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Usategui-Martín R, Galindo-Cabello N, Pastor-Idoate S, Fernández-Gómez JM, del Real Á, Ferreño D, Lapresa R, Martín-Rodriguez F, Riancho JA, Almeida Á, Pérez-Castrillón JL. A Missense Variant in TP53 Could Be a Genetic Biomarker Associated with Bone Tissue Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1395. [PMID: 38338673 PMCID: PMC10855390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases cover a broad spectrum of disorders that share alterations in bone metabolism that lead to a defective skeleton, which is associated with increasing morbidity, disability, and mortality. There is a close connection between the etiology of metabolic bone diseases and genetic factors, with TP53 being one of the genes associated therewith. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Arg72Pro of TP53 is a genetic factor associated with several pathologies, including cancer, stroke, and osteoporosis. Here, we aim to analyze the influence of the TP53 Arg72Pro SNP on bone mass in humanized Tp53 Arg72Pro knock-in mice. This work reports on the influence of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in bone microarchitecture, OPG expression, and apoptosis bone status. The results show that the proline variant of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism (Pro72-p53) is associated with deteriorated bone tissue, lower OPG/RANK ratio, and lower apoptosis in bone tissue. In conclusion, the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism modulates bone microarchitecture and may be a genetic biomarker that can be used to identify individuals with an increased risk of suffering metabolic bone alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-G.)
- IOBA—Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Nadia Galindo-Cabello
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-G.)
- IOBA—Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | - José María Fernández-Gómez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.M.F.-G.)
| | - Álvaro del Real
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (Á.d.R.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Diego Ferreño
- Laboratory of the Materials Science and Engineering Division—LADICIM, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (R.L.); (Á.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - José A. Riancho
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (Á.d.R.); (J.A.R.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Ángeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (R.L.); (Á.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Castrillón
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Rio Hortega of Valladolid, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
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2
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Himič V, Syrmos N, Ligarotti GKI, Kato S, Fehlings MG, Ganau M. The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in determining the risk of spinal fragility fractures: new insights in the management of spinal osteoporosis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7632-7645. [PMID: 37969626 PMCID: PMC10644129 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis predisposes patients to spinal fragility fractures. Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and prognostication of these osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF). However, the current imaging knowledge base for OVF is lacking sufficient standardisation to enable effective risk prognostication. OVF have been shown to be more prevalent in Caucasian patient cohorts in comparison to the Eastern Asian population. These population-based differences in risk for developing OVF suggest that there could be genetic and epigenetic factors that drive the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, low bone mineral density (BMD) and OVF. Several genetic loci have been associated with a higher vertebral fracture risk, although at varying degrees of significance. The present challenge is clarifying whether these associations are specific to vertebral fractures or osteoporosis more generally. Furthermore, these factors could be exploited for diagnostic interpretation as biomarkers [including novel long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, micro (mi)RNAs and circular (circ)RNAs]. The extent of methylation of genes, alongside post-translational histone modifications, have shown to affect several interlinked pathways that converge on the regulation of bone deposition and resorption, partially through their influence on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Lastly, in addition to biomarkers, several exciting new imaging modalities could add to the established dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method used for BMD assessment. New technologies, and novel sequences within existing imaging modalities, may be able to quantify the quality of bone in addition to the BMD and bone structure; these are making progress through various stages of development from the pre-clinical sphere through to deployment in the clinical setting. In this mini review, we explore the literature to clarify the genetic and epigenetic factors associated with spinal fragility fractures and delineate the causal genes, pathways and interactions which could drive different risk profiles. We also outline the cutting-edge imaging modalities which could transform diagnostic protocols for OVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vratko Himič
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikolaos Syrmos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | - So Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Kragl A, Hannemann A, Nauck M, Völker U, Siggelkow H, Teumer A, Tzvetkov MV. Genetic Variants in WNT16 and PKD2L1 Locus Affect Heel Ultrasound Bone Stiffness: Analyses from the General Population and Patients Evaluated for Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:540-551. [PMID: 37831088 PMCID: PMC10618371 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a complex chronic disease with increasing prevalence, is characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. The high heritability of BMD suggests substantial impact of the individual genetic disposition on bone phenotypes and the development of osteoporosis. In the past years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with BMD or osteoporosis. Here, we analysed 1103 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously identified as associated with estimated BMD (eBMD) in the UK Biobank. We assessed whether these SNPs are related to heel stiffness index obtained by quantitative ultrasound in 5665 adult participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). We confirmed 45 significant associations after correction for multiple testing. Next, we analysed six selected SNPs in 631 patients evaluated for osteoporosis [rs2707518 (CPED1/WNT16), rs3779381 (WNT16), rs115242848 (LOC101927709/EN1), rs10239787 (JAZF1), rs603424 (PKD2L1) and rs6968704 (JAZF1)]. Differences in minor allele frequencies (MAF) of rs2707518 and rs3779381 between SHIP participants (higher MAF) and patients evaluated for osteoporosis (lower MAF) indicated a protective effect of the minor allele on bone integrity. In contrast, differences in MAF of rs603424 indicated a harmful effect. Co-localisation analyses indicated that the rs603424 effect may be mediated via stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression, an enzyme highly expressed in adipose tissue with a crucial role in lipogenesis. Taken together, our results support the role of the WNT16 pathway in the regulation of bone properties and indicate a novel causal role of SCD expression in adipose tissue on bone integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Kragl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heide Siggelkow
- MVZ Endokrinologikum Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Steinerova M, Horecky C, Knoll A, Nedomova S, Slama P, Pavlik A. Study of genes polymorphisms in RANK/RANKL/OPG and WNT signaling pathways and their associations with bone parameters in broiler chicken. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22371. [PMID: 38053912 PMCID: PMC10694325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb problems are one of the most common problems with fast-growing meat-type chickens. Various bone abnormalities, which can lead to limping, bone weakness, or even fractures, bring overall discomfort to birds and a loss of production. Genetic aspects are often associated with these side effects on bone stability and are also cited as the dominant cause. These points to a close negative relationship of genetic selection for rapid growth with traits involved in bone integrity. Due to the assumption of an additive genetic background, improvements through genetic tools can be used. Our study is focused on selected genes of important signaling pathways for bone metabolism. We tried to detect polymorphisms that would show associations with selected bone parameters in a total of 48 broilers. Those were fast-growing Ross 308 hybrids and slow-growing Hubbard M22BxJA87A hybrids. The TNFRSF11A and WISP1 genes were tested. A total of fourteen polymorphisms were found, three of them were synonymous and five in the intron. In the case of four polymorphisms found in exons of the TNFRSF11A gene (c.11G > T, c.31G > A, c.37C > G, c.514G > A), associations with the observed bone parameters (bone strength, bone dimensions and bone mass) were demonstrated. The genetic architecture of bone traits is not fully understood, therefore the present study and the knowledge gained can help to increase the potential in poultry breeding processes and thus reduce the death of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Steinerova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cenek Horecky
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Knoll
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Nedomova
- Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Pavlik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Yenice C, Chahin N, Jauset-Rubio M, Hall M, Biggs P, Dimai HP, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ortiz M, O’Sullivan CK. Semiautomated Electrochemical Melting Curve Analysis Device for the Detection of an Osteoporosis Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Blood. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14192-14202. [PMID: 37713191 PMCID: PMC10534999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is of increasing importance in many areas including clinical diagnostics, patient stratification for pharmacogenomics, and advanced forensic analysis. In the work reported, we apply a semiautomated system for solid-phase electrochemical melting curve analysis (éMCA) for the identification of the allele present at a specific SNP site associated with an increased risk of bone fracture and predisposition to osteoporosis. Asymmetric isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification using ferrocene labeled forward primers was employed to generate single stranded redox labeled amplicons. In a first approach to demonstrate the proof of concept of combining asymmetric RPA with solid-phase éMCA, a simplified system housing a multielectrode array within a polymeric microsystem, sandwiched between two aluminum plates of a heater device, was used. Sample manipulation through the microfluidic channel was controlled by a syringe pump, and an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode was employed. Individual electrodes of the array were functionalized with four different oligonucleotide probes, each probe equivalent in design with the exception of the middle nucleotide. The isothermally generated amplicons were allowed to hybridize to the surface-tethered probes and subsequently subjected to a controlled temperature ramp, and the melting of the duplex was monitored electrochemically. A clear difference between the fully complementary and a single mismatch was observed. Having demonstrated the proof-of-concept, a device for automated éMCA with increased flexibility to house diverse electrode arrays with internal quasi-gold reference electrodes, higher resolution, and broader melting temperature range was developed and exploited for the detection of SNP hetero/homozygosity. Using the optimized conditions, the system was applied to the identification of the allele present at an osteoporosis associated SNP site, rs2741856, in 10 real fingerprick/venous blood samples, with results validated using Sanger sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu
Pinar Yenice
- INTERFIBIO
Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nassif Chahin
- INTERFIBIO
Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miriam Jauset-Rubio
- INTERFIBIO
Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Matthew Hall
- Labman
Automation Ltd., Seamer Hill, Stokesley, North Yorkshire TS9 5NQ, U.K.
| | - Phil Biggs
- Labman
Automation Ltd., Seamer Hill, Stokesley, North Yorkshire TS9 5NQ, U.K.
| | - Hans-Peter Dimai
- Division
of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division
of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mayreli Ortiz
- INTERFIBIO
Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ciara K. O’Sullivan
- INTERFIBIO
Research Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Malavašič P, Polajžer S, Lovšin N. Anaphase-Promoting Complex Subunit 1 Associates with Bone Mineral Density in Human Osteoporotic Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12895. [PMID: 37629076 PMCID: PMC10454667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are one of the most common approaches to identify genetic loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Such novel genetic loci represent new potential targets for the prevention and treatment of fragility fractures. GWAS have identified hundreds of associations with BMD; however, only a few have been functionally evaluated. A locus significantly associated with femoral neck BMD at the genome-wide level is intronic SNP rs17040773 located in the intronic region of the anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 (ANAPC1) gene (p = 1.5 × 10-9). Here, we functionally evaluate the role of ANAPC1 in bone remodelling by examining the expression of ANAPC1 in human bone and muscle tissues and during the osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The expression of ANAPC1 was significantly decreased 2.3-fold in bone tissues and 6.2-fold in muscle tissue from osteoporotic patients as compared to the osteoarthritic and control tissues. Next, we show that the expression of ANAPC1 changes during the osteogenic differentiation process of human MSCs. Moreover, the silencing of ANAPC1 in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells reduced RUNX2 expression, suggesting that ANAPC1 affects osteogenic differentiation through RUNX2. Altogether, our results indicate that ANAPC1 plays a role in bone physiology and in the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Malavašič
- General Hospital Novo Mesto, Šmihelska Cesta 1, 8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia;
| | - Sara Polajžer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Lovšin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Kim J, Kim BY, Lee JS, Jeong YM, Cho HJ, Park E, Kim D, Kim SS, Kim BT, Choi YJ, Won YY, Jin HS, Chung YS, Jeong SY. UBAP2 plays a role in bone homeostasis through the regulation of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3668. [PMID: 37339951 PMCID: PMC10281941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and reduced bone strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Here, to identify novel risk variants for susceptibility to osteoporosis-related traits, an exome-wide association study is performed with 6,485 exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2,666 women of two Korean study cohorts. The rs2781 SNP in UBAP2 gene is suggestively associated with osteoporosis and BMD with p-values of 6.1 × 10-7 (odds ratio = 1.72) and 1.1 × 10-7 in the case-control and quantitative analyzes, respectively. Knockdown of Ubap2 in mouse cells decreases osteoblastogenesis and increases osteoclastogenesis, and knockdown of ubap2 in zebrafish reveals abnormal bone formation. Ubap2 expression is associated with E-cadherin (Cdh1) and Fra1 (Fosl1) expression in the osteclastogenesis-induced monocytes. UBAP2 mRNA levels are significantly reduced in bone marrow, but increased in peripheral blood, from women with osteoporosis compared to controls. UBAP2 protein level is correlated with the blood plasma level of the representative osteoporosis biomarker osteocalcin. These results suggest that UBAP2 has a critical role in bone homeostasis through the regulation of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Division of Intractable Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkuk Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom-Taeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Yeon Won
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Verdonk SJE, Storoni S, Zhytnik L, Zhong W, Pals G, van Royen BJ, Elting MW, Maugeri A, Eekhoff EMW, Micha D. Medical Care Use Among Patients with Monogenic Osteoporosis Due to Rare Variants in LRP5, PLS3, or WNT1. Calcif Tissue Int 2023:10.1007/s00223-023-01101-3. [PMID: 37277619 PMCID: PMC10371905 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the LRP5, PLS3, or WNT1 genes can significantly affect bone mineral density, causing monogenic osteoporosis. Much remains to be discovered about the phenotype and medical care needs of these patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of medical care among Dutch individuals identified between 2014 and 2021 with a pathogenic or suspicious rare variant in LRP5, PLS3, or WNT1. In addition, the aim was to compare their medical care utilization to both the overall Dutch population and the Dutch Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) population. The Amsterdam UMC Genome Database was used to match 92 patients with the Statistics Netherlands (CBS) cohort. Patients were categorized based on their harbored variants: LRP5, PLS3, or WNT1. Hospital admissions, outpatient visits, medication data, and diagnosis treatment combinations (DTCs) were compared between the variant groups and, when possible, to the total population and OI population. Compared to the total population, patients with an LRP5, PLS3, or WNT1 variant had 1.63 times more hospital admissions, 2.0 times more opened DTCs, and a greater proportion using medication. Compared to OI patients, they had 0.62 times fewer admissions. Dutch patients with an LRP5, PLS3, or WNT1 variant appear to require on average more medical care than the total population. As expected, they made higher use of care at the surgical and orthopedic departments. Additionally, they used more care at the audiological centers and the otorhinolaryngology (ENT) department, suggesting a higher risk of hearing-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J E Verdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rare Bone Disease Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Storoni
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rare Bone Disease Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Zhytnik
- Rare Bone Disease Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - W Zhong
- Rare Bone Disease Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Pals
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J van Royen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam and Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W Elting
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Maugeri
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M W Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Rare Bone Disease Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - D Micha
- Rare Bone Disease Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Lovšin N. Copy Number Variation and Osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:167-172. [PMID: 36795294 PMCID: PMC10105686 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on copy number variations and susceptibility to osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoporosis is highly influenced by genetic factors, including copy number variations (CNVs). The development and accessibility of whole genome sequencing methods has accelerated the study of CNVs and osteoporosis. Recent findings include mutations in novel genes and validation of previously known pathogenic CNVs in monogenic skeletal diseases. Identification of CNVs in genes previously associated with osteoporosis (e.g. RUNX2, COL1A2, and PLS3) has confirmed their importance in bone remodelling. This process has been associated also with the ETV1-DGKB, AGBL2, ATM, and GPR68 genes, identified by comparative genomic hybridisation microarray studies. Importantly, studies in patients with bone pathologies have associated bone disease with the long non-coding RNA LINC01260 and enhancer sequences residing in the HDAC9 gene. Further functional investigation of genetic loci harbouring CNVs associated with skeletal phenotypes will reveal their role as molecular drivers of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Lovšin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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10
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Boroňová I, Mathia M, Mačeková S, Bernasovská J, Gaľová J. Evaluation of COLIA1 gene rs1107946 polymorphism in relation to bone mineral density and fracture risk in Slovak postmenopausal women. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:25-29. [PMID: 37086417 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was the evaluation of the rs1107946 polymorphism of the COLIA1 gene impact on bone mineral density and fracture risk in Slovak postmenopausal women. METHODS One hundred and twenty-seven postmenopausal Slovak women with a diagnosis of osteopenia/osteoporosis were genotyped for rs1107946 polymorphism of the COLIA1 gene. Clinical and anthropometric data were obtained. DNA isolation was performed using a standard protocol. Genetic analyses of the rs1107946 polymorphism of the COLIA1 gene were performed by the TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. RESULTS The study confirmed a statistically significant relationship using an association analysis between the rs1107946 polymorphism of the COLIA1 gene genotypes and body weight of the Slovak postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis (p = 0.03). The study revealed a significant association of the risk T allele of the rs1107946 polymorphism of the COLIA1 gene with osteoporotic fractures (p = 0.038). The odds ratio confirmed 2.060 times higher risk of osteoporotic fractures in Slovak postmenopausal women with the presence of risk T allele of the rs1107946 COLIA1 gene polymorphism (OR = 2.060; 95% CI: 1.024-4.144). CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed an association of T allele of the rs1107946 COLIA1 gene polymorphism with osteoporotic fractures in Slovak postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis and suggest that the rs1107946 polymorphism of the COLIA1 gene may be a molecular biomarker usable in the management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Boroňová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Mathia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Mačeková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Bernasovská
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Jana Gaľová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
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11
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Sabri SA, Chavarria JC, Ackert-Bicknell C, Swanson C, Burger E. Osteoporosis: An Update on Screening, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment. Orthopedics 2023; 46:e20-e26. [PMID: 35876780 PMCID: PMC10084730 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20220719-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis screening, diagnosis, and treatment have gained much attention in the health care community over the past 2 decades. During this time, creation of multispecialty awareness programs (eg, "Own the Bone," American Orthopedic Association; "Capture the Fracture," International Osteoporosis Foundation) and improvements in diagnostic protocols have been evident. Significant advances in technology have elucidated elements of genetic predisposition for decreased bone mineral density in the aging population. Additionally, several novel drug therapies have entered the market and provide more options for primary care and osteoporosis specialists to medically manage patients at risk for fragility fractures. Despite this, adherence to osteoporosis screening and treatment protocols has been surprisingly low by health care practitioners, including orthopedic surgeons. Continued awareness and education of this skeletal disorder is crucial to effectively care for our aging population. [Orthopedics. 2023;46(1):e20-e26.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaaz A. Sabri
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of
Orthopedic Surgery, Denver, CO
| | - Joseph C. Chavarria
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of
Orthopedic Surgery, Denver, CO
| | | | - Christine Swanson
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of
Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Denver, CO
| | - Evalina Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of
Orthopedic Surgery, Denver, CO
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12
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Elsayyad NME, Gomaa I, Salem MA, Amer R, El-Laithy HM. Efficient lung-targeted delivery of risedronate sodium/vitamin D3 conjugated PAMAM-G5 dendrimers for managing osteoporosis: Pharmacodynamics, molecular pathways and metabolomics considerations. Life Sci 2022; 309:121001. [PMID: 36174709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims at formulating combined delivery of Risedronate sodium (RIS) and Vitamin D3 (VITD3) for augmented therapeutic outcome against osteoporosis (OP) using deep lung targeted PAMAM-G5-NH2 dendrimers to minimize RIS gastrointestinal side effects and enhance both drugs bioavailability through absorption from the alveoli directly to the blood. METHODS RIS-PAMAM-G5-NH2, VITD3-PAMAM-G5-NH2, and RIS/VITD3-PAMAM-G5-NH2 were prepared and evaluated in vitro for particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), %loading efficiency (%LE), morphology and FTIR. The efficacy of the RIS/VITD3-PAMAM-G5-NH2 compared to oral RIS was evaluated in OP-induced rats by comparing serum calcium, phosphorus, and computed bone mineral density (BMD) pre- and post-treatment. Additionally, a comprehensive metabolomics and molecular pathways approach was applied to find serum potential biomarkers for diagnosis and to evaluate the efficacy of inhaled RIS/VITD3-PAMAM-G5-NH2. KEY FINDINGS RIS/VITD3-PAMAM-G5-NH2 was successfully prepared with a %LE of 92.4 ± 6.7 % (RIS) and 83.2 ± 4.4 % (VIT-D3) and a PS of 252.8 ± 34.1 adequate deep lung delivery. RIS/VITD3-PAMAM-G5-NH2 inhalation therapy was able to restore serum calcium, phosphorus, and BMD close to normal levels after 21 days of treatment in OP-induced rats. The WNT-signalling pathway and changes in the metabolite levels recovered to approximately normal levels upon treatment. Moreover, histone acetylation of the WNT-1 gene and miR-148a-3p interference proved to play a role in the regulation of the WNT-signalling pathway during OP progression and treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Pulmonary delivery of RIS/VITD3-PAMAM-G5-NH2 offers superior treatment for OP treatment compared to the oral route. Molecular and Metabolic pathways offer a key indicator of OP diagnosis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Mohamed Elmahdy Elsayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) University, 6th of October, Giza 12451, Egypt.
| | - Iman Gomaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Galala University (GU), New Galala City 43511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom, 32511 Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Reham Amer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) University, 6th of October, Giza 12451, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Youssef Abbas St. of Mostafa Elnahas, 6th District, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Laithy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) University, 6th of October, Giza 12451, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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13
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Abstract
Bone science has over the last decades unraveled many important pathways in bone and mineral metabolism and the interplay between genetic factors and the environment. Some of these discoveries have led to the development of pharmacological treatments of osteoporosis and rare bone diseases. Other scientific avenues have uncovered a role for the gut microbiome in regulating bone mass, which have led to investigations on the possible therapeutic role of probiotics in the prevention of osteoporosis. Huge advances have been made in identifying the genes that cause rare bone diseases, which in some cases have led to therapeutic interventions. Advances have also been made in understanding the genetic basis of the more common polygenic bone diseases, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Polygenic profiles are used for establishing genetic risk scores aiming at early diagnosis and intervention, but also in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to investigate both desired and undesired effects of targets for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente L Langdahl
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Laboratory for Population Genomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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14
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Caetano da Silva C, Edouard T, Fradin M, Aubert-Mucca M, Ricquebourg M, Raman R, Salles JP, Charon V, Guggenbuhl P, Muller M, Cohen-Solal M, Collet C. WNT11, a new gene associated with early onset osteoporosis, is required for osteoblastogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1622-1634. [PMID: 34875064 PMCID: PMC9122655 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic early onset osteoporosis (EOOP) is a rare disease defined by low bone mineral density (BMD) that results in increased risk of fracture in children and young adults. Although several causative genes have been identified, some of the EOOP causation remains unresolved. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in Wnt family member 11 (WNT11) (NM_004626.2:c.677_678dup p.Leu227Glyfs*22) in a 4-year-old boy with low BMD and fractures. We identified two heterozygous WNT11 missense variants (NM_004626.2:c.217G > A p.Ala73Thr) and (NM_004626.2:c.865G > A p.Val289Met) in a 51-year-old woman and in a 61-year-old woman, respectively, both with bone fragility. U2OS cells with heterozygous WNT11 mutation (NM_004626.2:c.690_721delfs*40) generated by CRISPR-Cas9 showed reduced cell proliferation (30%) and osteoblast differentiation (80%) as compared with wild-type U2OS cells. The expression of genes in the Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathways was inhibited in these mutant cells, but recombinant WNT11 treatment rescued the expression of Wnt pathway target genes. Furthermore, the expression of RSPO2, a WNT11 target involved in bone cell differentiation, and its receptor leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), was decreased in WNT11 mutant cells. Treatment with WNT5A and WNT11 recombinant proteins reversed LGR5 expression, but Wnt family member 3A (WNT3A) recombinant protein treatment had no effect on LGR5 expression in mutant cells. Moreover, treatment with recombinant RSPO2 but not WNT11 or WNT3A activated the canonical pathway in mutant cells. In conclusion, we have identified WNT11 as a new gene responsible for EOOP, with loss-of-function variant inhibiting bone formation via Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathways. WNT11 may activate Wnt signaling by inducing the RSPO2-LGR5 complex via the non-canonical Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Caetano da Silva
- INSERM U1132 and Université de Paris, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, Hospital Lariboisière, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Endocrine Bone Diseases and Genetics Unit, Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, ERN BOND, OSCAR Network, Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Children’s Hospital, RESTORE INSERM U1301, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Melanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest, Hôpital Sud de Rennes, Rennes F-35033, France
| | - Marion Aubert-Mucca
- Endocrine Bone Diseases and Genetics Unit, Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, ERN BOND, OSCAR Network, Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Children’s Hospital, RESTORE INSERM U1301, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Manon Ricquebourg
- INSERM U1132 and Université de Paris, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, Hospital Lariboisière, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Ratish Raman
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA-Research, Liège University, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Jean Pierre Salles
- Endocrine Bone Diseases and Genetics Unit, Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, ERN BOND, OSCAR Network, Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Children’s Hospital, RESTORE INSERM U1301, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Valérie Charon
- Department of Radiology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | | | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA-Research, Liège University, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM U1132 and Université de Paris, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, Hospital Lariboisière, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- INSERM U1132 and Université de Paris, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, Hospital Lariboisière, Paris F-75010, France
- Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris F-75019, France
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15
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Whole Genome Sequencing Unravels New Genetic Determinants of Early-Onset Familial Osteoporosis and Low BMD in Malta. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020204. [PMID: 35205249 PMCID: PMC8871631 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease with a strong genetic background. The study aimed to identify the genetic determinants of early-onset familial osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) in a two-generation Maltese family. Methods: Fifteen relatives aged between 28–74 years were recruited. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on 12 relatives and shortlisted variants were genotyped in the Malta Osteoporotic Fracture Study (MOFS) for replication. Results: Sequential variant filtering following a dominant inheritance pattern identified rare missense variants within SELP, TGF-β2 and ADAMTS20, all of which were predicted to be likely pathogenic and participate in osteoimmunology. TGF-β2 c.1136C>T was identified in five individuals from the MOFS in heterozygosity, four of whom had osteopenia/osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and hip, and/or had sustained a low-trauma fracture. Heterozygosity for the ADAMTS20 c.4090A>T was accompanied by lower total hip BMD (p = 0.018) and lower total serum calcium levels in MOFS (p < 0.01), recapitulating the findings from the family. Women carrying at least one copy of the alternative allele (TC/CC) for SELP c.2177T>C exhibited a tendency for lower lumbar spine BMD and/or wrist fracture history relative to women with TT genotype. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the identified variants, alone or in combination, could be causal factors of familial osteoporosis and low BMD, requiring replication in larger collections.
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16
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Garcia-Giralt N, Roca-Ayats N, Abril JF, Martinez-Gil N, Ovejero D, Castañeda S, Nogues X, Grinberg D, Balcells S, Rabionet R. Gene Network of Susceptibility to Atypical Femoral Fractures Related to Bisphosphonate Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010146. [PMID: 35052486 PMCID: PMC8774942 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical femoral fractures (AFF) are rare fragility fractures in the subtrocantheric or diaphysis femoral region associated with long-term bisphosphonate (BP) treatment. The etiology of AFF is still unclear even though a genetic basis is suggested. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 12 patients receiving BPs for at least 5 years who sustained AFFs and 4 controls, also long-term treated with BPs but without any fracture. After filtration and prioritization of rare variants predicted to be damaging and present in genes shared among at least two patients, a total of 272 variants in 132 genes were identified. Twelve of these genes were known to be involved in bone metabolism and/or AFF, highlighting DAAM2 and LRP5, both involved in the Wnt pathway, as the most representative. Afterwards, we intersected all mutated genes with a list of 34 genes obtained from a previous study of three sisters with BP-related AFF, identifying nine genes. One of these (MEX3D) harbored damaging variants in two AFF patients from the present study and one shared among the three sisters. Gene interaction analysis using the AFFNET web suggested a complex network among bone-related genes as well as with other mutated genes. BinGO biological function analysis highlighted cytoskeleton and cilium organization. In conclusion, several genes and their interactions could provide genetic susceptibility to AFF, that along with BPs treatment and in some cases with glucocorticoids may trigger this so feared complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (D.O.); (X.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Neus Roca-Ayats
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-A.); (J.F.A.); (N.M.-G.); (D.G.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Josep F Abril
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-A.); (J.F.A.); (N.M.-G.); (D.G.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Nuria Martinez-Gil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-A.); (J.F.A.); (N.M.-G.); (D.G.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Diana Ovejero
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (D.O.); (X.N.)
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Cátedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xavier Nogues
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (D.O.); (X.N.)
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-A.); (J.F.A.); (N.M.-G.); (D.G.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-A.); (J.F.A.); (N.M.-G.); (D.G.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-A.); (J.F.A.); (N.M.-G.); (D.G.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
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17
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Bravo Vázquez LA, Moreno Becerril MY, Mora Hernández EO, de León Carmona GG, Aguirre Padilla ME, Chakraborty S, Bandyopadhyay A, Paul S. The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Bone Diseases and Their Therapeutic Potential. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010211. [PMID: 35011442 PMCID: PMC8746945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (20-24 nucleotides), highly conserved, non-coding RNA molecules whose main function is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through sequence-specific manners, such as mRNA degradation or translational repression. Since these key regulatory molecules are implicated in several biological processes, their altered expression affects the preservation of cellular homeostasis and leads to the development of a wide range of pathologies. Over the last few years, relevant investigations have elucidated that miRNAs participate in different stages of bone growth and development. Moreover, the abnormal expression of these RNA molecules in bone cells and tissues has been significantly associated with the progression of numerous bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteonecrosis and bone metastasis, among others. In fact, miRNAs regulate multiple pathological mechanisms, including altering either osteogenic or osteoblast differentiation, metastasis, osteosarcoma cell proliferation, and bone loss. Therefore, in this present review, aiming to impulse the research arena of the biological implications of miRNA transcriptome in bone diseases and to explore their potentiality as a theragnostic target, we summarize the recent findings associated with the clinical significance of miRNAs in these ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - Mariana Yunuen Moreno Becerril
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - Erick Octavio Mora Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Mexico City, Calle del Puente, No. 222 Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela García de León Carmona
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - María Emilia Aguirre Padilla
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila 4031, Philippines;
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Rauner M, Foessl I, Formosa MM, Kague E, Prijatelj V, Lopez NA, Banerjee B, Bergen D, Busse B, Calado Â, Douni E, Gabet Y, Giralt NG, Grinberg D, Lovsin NM, Solan XN, Ostanek B, Pavlos NJ, Rivadeneira F, Soldatovic I, van de Peppel J, van der Eerden B, van Hul W, Balcells S, Marc J, Reppe S, Søe K, Karasik D. Perspective of the GEMSTONE Consortium on Current and Future Approaches to Functional Validation for Skeletal Genetic Disease Using Cellular, Molecular and Animal-Modeling Techniques. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:731217. [PMID: 34938269 PMCID: PMC8686830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.731217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of large human datasets for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of sequencing technologies have boosted the identification of genetic variants in complex and rare diseases in the skeletal field. Yet, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary. Multiple unknowns exist for putative causal genes, including cellular localization of the molecular function. Intermediate traits ("endophenotypes"), e.g. molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTLs), are needed to identify mechanisms of underlying associations. Furthermore, index variants often reside in non-coding regions of the genome, therefore challenging for interpretation. Knowledge of non-coding variance (e.g. ncRNAs), repetitive sequences, and regulatory interactions between enhancers and their target genes is central for understanding causal genes in skeletal conditions. Animal models with deep skeletal phenotyping and cell culture models have already facilitated fine mapping of some association signals, elucidated gene mechanisms, and revealed disease-relevant biology. However, to accelerate research towards bridging the current gap between association and causality in skeletal diseases, alternative in vivo platforms need to be used and developed in parallel with the current -omics and traditional in vivo resources. Therefore, we argue that as a field we need to establish resource-sharing standards to collectively address complex research questions. These standards will promote data integration from various -omics technologies and functional dissection of human complex traits. In this mission statement, we review the current available resources and as a group propose a consensus to facilitate resource sharing using existing and future resources. Such coordination efforts will maximize the acquisition of knowledge from different approaches and thus reduce redundancy and duplication of resources. These measures will help to understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases towards defining new and more efficient therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerea Alonso Lopez
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, CGEM, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Dylan Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleni Douni
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalia García Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nika M. Lovsin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Nogues Solan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nathan J. Pavlos
- Bone Biology & Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Marcus Research Institute, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Formosa MM, Bergen DJM, Gregson CL, Maurizi A, Kämpe A, Garcia-Giralt N, Zhou W, Grinberg D, Ovejero Crespo D, Zillikens MC, Williams GR, Bassett JHD, Brandi ML, Sangiorgi L, Balcells S, Högler W, Van Hul W, Mäkitie O. A Roadmap to Gene Discoveries and Novel Therapies in Monogenic Low and High Bone Mass Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:709711. [PMID: 34539568 PMCID: PMC8444146 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.709711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders of the skeleton encompass a diverse group of bone diseases differing in clinical characteristics, severity, incidence and molecular etiology. Of particular interest are the monogenic rare bone mass disorders, with the underlying genetic defect contributing to either low or high bone mass phenotype. Extensive, deep phenotyping coupled with high-throughput, cost-effective genotyping is crucial in the characterization and diagnosis of affected individuals. Massive parallel sequencing efforts have been instrumental in the discovery of novel causal genes that merit functional validation using in vitro and ex vivo cell-based techniques, and in vivo models, mainly mice and zebrafish. These translational models also serve as an excellent platform for therapeutic discovery, bridging the gap between basic science research and the clinic. Altogether, genetic studies of monogenic rare bone mass disorders have broadened our knowledge on molecular signaling pathways coordinating bone development and metabolism, disease inheritance patterns, development of new and improved bone biomarkers, and identification of novel drug targets. In this comprehensive review we describe approaches to further enhance the innovative processes taking discoveries from clinic to bench, and then back to clinic in rare bone mass disorders. We highlight the importance of cross laboratory collaboration to perform functional validation in multiple model systems after identification of a novel disease gene. We describe the monogenic forms of rare low and high rare bone mass disorders known to date, provide a roadmap to unravel the genetic determinants of monogenic rare bone mass disorders using proper phenotyping and genotyping methods, and describe different genetic validation approaches paving the way for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnological, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Garcia-Giralt
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Ovejero Crespo
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (M.L.B.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Association of TGF-β1 and IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms with Osteoporosis in a Study of Taiwanese Osteoporotic Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060930. [PMID: 34207210 PMCID: PMC8233820 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a rising health threat in the increasingly aging world population. It is a common skeletal disease strongly linked to genetic predisposition. We aim to identify the effects of the anti-inflammatory TGF-β1- and IL-10-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) combination on the risk for osteoporosis. We investigated and analyzed the relationships between three TGF-β1 SNPs (-509C/T, +869 T/C and +29T/C), one IL-10 SNP (+1927A/C) and the level of bone mineral density (BMD), as well as the risk of osteoporosis in Taiwanese osteoporotic patients. A total of 217 subjects were recruited, including 88 osteoporotic patients and 129 healthy controls, for SNPs, BMD and clinical characteristics statistical analyses. Females with TGF-β1 SNP (-509 C/C) and IL-10 SNP (+1927 C/C) genotypes showed a great benefit for femoral neck T-scores. However, the combination of TGF-β1 SNP (-509 T/T) and IL-10 SNP (+1927 A/A) genotypes in all subjects showed a significant decrease in total hip BMD T-scores. The TGF-β1 SNP (-509 C/T) genotype in all subjects and TGF-β1 SNP (-509 T/T) and IL-10 SNP (+1927 A/C) genotypes in males showed positive effects on body height. The combination of the many SNPs in the anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 and IL-10 genes may be cooperatively involved in the development of osteoporosis. Our data suggested that the specific SNP combination of TGF-β1 (-509) and IL-10 (+1927) may act as a predictive factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Taiwanese women.
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21
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Strong Genetic Effects on Bone Mineral Density in Multiple Locations with Two Different Techniques: Results from a Cross-Sectional Twin Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57030248. [PMID: 33800136 PMCID: PMC7998330 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that risk of hip fracture is at least partly heritable. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of the genetic component of bone mineral density (BMD), using both X-ray and ultrasound assessment at multiple sites. Materials and Methods: 216 adult, healthy Hungarian twins (124 monozygotic, MZ, 92 dizygotic, DZ; mean age 54.2 ± 14.3 years), recruited from the Hungarian Twin Registry with no history of oncologic disease underwent cross-sectional BMD studies. We measured BMD, T- and Z-scores with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at multiple sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and radius). Quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) was also performed, resulting in a calculated value of estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in the heel bone. Heritability was calculated using the univariate ACE model. Results: Bone density had a strong genetic component at all sites with estimates of heritability ranging from 0.613 to 0.838 in the total sample. Lumbar BMD and calcaneus eBMD had major genetic components with estimates of 0.828 and 0.838 respectively, and least heritable (0.653) at the total hip. BMD of the radius had also a strong genetic component with an estimate of 0.806. No common environmental effect was found. The remaining variance was influenced by unique environment (0.162 to 0.387). In females only, slightly higher additive genetic estimates were found, especially in the case of the femoral neck and total hip. Conclusion: Bone mineral density is strongly heritable, especially in females at all locations using both DEXA and QUS, which may explain the importance of family history as a risk factor for bone fractures. Unshared environmental effects account for the rest of the variance with slight differences in magnitude across various bone regions, supporting the role of lifestyle in preventing osteoporotic fractures with various efficacy in different bone regions.
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22
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Hidalgo-Bravo A, Hernández-Medrano C, Sevilla-Montoya R, Rivera-Paredez B, Ramirez-Salazar EG, Flores-Morales J, Patiño N, Salmeron J, Valdés-Flores M, Velázquez-Cruz R. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10036727 in the SLIT3 gene is associated with osteoporosis at the femoral neck in older Mexican postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:1096-1100. [PMID: 32762475 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1804548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Osteoporosis (OP) remains a major public health problem worldwide. The most serious complications of this disease are fragility fractures, which increase morbidity and mortality. Management of OP represents an economic burden for health systems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new screening strategies to identify the population at risk and implement preventive measures. We previously identified the SNPs rs3801387 in WNT16, rs7108738 in SOX6, rs10036727 in SLIT3 and rs7584262 in PKDCC as associated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through a genome-wide association study. The aim of this study was to validate those SNPs in two independent cohorts of non-related postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 1160 women classifying them as normal, osteopenic or osteoporotic and a group with hip fragility fracture. Genotyping was performed using predesigned TaqMan assays. RESULTS The variants rs10036727 and rs7108738 showed a significant association with BMD at the femoral neck. SLIT3 has been previously proposed as a potential biomarker and therapeutic resource. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new evidence regarding a possible involvement of SLIT3 in bone metabolisms and encourage the development of more studies in different populations to support these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosalba Sevilla-Montoya
- Department of Genetics and Human Genomics, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jeny Flores-Morales
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nelly Patiño
- Subdirection of Development of Clinical Applications, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmeron
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Sun NY, Liu XL, Gao J, Wu XH, Dou B. Astragaloside‑IV modulates NGF‑induced osteoblast differentiation via the GSK3β/β‑catenin signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:19. [PMID: 33179111 PMCID: PMC7673321 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside (AST) is derived from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus, and studies have demonstrated that it promotes differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To the best of our knowledge, however, the functions of the component AST-IV in osteogenesis have not previously been elucidated. The present study aimed to verify the effects of AST-IV in osteogenesis. First, the proliferation and differentiation status of human BMSCs incubated with AST-IV were analysed and compared with a control (no AST-IV treatment). In order to determine the involvement of the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β signalling pathway in AST-IV, overexpression and inhibition of GSK3β was induced during incubation of BMSCs with AST-IV. In order to investigate how neuronal growth factor (NGF) contributes to BMSCs differentiation, BMSCs were co-incubated with an anti-NGF antibody and AST IV, and then levels of osteogenesis markers were assessed. The results demonstrated for the first time that AST-IV contributed to BMSCs differentiation. Furthermore, the GSK3β/β-catenin signalling pathway was revealed to be involved in AST-IV-induced osteogenesis; moreover, AST-IV accelerated differentiation by enhancing the expression levels of NGF. In summary, the present study demonstrated that AST-IV promotes BMSCs differentiation, thus providing a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Ben Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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24
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Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F. Genomic Medicine: Lessons Learned From Monogenic and Complex Bone Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556610. [PMID: 33162933 PMCID: PMC7581702 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.556610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current genetic studies of monogenic and complex bone diseases have broadened our understanding of disease pathophysiology, highlighting the need for medical interventions and treatments tailored to the characteristics of patients. As genomic research progresses, novel insights into the molecular mechanisms are starting to provide support to clinical decision-making; now offering ample opportunities for disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Drug targets holding mechanisms with genetic support are more likely to be successful. Therefore, implementing genetic information to the drug development process and a molecular redefinition of skeletal disease can help overcoming current shortcomings in pharmaceutical research, including failed attempts and appalling costs. This review summarizes the achievements of genetic studies in the bone field and their application to clinical care, illustrating the imminent advent of the genomic medicine era.
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25
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Panach L, Pertusa C, Martínez-Rojas B, Acebrón Á, Mifsut D, Tarín JJ, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies CARM1 and DNMT3A as genes associated with osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16298. [PMID: 33004909 PMCID: PMC7530982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new candidate genes in osteoporosis, mainly involved in epigenetic mechanisms, we compared whole gene-expression in osteoblasts (OBs) obtained from women undergoing hip replacement surgery due to fragility fracture and severe osteoarthritis. Then, we analyzed the association of several SNPs with BMD in 1028 women. Microarray analysis yielded 2542 differentially expressed transcripts belonging to 1798 annotated genes, of which 45.6% (819) were overexpressed, and 54.4% (979) underexpressed (fold-change between - 7.45 and 4.0). Among the most represented pathways indicated by transcriptome analysis were chondrocyte development, positive regulation of bone mineralization, BMP signaling pathway, skeletal system development and Wnt signaling pathway. In the translational stage we genotyped 4 SNPs in DOT1L, HEY2, CARM1 and DNMT3A genes. Raw data analyzed against inheritance patterns showed a statistically significant association between a SNP of DNMT3A and femoral neck-(FN) sBMD and primarily a SNP of CARM1 was correlated with both FN and lumbar spine-(LS) sBMD. Most of these associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for confounders. In analysis with anthropometric and clinical variables, the SNP of CARM1 unexpectedly revealed a close association with BMI (p = 0.000082), insulin (p = 0.000085), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.000078). In conclusion, SNPs of the DNMT3A and CARM1 genes are associated with BMD, in the latter case probably owing to a strong correlation with obesity and fasting insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panach
- Research Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Pertusa
- Research Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Acebrón
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinic Hospital, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Damián Mifsut
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinic Hospital, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Pérez
- Research Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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26
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Winter EM, Ireland A, Butterfield NC, Haffner-Luntzer M, Horcajada MN, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Oei L, Colaianni G, Bonnet N. Pregnancy and lactation, a challenge for the skeleton. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:R143-R157. [PMID: 32438342 PMCID: PMC7354730 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss skeletal adaptations to the demanding situation of pregnancy and lactation. Calcium demands are increased during pregnancy and lactation, and this is effectuated by a complex series of hormonal changes. The changes in bone structure at the tissue and whole bone level observed during pregnancy and lactation appear to largely recover over time. The magnitude of the changes observed during lactation may relate to the volume and duration of breastfeeding and return to regular menses. Studies examining long-term consequences of pregnancy and lactation suggest that there are small, site-specific benefits to bone density and that bone geometry may also be affected. Pregnancy- and lactation-induced osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare disease for which the pathophysiological mechanism is as yet incompletely known; here, we discuss and speculate on the possible roles of genetics, oxytocin, sympathetic tone and bone marrow fat. Finally, we discuss fracture healing during pregnancy and lactation and the effects of estrogen on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Winter
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Correspondence should be addressed to E M Winter:
| | - A Ireland
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, DuCane Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M-N Horcajada
- Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - A G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - N Bonnet
- Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Xu W, Yu R, Zhu X, Li Z, Jia J, Li D, Chen Y, Zhang X. Iron-Chelating Agent Can Maintain Bone Homeostasis Disrupted by Iron Overload by Upregulating Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8256261. [PMID: 32596380 PMCID: PMC7273370 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8256261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of osteoporotic fractures is increasing. In this study, we explored the activities of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone tissues with iron accumulation. METHODS We established rat bipedal walking models (RBWM), and a portion of our RBWM rats were intraperitoneally injected with ferric ammonium citrate, normal saline, and deferoxamine. Bone mineral density was measured with a small animal in vivo imaging system. The protein levels of ferritin, TRAP-5B, RANKL, and OPG in serum were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to quantify the RNA and protein expression levels of certain regulators involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone tissues. RESULTS In the present study, we established a rat bipedal walking model containing 32 bipedal rats, which were randomly classified into four groups, termed as NS, FAC, FAC+NS, and FAC+DFO. Those three experimental groups with FAC injection had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) than the control group NS (P < 0.05). The disruption of bone homeostasis and downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling were also observed in the three groups with FAC injection. Moreover, after the injection of deferoxamine, those aberrations in samples with FAC injection seemed repaired as test results returning or getting close to normal ranges. CONCLUSION The osteoporosis could be caused by iron overload, which reduced the bone mineral density by disrupting the homeostasis of bone formation and absorption and attenuating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone tissues. The deferoxamine had the potential to improve the bone health by reducing the accumulation of iron and increasing the bone mass, which might be a promising therapeutic solution for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Ronghua Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jianjun Jia
- No.7 College Team, PLA Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Dachuan Li
- No.7 College Team, PLA Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, TongRen Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
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Wu Q, Xiao X, Xu Y. Evaluating the Performance of the WHO International Reference Standard for Osteoporosis Diagnosis in Postmenopausal Women of Varied Polygenic Score and Race. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E499. [PMID: 32059423 PMCID: PMC7074342 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the bone mineral density (BMD) T-score performs differently in osteoporosis classification in women of different genetic profiling and race background remains unclear. METHODS The genomic data in the Women's Health Initiative study was analyzed (n = 2417). The polygenic score (PGS) was calculated from 63 BMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each participant. The World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of osteoporosis (BMD T-score ≤-2.5) was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of fracture. RESULTS T-score classification significantly underestimated the risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in the WHI study. An enormous underestimation was observed in African American women (POR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.83) and in women with low PGS (predicted/observed ratio [POR]: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.64). Compared to Caucasian women, African American, African Indian, and Hispanic women respectively had a 59%, 41%, and 55% lower hazard of MOF after the T-score was adjusted for. The results were similar when used for any fractures. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested the BMD T-score performance varies significantly by race in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (X.X.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Xiangxue Xiao
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (X.X.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Yingke Xu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (X.X.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Wu Q, Xiao X, Xu Y. Performance of FRAX in Predicting Fractures in US Postmenopausal Women with Varied Race and Genetic Profiles. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E285. [PMID: 31968614 PMCID: PMC7019759 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) performed differently in estimating the 10-year fracture probability in women of different genetic profiling and race remained unclear. METHODS The genomic data in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study was analyzed (n = 23,981). The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 14 fracture-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each participant. FRAX without bone mineral density (BMD) was used to estimate fracture probability. RESULTS FRAX significantly overestimated the risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in the WHI study. The most significant overestimation was observed in women with low GRS (predicted/observed ratio (POR): 1.61, 95% CI: 1.45-1.79) specifically Asian women (POR: 3.5, 95% CI 2.48-4.81) and in African American women (POR: 2.59, 95% CI: 2.33-2.87). Compared to the low GRS group, the 10-year probability of MOF adjusted for the FRAX score was 21% and 30% higher in the median GRS group and high GRS group, respectively. Asian, African American, and Hispanic women respectively had a 78%, 76%, and 56% lower hazard than Caucasian women after the FRAX score was adjusted. The results were similar for hip fractures. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested the FRAX performance varies significantly by both genetic profile and race in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (X.X.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Xiangxue Xiao
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (X.X.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Yingke Xu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (X.X.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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