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Wong SK, Mohamad NV, Jayusman PA, Ibrahim N‘I. A Review on the Crosstalk between Insulin and Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling for Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12441. [PMID: 37569816 PMCID: PMC10419059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A positive association between insulin resistance and osteoporosis has been widely established. However, crosstalk between the signalling molecules in insulin and Wingless (Wnt)/beta-(β-)catenin transduction cascades orchestrating bone homeostasis remains not well understood. The current review aims to collate the existing evidence, reporting (a) the expression of insulin signalling molecules involved in bone-related disorders and (b) the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signalling molecules involved in governing insulin homeostasis. The downstream effector molecule, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), has been identified to be a point of convergence linking the two signal transduction networks. This review highlights that GSK3β may be a drug target in the development of novel anabolic agents and the potential use of GSK3β inhibitors to treat bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Vaizura Mohamad
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul ‘Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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2
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Yuan W, Song C. Crosstalk between bone and other organs. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:331-348. [PMID: 37724328 PMCID: PMC10471111 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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3
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Chen M, Ke X, Liang H, Gong F, Yang H, Wang L, Duan L, Pan H, Cao D, Zhu H. The phenotype and rhGH treatment response of ring Chromosome 15 Syndrome: Case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1842. [PMID: 34747577 PMCID: PMC8683626 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ring chromosome 15 [r (15)] is an uncommon finding with various clinical manifestations. A common phenotype for these patients has not been established and data on the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in patients with r (15) syndrome are limited. Methods One short stature patient in our hospital with r (15) syndrome by whole exome sequencing (WES) and karyotype examination was included. All published r (15) syndrome cases as of March 15, 2021, were searched, and their clinical information was recorded and summarized. Results One 11.5‐year‐old female with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, ventricular septal defect, intellectual disability, downward corners, short fifth metacarpal bone, scattered milk coffee spots, and a right ovarian cyst was included. Her height was 126.9 cm (−3.45 SDS). Karyotype analysis showed 46, XX, r (15). WES revealed a 4.5 Mb heterozygous deletion in the chromosome 15q26.2‐q26.3 region, encompassing genes from ARRDC4 to OR4F15. Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogue (triptorelin) and rhGH were administered for 6 months. The height has increased 3.8 cm (+0.2SDS) and the calculated growth rate has improved from 4.7 to 7.6 cm/y. The literature review indicated the main clinical manifestations of r (15) syndrome with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, characteristic craniofacial features, and multisystem abnormalities, and rhGH treatment is beneficial for r (15) syndrome patients with short stature. Conclusion We delineate the clinical spectrum of r (15) syndrome with the identification of an additional individual and rhGH treatment is beneficial for r (15) syndrome patients with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Jiang R, Wang M, Shen X, Huang S, Han J, Li L, Xu Z, Jiang C, Zhou Q, Feng X. SUMO1 modification of IGF-1R combining with SNAI2 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs stimulated by high glucose. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:543. [PMID: 34663464 PMCID: PMC8522165 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease, an oral disease characterized by loss of alveolar bone and progressive teeth loss, is the sixth major complication of diabetes. It is spreading worldwide as it is difficult to be cured. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays an important role in regulating functional impairment associated with diabetes. However, it is unclear whether IGF-1R expression in periodontal tissue is related to alveolar bone destruction in diabetic patients. SUMO modification has been reported in various diseases and is associated with an increasing number of biological processes, but previous studies have not focused on diabetic periodontitis. This study aimed to explore the role of IGF-1R in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in high glucose and control the multiple downstream damage signal factors. Methods PDLSCs were isolated and cultured after extraction of impacted teeth from healthy donors or subtractive orthodontic extraction in adolescents. PDLSCs were cultured in the osteogenic medium with different glucose concentrations prepared by medical 5% sterile glucose solution. The effects of different glucose concentrations on the osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs were studied at the genetic and cellular levels by staining assay, Western Blot, RT-PCR, Co-IP and cytofluorescence. Results We found that SNAI2, RUNX2 expression decreased in PDLSCs cultured in high glucose osteogenic medium compared with that in normal glucose osteogenic medium, which were osteogenesis-related marker. In addition, the IGF-1R expression, sumoylation of IGF-1R and osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs cultured in high glucose osteogenic medium were not consistent with those cultured in normal glucose osteogenic medium. However, osteogenic differentiation of PDLCSs enhanced after adding IGF-1R inhibitors to high glucose osteogenic medium. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that SUMO1 modification of IGF-1R inhibited osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by binding to SNAI2 in high glucose environment, a key factor leading to alveolar bone loss in diabetic patients. Thus we could maximize the control of multiple downstream damage signaling factors and bring new hope for alveolar bone regeneration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobo Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianpeng Han
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfeng Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xingmei Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Barnsley J, Buckland G, Chan PE, Ong A, Ramos AS, Baxter M, Laskou F, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Patel HP. Pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis: challenges for clinical practice in older people. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:759-773. [PMID: 33742387 PMCID: PMC8084810 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, a paralleled elevation in the rate of incident fragility fractures will be observed. This narrative review explores the origins of bone and considers physiological mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis relevant to management and treatment. Secondary causes of osteoporosis, as well as osteosarcopenia are discussed followed by an overview of the commonly used pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barnsley
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - G Buckland
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - P E Chan
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A Ong
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A S Ramos
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M Baxter
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - F Laskou
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Harnish P Patel
- Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Zhang Z, Ren H, Shen G, Zhao W, Shang Q, Yu X, Lu Y, Yu P, Zhang Y, Tang J, Liang D, Jiang X. IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis is implicated in streptozotocin exacerbating bone impairment in ovariectomized rats. Climacteric 2020; 24:179-186. [PMID: 33000666 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1816956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/β-catenin signaling axis in bone impairment induced by hyperglycemia in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Rats were divided into four groups. The sham group received sham operation and a single intraperitoneal administration of vehicle. The ovariectomy (OVX) group was subjected to bilateral OVX and vehicle injection. The streptozotocin (STZ) group received sham operation and a single STZ injection to induce hyperglycemia. The OVX + STZ group received bilateral OVX and a single STZ injection. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement, bone biomechanics test, micro-computed tomography scan, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to evaluate bone alteration in this model. The expression of relevant signals including IGF-1R, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS The OVX, STZ, and OVX + STZ groups induced bone loss, attenuated bone strength, and impaired microarchitecture compared with the sham group, respectively. Compared with OVX, more serious bone damage was found in the OVX + STZ group, which showed enhanced phosphorylation of IGF-1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. CONCLUSION OVX plus STZ induced more serious bone impairment than OVX alone, which involves the IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis in the pathogenesis. This may provide a potential target for treatment of postmenopausal diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Shen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Zhao
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Shang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Yu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Lu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Yu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Tang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Liang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Jiang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Bahamonde M, Misra M. Potential applications for rhIGF-I: Bone disease and IGFI. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 52:101317. [PMID: 32252004 PMCID: PMC7231643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor-I (IGFI) are key bone trophic hormones, whose rising levels during puberty are critical for pubertal bone accrual. Conditions of GH deficiency and genetic resistance impact cortical and trabecular bone deleteriously with reduced estimates of bone strength. In humans, conditions of undernutrition (as in anorexia nervosa (AN), or subsequent to chronic illnesses) are associated with low IGF-I levels, which correlate with disease severity, and also with lower bone mineral density (BMD), impaired bone structure and lower strength estimates. In adolescents and adults with AN, studies have demonstrated a nutritionally acquired GH resistance with low IGF-I levels despite high concentrations of GH. IGF-I levels go up with increasing body weight, and are associated with rising levels of bone turnover markers. In short-term studies lasting 6-10 days, recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) administration in physiologic replacement doses normalized IGF-I levels and increased levels of bone formation markers in both adults and adolescents with AN. In a randomized controlled trial in adults with AN in which participants were randomized to one of four arms: (i) rhIGF-I with oral estrogen-progesterone (EP), (ii) rhIGF-I alone, (iii) EP alone, or (iv) neither for 9 months, a significant increase in bone formation markers was noted in the groups that received rhIGF-I, and a significant decrease in bone resorption markers in the groups that received EP. The group that received both rhIGF-I and EP had a significant increase in bone density at the spine and hip compared to the group that received neither. Side effects were minimal, with no documented fingerstick glucose of <50 mg/dl. These data thus suggest a potential role for rhIGF-I administration in optimizing bone accrual in states of undernutrition associated with low IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Bahamonde
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang ZD, Ren H, Wang WX, Shen GY, Huang JJ, Zhan MQ, Tang JJ, Yu X, Zhang YZ, Liang D, Yang ZD, Jiang XB. IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis is involved in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:838-848. [PMID: 31489803 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is involved in both glucose and bone metabolism. IGF-1R signaling regulates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether the IGF-1R/ β-catenin signaling axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis (DOP). Serum from patients with or without DOP was collected to measure the IGF-1R level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rats were given streptozotocin following a four-week high-fat diet induction (DOP group), or received vehicle after the same period of a normal diet (control group). Dual energy X-ray absorption, a biomechanics test, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed to evaluate bone mass, bone strength, and histomorphology, respectively, in vertebrae. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to measure the total and phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin. The serum IGF-1R level was much higher in patients with DOP than in controls. DOP rats exhibited strikingly reduced bone mass and attenuated compression strength of the vertebrae compared with the control group. HE staining showed that the histomorphology of DOP vertebrae was seriously impaired, which manifested as decreased and thinned trabeculae and increased lipid droplets within trabeculae. PCR analysis demonstrated that IGF-1R mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated, and western blotting detection showed that phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin were enhanced in DOP rat vertebrae. Our results suggest that the IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of DOP. This may contribute to development of the underlying therapeutic target for DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Da Zhang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wei-Xi Wang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Geng-Yang Shen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jin-Jing Huang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Mei-Qi Zhan
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jing-Jing Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, the lower costs of arrays and sequencing technologies, and the better availability of data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have led to more reports on genetic factors that are associated with bone health. However, there remains the need for a summary of the newly identified genetic targets that are associated with bone metabolism, and the status of their functional characterization. RECENT FINDINGS GWASs revealed dozens of novel genetic loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Some of these targets have been functionally characterized, although the vast majority have not. Glypican 6, a membrane surface proteoglycan involved in cellular growth control and differentiation, was identified as a novel determinant of BMD and represents a possible drug target for treatment of osteoporosis. Pathway analysis also showed that cell-growth pathways and the SMAD proteins associated with low BMD. SUMMARY Hits that were significantly associated with BMD in different studies represent likely candidates (e.g. SOST, WNT16, ESR1 and RANKL) for functional characterization and development of osteoporosis treatments. Indeed, currently available treatment for osteoporosis (antibody against RANKL) appeared a significant target in four recent GWAS studies indicating their applicability and importance for future treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Lovšin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Li G, Qian H, Guo S, Wang D, Sun C, Du Y, Cheng J, Jiang H. Assessment of aging characteristics of female condylar trabecular structure by cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Radiol 2018; 35:16-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-018-0322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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