To clarify the direct effects of androgens on hypothalamic reproductive factors, we evaluated the effects of chronic testosterone administration on hypothalamic GnRH regulatory factors in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Both testosterone and estradiol reduced the serum luteinizing hormone levels of OVX female rats, indicating that, as has been found for estrogen, testosterone suppresses GnRH secretion via negative feedback. Similarly, the administration of testosterone or estradiol suppressed the hypothalamic mRNA levels of kisspeptin and neurokinin B, both of which are positive regulators of GnRH, whereas it did not affect the hypothalamic mRNA levels of the kisspeptin receptor or neurokinin-3 receptor. On the contrary, the administration of testosterone, but not estradiol, suppressed the hypothalamic mRNA expression of prodynorphin, which is a negative regulator of GnRH. The administration of testosterone did not alter the rats' serum estradiol levels, indicating that testosterone's effects on hypothalamic factors might be induced by its androgenic activity. These findings suggest that as well as estrogen, androgens have negative feedback effects on GnRH in females and that the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects are similar, but do not completely correspond, to the mechanisms underlying the effects of estrogen on GnRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Rie Yanagihara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Yano K, Mayila Y, Irahara M. The roles of kisspeptin and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone in stress-induced reproductive disorders. Endocr J 2018; 65:133-140. [PMID: 29375085 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several kinds of stress suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and reproductive behavior in humans and animals. These changes can eventually cause diseases and disorders, such as amenorrhea and infertility. In previous studies, it has been shown that stress-related factors, e.g., corticotropin-releasing hormone, cortisol, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote the stress-induced suppression of the HPG axis. However, these mechanisms are not sufficient to explain how stress suppresses HPG axis activity, and it has been suggested that some other factors might also be involved. In the early 21st century, novel neuroendocrine peptides, kisspeptin and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH)/RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3), which directly regulate GnRH/gonadotropin synthesis and secretion, were newly discovered. Growing evidence indicates that kisspeptin and GnIH/RFRP-3 play pivotal roles in the stress-induced disruption of the HPG axis and reproductive behavior in addition to their physiological functions. This review summarizes what is currently known about the roles of kisspeptin and GnIH/RFRP-3 in stress-induced reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yiliyasi Mayila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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