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Kim SH, Kim SE, Kim S, Ahn MB, Cho WK, Cho KS, Jung MH. The association of serum irisin with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1326851. [PMID: 38333723 PMCID: PMC10850566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1326851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is an adipomyokine secreted by muscle and adipose cells, and it plays a role in glucose, fat, and bone metabolism. This study aimed to determine the correlation of serum irisin levels with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents. Methods This single-center study included 103 Korean children and adolescents: 54 (52.4%) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 49 (47.6%) healthy controls with BMI within the 15th to 85th percentile. Various parameters were measured, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and 25(OH)-Vitamin D levels. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 33 healthy subjects. Results Serum irisin was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (mean 18.1 ± 3.5 vs. 16.2 ± 2.0 ng/mL; p = 0.001). Serum irisin level was positively correlated with chronological age (r = 0.28; p = 0.004), height SDS (r = 0.24; p = 0.02), BMI SDS (r = 0.37; p < 0. 001), fasting glucose (r = 0.27; p = 0.007), fasting insulin (r = 0.23; p = 0.03), HOMA-IR (r = 0.21; p = 0.04), osteocalcin (r = 0.27; p = 0.006) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.29; p = 0.005). All these correlations were evident in obese subjects but not in healthy subjects. ALP and 25(OH)-Vitamin D were unrelated to irisin levels. Among 33 healthy subjects, total body-less head (TBLH) BMD Z-score was positively correlated with serum irisin (r = 0.39; p = 0.03), osteocalcin (r = 0.40; p = 0.02), fasting insulin (r = 0.39; p = 0.04), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.38; p = 0.047). Conclusion This study demonstrated an association between irisin levels and glucose, lipid, and bone parameters in children and adolescents. Our findings suggest that irisin has a potential role in metabolic disorders and bone health in obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Bae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Colpitts BH, Rioux BV, Eadie AL, Brunt KR, Sénéchal M. Irisin response to acute moderate intensity exercise and high intensity interval training in youth of different obesity statuses: A randomized crossover trial. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15198. [PMID: 35224871 PMCID: PMC8883234 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited data exist regarding the impact of an acute bout of exercise with varying intensities on irisin levels in the youth of different obesity statuses. The objectives were to (1) compare an acute bout of moderate continuous intensity (MCI) exercise and an acute bout of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on irisin response in youth with different obesity statuses and, (2) investigate whether changes in irisin levels are correlated with exploratory outcomes. A randomized crossover design study was conducted on 25 youth aged 12–18 years old. Participants were classified as either healthy weight (BMI percentile <85; n = 14) or overweight/obese (BMI percentile ≥85; n = 11). Participants performed an MCI exercise session at 50% of heart rate reserve for 35 min and a HIIT exercise session for 35 min, with intervals every 5 min increasing from 50% heart rate reserve to 85–90% for 2 min. Irisin was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay from plasma sampling obtained throughout the exercise (at times 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 min). A time effect was observed throughout the HIIT session [F(1,5) = 6.478, p < 0.001]. Bonferonni post‐hoc analysis revealed significant differences in irisin levels post‐exercise (35 min) compared to times 7, 14, 21, and 28 min. Irisin increased during HIIT (81.0% ± 71.3; p = 0.012) in youth with a healthy weight. No differences were observed for youth living as overweight or with obesity. Overall, HIIT elicits a higher peak irisin response compared to MCI exercise training in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Colpitts
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Brittany V. Rioux
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Ashley L. Eadie
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada https://impart.team/
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada https://impart.team/
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada https://impart.team/
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Tang N, Chen Y, Wu W, Pan W, Wang D, Zhang J, Tan K, Jing J, Cai L. Association between plasma irisin in pregnancy and postpartum glucose levels among Chinese women: A cohort study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1723-1731. [PMID: 33522146 PMCID: PMC8409878 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The association between plasma irisin and glucose levels in the general population is controversial, and few studies have longitudinally detected this correlation. We aimed to examine whether irisin in pregnancy was associated with postpartum glucose levels among Chinese women and explore the modifiable factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a prospective cohort study in Guangzhou, China, during 2017 and 2018, and 453 pregnant women (20-28 weeks) were enrolled. Plasma irisin levels in pregnancy were tested. At 6-8 weeks after delivery, 93 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and the other 360 women had a fasting blood glucose (FBG) test. Multivariable linear, quantile and logistic regressions were carried out. RESULTS The mean plasma irisin in mid-pregnancy was 13.73 ng/mL. We observed a significantly negative association between mid-pregnancy irisin and postpartum FBG (β: -0.056 ± 0.024). However, quantile regression showed the association was only significant in high percentiles of FBG levels (P50 to P95 ), and the magnitude showed an increasing trend. Higher baseline irisin was also associated with a lower risk of postpartum impaired fasting glucose (relative risk 0.563, 95% confidence interval 0.384-0.825). Furthermore, we found significant interactions between irisin and predominant breast-feeding on FBG and impaired fasting glucose (both Pinteraction < 0.05). In women with GDM, baseline irisin was non-significantly associated with postpartum postprandial 2-h glucose levels (β: -0.305 ± 0.160, P = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS Plasma irisin levels in mid-pregnancy were negatively associated with FBG levels and impaired fasting glucose at 6-8 weeks postpartum among Chinese women, and stronger associations were observed in women with higher FBG values. Furthermore, breast-feeding might modify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Tang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weijia Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Scientific ResearchHainan Women and Children's Medical CenterHaikouChina
| | - Wenting Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaiyun Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and HealthDepartment of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Li H, Wang F, Yang M, Sun J, Zhao Y, Tang D. The Effect of Irisin as a Metabolic Regulator and Its Therapeutic Potential for Obesity. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6572342. [PMID: 33790964 PMCID: PMC7997758 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6572342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to the imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Irisin, a newly identified exercise-responsive myokine, which is produced by the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and obesity-related complications. Various studies in mice have shown that irisin could respond to systematic exercise training and promote white-to-brown fat transdifferentiation, but the role and function of irisin in humans are controversial. In this review, we systematically introduced and analyzed the factors that may contribute to these inconsistent results. Furthermore, we also described the potential anti-inflammatory properties of irisin under a variety of inflammatory conditions. Finally, the review discussed the existing unresolved issues and controversies about irisin, including the transcription of the irisin precursor FNDC5 gene in humans, the cleavage site of the yet unknown proteolytic enzyme that cleaves irisin from FNDC5, and the reliability of irisin levels measured with available detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
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Associations of Circulating Irisin with FNDC5 Expression in Fat and Muscle in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020322. [PMID: 33672565 PMCID: PMC7924053 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine, suggested to exert beneficial effects on metabolism. However, the studies on the regulation of irisin secretion and the expression of its precursor FNDC5 have shown conflicting data. The discrepancies among previous correlation studies in humans are related to the heterogeneity of the study population. The fact that irisin is not only a myokine but also an adipokine leads to the further complexity of the role of irisin in metabolic regulation. In this study, we examined the regulation of FNDC5 expression and irisin in circulation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice, and their potential relationships with metabolic parameters. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and db/db mice, the circulating irisin as well as FNDC5 gene expression in subcutaneous fat was downregulated. Muscle FNDC5 expression was only significantly lower in STZ mice, and epididymal fat FNDC5 expression was unaltered. It is interesting to note that plasma irisin levels correlated positively with subcutaneous fat FNDC5 expression, but not epididymal fat or muscle. Moreover, both irisin levels and subcutaneous fat FNDC5 correlated negatively with markers of insulin resistance. These results suggest a regulatory role for subcutaneous fat-derived FNDC5/irisin in metabolic disease.
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Abstract
The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China has become the
world's leading health headline and is causing major panic and public concerns. After emerging in the
City of Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has spread to several countries becoming a worldwide pandemia.
Among the studies on COVID-19, it has been demonstrated that novel coronavirus pneumonia is closely
associated with inflammatory storms. Controlling the inflammatory response may be as important as
targeting the virus. Irisin is a muscle-contraction-induced immunomodulatory myokine related to physical
activity. Irisin drives the “browning” of white adipocytes, so enhancing metabolic uncoupling and
hence caloric expenditure. Irisin has been clearly shown to be a handyman molecule by exerting beneficial
effects on adipose tissues, pancreas, and bone through “cross-talk” between skeletal muscleadipocyte,
skeletal muscle-pancreas, and skeletal muscle-bone, respectively. Irisin has been proposed as
a promising strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of various types of cancers, neurological diseases
and inflammatory conditions. Irisin has been demonstrated to suppress the immune response, too. The
importance of irisin is demonstrated by the increase in the number of scientific papers and patents in
recent years. The identification of irisin receptor should greatly facilitate the understanding of irisin’s
function in exercise and human health. This review examines the structure and recent advances in activities
of irisin, suggesting it for further studies on the prevention and cure of COVID-19. Nowadays, studies
on irisin plasma levels and physical activity may be useful tools to further investigate the prevention
of COVID-19. Irisin may be suggested as a potential novel intervention for COVID-19 by mitigating
inflammatory storms, suppressing the immune response and simultaneously alleviating neurological disorders
such as depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Albrecht E, Schering L, Buck F, Vlach K, Schober HC, Drevon CA, Maak S. Irisin: Still chasing shadows. Mol Metab 2020; 34:124-135. [PMID: 32180552 PMCID: PMC7033458 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Considerable uncertainty remains regarding the veracity of measuring myokine irisin more than seven years after its original description. Unresolved issues include the nature of transcription of the irisin precursor fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) gene across species, the reliability of irisin levels measured with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and the overall validity of the recently published reference values for human serum measured with quantitative mass spectrometry. We utilized multiple species and measures to evaluate the robustness of commonly used reagents and methods for reporting irisin. Methods Amplification of cDNA was used to assess the FNDC5 transcript patterns in humans and mice. The specificity and sensitivity of different irisin antibodies were examined via western blotting. Quantification of circulating native irisin was conducted with mass spectrometry using an absolute quantification peptide for irisin. Results We show that there is a greater transcript diversity of human FNDC5 than currently annotated, but no indication of the expression of transcripts leading to a truncated form of irisin. Available irisin antibodies still bind to patterns of unspecific serum proteins, which compromise reliable measurements of irisin with ELISAs. Absolute quantification of irisin with labeled peptides by mass spectrometry is an advanced method but requires a multi-step sample preparation introducing uncontrollable variations in the measurement. Conclusion Our data represent an explicit warning against measuring circulating irisin using available methods. Measuring irisin is akin to chasing shadows. Transcription pattern of the host FNDC5 gene is not conserved from mouse to human. Irisin antibodies detect neither circulating irisin nor FNDC5 in humans and mice. Sample preparation impairs exact quantification of irisin by mass spectrometry. Results on irisin levels in humans and mice are still unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Schering
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Vlach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Municipal Hospital Suedstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Christof Schober
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Municipal Hospital Suedstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
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