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Zhang J, Wang Y. Emerging roles of O-GlcNAcylation in protein trafficking and secretion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105677. [PMID: 38272225 PMCID: PMC10907171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging roles of O-GlcNAcylation, a distinctive post-translational modification, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in the intricate processes of protein trafficking and secretion. This modification exerts its influence on both conventional and unconventional secretory pathways. Under healthy and stress conditions, such as during diseases, it orchestrates the transport of proteins within cells, ensuring timely delivery to their intended destinations. O-GlcNAcylation occurs on key factors, like coat protein complexes (COPI and COPII), clathrin, SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors), and GRASP55 (Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 55 kDa) that control vesicle budding and fusion in anterograde and retrograde trafficking and unconventional secretion. The understanding of O-GlcNAcylation offers valuable insights into its critical functions in cellular physiology and the progression of diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest findings elucidating the involvement of O-GlcNAc in protein trafficking and its significance in various human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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2
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Packer M. Fetal Reprogramming of Nutrient Surplus Signaling, O-GlcNAcylation, and the Evolution of CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1480-1491. [PMID: 37340541 PMCID: PMC10482065 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fetal kidney development is characterized by increased uptake of glucose, ATP production by glycolysis, and upregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 α ), which (acting in concert) promote nephrogenesis in a hypoxic low-tubular-workload environment. By contrast, the healthy adult kidney is characterized by upregulation of sirtuin-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which enhances ATP production through fatty acid oxidation to fulfill the needs of a normoxic high-tubular-workload environment. During stress or injury, the kidney reverts to a fetal signaling program, which is adaptive in the short term, but is deleterious if sustained for prolonged periods when both oxygen tension and tubular workload are heightened. Prolonged increases in glucose uptake in glomerular and proximal tubular cells lead to enhanced flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway; its end product-uridine diphosphate N -acetylglucosamine-drives the rapid and reversible O-GlcNAcylation of thousands of intracellular proteins, typically those that are not membrane-bound or secreted. Both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation act at serine/threonine residues, but whereas phosphorylation is regulated by hundreds of specific kinases and phosphatases, O-GlcNAcylation is regulated only by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, which adds or removes N-acetylglucosamine, respectively, from target proteins. Diabetic and nondiabetic CKD is characterized by fetal reprogramming (with upregulation of mTOR and HIF-1 α ) and increased O-GlcNAcylation, both experimentally and clinically. Augmentation of O-GlcNAcylation in the adult kidney enhances oxidative stress, cell cycle entry, apoptosis, and activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways, and it inhibits megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis in glomerular mesangial and proximal tubular cells-effects that can be aggravated and attenuated by augmentation and muting of O-GlcNAcylation, respectively. In addition, drugs with known nephroprotective effects-angiotensin receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors-are accompanied by diminished O-GlcNAcylation in the kidney, although the role of such suppression in mediating their benefits has not been explored. The available evidence supports further work on the role of uridine diphosphate N -acetylglucosamine as a critical nutrient surplus sensor (acting in concert with upregulated mTOR and HIF-1 α signaling) in the development of diabetic and nondiabetic CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute , Dallas , Texas and Imperial College , London , United Kingdom
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3
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Ben Ahmed A, Lemaire Q, Scache J, Mariller C, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. O-GlcNAc Dynamics: The Sweet Side of Protein Trafficking Regulation in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1396. [PMID: 37408229 PMCID: PMC10216988 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of proteins between the different cellular compartments and the cell surface is governed by the secretory pathway. Alternatively, unconventional secretion pathways have been described in mammalian cells, especially through multivesicular bodies and exosomes. These highly sophisticated biological processes rely on a wide variety of signaling and regulatory proteins that act sequentially and in a well-orchestrated manner to ensure the proper delivery of cargoes to their final destination. By modifying numerous proteins involved in the regulation of vesicular trafficking, post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in the tight regulation of cargo transport in response to extracellular stimuli such as nutrient availability and stress. Among the PTMs, O-GlcNAcylation is the reversible addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by a single couple of enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) which catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc onto proteins, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) which hydrolyses it. Here, we review the current knowledge on the emerging role of O-GlcNAc modification in the regulation of protein trafficking in mammalian cells, in classical and unconventional secretory pathways.
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Rahmani S, Ahmed H, Ibazebo O, Fussner-Dupas E, Wakarchuk WW, Antonescu CN. O-GlcNAc transferase modulates the cellular endocytosis machinery by controlling the formation of clathrin-coated pits. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102963. [PMID: 36731797 PMCID: PMC9999237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) controls the internalization and function of a wide range of cell surface proteins. CME occurs by the assembly of clathrin and many other proteins on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane into clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). These structures recruit specific cargo destined for internalization, generate membrane curvature, and in many cases undergo scission from the plasma membrane to yield intracellular vesicles. The diversity of functions of cell surface proteins controlled via internalization by CME may suggest that regulation of CCP formation could be effective to allow cellular adaptation under different contexts. Of interest is how cues derived from cellular metabolism may regulate CME, given the reciprocal role of CME in controlling cellular metabolism. The modification of proteins with O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) is sensitive to nutrient availability and may allow cellular adaptation to different metabolic conditions. Here, we examined how the modification of proteins with O-GlcNAc may control CCP formation and thus CME. We used perturbation of key enzymes responsible for protein O-GlcNAc modification, as well as specific mutants of the endocytic regulator AAK1 predicted to be impaired for O-GlcNAc modification. We identify that CCP initiation and the assembly of clathrin and other proteins within CCPs are controlled by O-GlcNAc protein modification. This reveals a new dimension of regulation of CME and highlights the important reciprocal regulation of cellular metabolism and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hafsa Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osemudiamen Ibazebo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eden Fussner-Dupas
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Mucin-domain glycoproteins comprise a class of proteins whose densely O-glycosylated mucin domains adopt a secondary structure with unique biophysical and biochemical properties. The canonical family of mucins is well-known to be involved in various diseases, especially cancer. Despite this, very little is known about the site-specific molecular structures and biological activities of mucins, in part because they are extremely challenging to study by mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we summarize recent advancements toward this goal, with a particular focus on mucin-domain glycoproteins as opposed to general O-glycoproteins. We summarize proteolytic digestion techniques, enrichment strategies, MS fragmentation, and intact analysis, as well as new bioinformatic platforms. In particular, we highlight mucin directed technologies such as mucin-selective proteases, tunable mucin platforms, and a mucinomics strategy to enrich mucin-domain glycoproteins from complex samples. Finally, we provide examples of targeted mucin-domain glycoproteomics that combine these techniques in comprehensive site-specific analyses of proteins. Overall, this Review summarizes the methods, challenges, and new opportunities associated with studying enigmatic mucin domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rangel-Angarita
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Stacy A. Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Xu S, Sun F, Tong M, Wu R. MS-based proteomics for comprehensive investigation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. Mol Omics 2021; 17:186-196. [PMID: 33687411 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation refers to the covalent binding of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the serine or threonine residue. This modification primarily occurs on proteins in the nucleus and the cytosol, and plays critical roles in many cellular events, including regulation of gene expression and signal transduction. Aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation is directly related to human diseases such as cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In the past decades, considerable progress has been made for global and site-specific analysis of O-GlcNAcylation in complex biological samples using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. In this review, we summarized previous efforts on comprehensive investigation of protein O-GlcNAcylation by MS. Specifically, the review is focused on methods for enriching and site-specifically mapping O-GlcNAcylated peptides, and applications for quantifying protein O-GlcNAcylation in different biological systems. As O-GlcNAcylation is an important protein modification for cell survival, effective methods are essential for advancing our understanding of glycoprotein functions and cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ming Tong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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Shajahan A, Supekar NT, Wu H, Wands AM, Bhat G, Kalimurthy A, Matsubara M, Ranzinger R, Kohler JJ, Azadi P. Mass Spectrometric Method for the Unambiguous Profiling of Cellular Dynamic Glycosylation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2692-2701. [PMID: 32809798 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Various biological processes at the cellular level are regulated by glycosylation which is a highly microheterogeneous post-translational modification (PTM) on proteins and lipids. The dynamic nature of glycosylation can be studied through metabolic incorporation of non-natural sugars into glycan epitopes and their detection using bio-orthogonal probes. However, this approach possesses a significant drawback due to nonspecific background reactions and ambiguity of non-natural sugar metabolism. Here, we report a probe-free strategy for their direct detection by glycoproteomics and glycomics using mass spectrometry (MS). The method dramatically simplifies the detection of non-natural functional group bearing monosaccharides installed through promiscuous sialic acid, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthetic pathways. Multistage enrichment of glycoproteins by cellular fractionation, subsequent ZIC-HILIC (zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction chromatography) based glycopeptide enrichment, and a spectral enrichment algorithm for the MS data processing enabled direct detection of non-natural monosaccharides that are incorporated at low abundance on the N/O-glycopeptides along with their natural counterparts. Our approach allowed the detection of both natural and non-natural sugar bearing glycopeptides, N- and O-glycopeptides, differentiation of non-natural monosaccharide types on the glycans and also their incorporation efficiency through quantitation. Through this, we could deduce interconversion of monosaccharides during their processing through glycan salvage pathway and subsequent incorporation into glycan chains. The study of glycosylation dynamics through this method can be conducted in high throughput, as few sample processing steps are involved, enabling understanding of glycosylation dynamics under various external stimuli and thereby could bolster the use of metabolic glycan engineering in glycosylation functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nitin T. Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Amberlyn M. Wands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Ganapati Bhat
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Aravind Kalimurthy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Masaaki Matsubara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rene Ranzinger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Luo PM, Boyce M. Directing Traffic: Regulation of COPI Transport by Post-translational Modifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31572722 PMCID: PMC6749011 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coat protein complex I (COPI) is an essential, highly conserved pathway that traffics proteins and lipids between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi. Many aspects of the COPI machinery are well understood at the structural, biochemical and genetic levels. However, we know much less about how cells dynamically modulate COPI trafficking in response to changing signals, metabolic state, stress or other stimuli. Recently, post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as one common theme in the regulation of the COPI pathway. Here, we review a range of modifications and mechanisms that govern COPI activity in interphase cells and suggest potential future directions to address as-yet unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Biwi J, Clarisse C, Biot C, Kozak RP, Madunic K, Mortuaire M, Wuhrer M, Spencer DIR, Schulz C, Guerardel Y, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. OGT Controls the Expression and the Glycosylation of E-cadherin, and Affects Glycosphingolipid Structures in Human Colon Cell Lines. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800452. [PMID: 31373757 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects both women and men living in societies with a high sedentary lifestyle. Amongst the phenotypic changes exhibited by tumor cells, a wide range of glycosylation has been reported for colon cancer-derived cell lines and CRC tissues. These aberrant modifications affect different aspects of glycosylation, including an increase in core fucosylation and GlcNAc branching on N-glycans, alteration of O-glycans, upregulated sialylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. Although O-GlcNAcylation and complex glycosylations differ in many aspects, sparse evidences report on the interference of O-GlcNAcylation with complex glycosylation. Nevertheless, this relationship is still a matter of debate. Combining different approaches on three human colon cell lines (HT29, HCT116 and CCD841CoN), it is herein reported that silencing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT, the sole enzyme driving O-GlcNAcylation), only slightly affects overall N- and O-glycosylation patterns. Interestingly, silencing of OGT in HT29 cells upregulates E-cadherin (a major actor of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and changes its glycosylation. On the other hand, OGT silencing perturbs biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids resulting in a decrease in gangliosides and an increase in globosides. Together, these results provide novel insights regarding the selective regulation of complex glycosylations by O-GlcNAcylation in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Biwi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Clarisse
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Radoslaw Pawel Kozak
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3EB, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Madunic
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2333ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2333ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Céline Schulz
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
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Abstract
Cells are dazzling in their diversity, both within and across organisms. And yet, throughout this variety runs at least one common thread: sugars. All cells on Earth, in all domains of life, are literally covered in glycans, a term referring to the carbohydrate portion of glycoproteins and glycolipids. In spite of (or, perhaps, because of) their tremendous structural and functional complexity, glycans have historically been underexplored compared with other areas of cell biology. Recently, however, advances in experimental systems and analytical methods have ushered in a renaissance in glycobiology, the study of the biosynthesis, structures, interactions, functions, and evolution of glycans. Today, glycobiology is poised to make major new contributions to cell biology and become more fully integrated into our understanding of cell and organismal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Broussard
- Department of Biochemistry and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
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