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Pilutin A, Rzeszotek S, Wilk A, Klimaszewska K, Łukasiewicz J, Mafuta RL, Nagendran T, Ndambara R, Wiszniewska B. Effects of Letrozole Treatment and Vitamin C Supplementation on Morphology, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Programmed Cell Death, and Oxidative Stress in the Small Intestine of Adult Male Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1943-1954. [PMID: 38534743 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are hormones that play an important role in the digestive tract, including in men. Letrozole is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogens. The use of letrozole may cause oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cells. Factors modulating cellular stress may include vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to examine whether letrozole and/or vitamin C supplementation can affect the morphology of the small intestine, the parameters of endoplasmic reticulum stress, programmed cell death markers, and oxidative damage. Three-month-old male rats were divided into four groups and treated with the following: (I) CTRL-water; (II) CTRL+C-L-ascorbic acid; (III) LET-letrozole; and (IV) LET+C-letrozole + L-ascorbic acid. The morphometrical measurements included epithelial thickness, crypt and lumen area, crypt perimeter, nuclei number in the crypt, and the cell size of crypts. The expression levels of PERK, caspase-3, and catalase were determined. Significant differences in the morphometrical measurements and immunoexpression were observed. This may indicate that chronic treatment with letrozole can affect morphology and induce ER stress, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death in the epithelial cells of the small intestine of adult male rats. Vitamin C supplementation exerts an effect on some parameters of the molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klimaszewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Julia Łukasiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rufaro Lynnette Mafuta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thanushan Nagendran
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rupia Ndambara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Chen B, Sun D, Sun Z, Liang J, Liang J, Xiong X, Yan H. The dual effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in digestive system tumors and intervention of Chinese botanical drug extracts: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339146. [PMID: 38449811 PMCID: PMC10917068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is essential for maintaining human health, and once imbalanced, it will trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which participates in the development of digestive system tumors and other diseases. ERS has dual effect on tumor cells, activating adaptive responses to promote survival or inducing apoptotic pathways to accelerate cell death of the tumor. Recent studies have demonstrated that Chinese botanical drug extracts can affect the tumor process of the digestive system by regulating ERS and exert anticancer effects. This article summarizes the dual effect of ERS in the process of digestive system tumors and the intervention of Chinese botanical drug extracts in recent years, as reference for the combined treatment of digestive system tumors with Chinese and modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dajuan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junwei Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Thakare E, Chaudhary M, Gadbail A. A prospective study of circulating estrogen in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2023:01363817-990000000-00032. [PMID: 38102904 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2377_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports suggested that hormone replacement therapy decreased the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity. AIM The aim of this study was to analyze and quantify the serum 17β-estradiol (E2) level by chemiluminescence immunoassay in four groups, Group I (control group with no habit of tobacco and areca), Group II (control group with a habit of tobacco and areca), Group III (potentially malignant disorder-leukoplakia), and Group IV (oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)). It was the first study to evaluate E2 in four study groups with and without the habit of tobacco. METHOD The serum analysis was carried out in Cobas e411 analyzer by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analysis. RESULTS As per the Kruskal--Wallis test, statistically significant rise in estradiol levels in Group IV as in comparison to Group III as compared with Groups II and I. CONCLUSION This study proved that irrespective of the gender bias, the female sex hormone, estradiol levels were significantly raised in OSCC patients. This study suggests that E2 may play a vital role in determining the patient prognosis in OSCC with tobacco habit. The confounding results of this preliminary study opened up new advents emphasizing the role of E2 in OSCC. The role of E2 in estrogen receptor regulation can also be a subject of study for targeted therapies in improving the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eesha Thakare
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nanded Rural Dental College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Professor and Director (Examination, Assessment and Evaluation), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Shree Bhausaheb Hire Medical College and Hospital, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Xu H, Du QC, Wang XY, Zhou L, Wang J, Ma YY, Liu MY, Yu H. Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between cuproptosis-related genes and esophageal cancer prognosis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12089-12103. [PMID: 36483804 PMCID: PMC9724515 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i33.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, with a 5-year survival rate of 15% to 50%. Cuproptosis, a unique kind of cell death driven by protein lipoylation, is strongly connected to mitochondrial metabolism. The clinical implications of cuproptosis-related genes in esophageal cancer, however, are mainly unknown.
AIM To identify cuprotosis-related genes that are differentially expressed in esophageal cancer and investigate their prognostic significance.
METHODS With |log fold change| > 1 and false discovery rate < 0.05 as criteria, the Wilcox test was used to evaluate the differentially expressed genes between 151 tumor tissues and 151 normal esophageal tissues. Cuproptosis-related genes were selected to be linked with prognosis using univariate Cox regression analysis. Genes were separated into high- and low- expression groups based on their cutoff value of gene expression, and the correlation between the two groups and overall survival or progression-free survival was investigated using the log-rank test. The C-index, calibration curve, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess a nomogram containing clinicopathological characteristics and cuproptosis-related genes.
RESULTS Pyruvate dehydrogenase A1 (PDHA1) was found to be highly correlated with prognosis in univariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio = 22.96, 95% confidence interval = 3.09-170.73; P = 0.002). According to Kaplan-Meier survival curves, low expression of PDHA1 was associated with a better prognosis (log-rank P = 0.0007). There was no significant correlation between PDHA1 expression and 22 different types of immune cells. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) (P = 3.2 × 10-6; r = 0.37), TNFRSF14 (P = 8.1 × 10-8; r = 0.42), H long terminal repeat-associating 2 (P = 6.0 × 10-8; r = 0.42) and galectin 9 (P = 3.1 × 10-6; r = 0.37) were all found to be considerably greater in the high PDHA1 expression group, according to an analysis of genes related to 47 immunological checkpoints. The low PDHA1 expression group had significantly lower levels of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) (P = 0.00028; R = -0.29), TNFRSF18 (P = 1.2 × 10-5; R = -0.35), programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (P = 0.0032; R = -0.24), CD86 (P = 0.018; R = -0.19), and CD40 (P = 0.0047; R = -0.23), and the differences were statistically significant. We constructed a prognostic nomogram incorporating pathological type, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and PDHA1 expression, and the C-index, calibration curve, and ROC curve revealed that the nomogram’s predictive performance was good.
CONCLUSION Cuproptosis-related genes can be used as a prognostic predictor for esophageal cancer patients, providing novel insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Du
- Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ma
- Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hua Yu
- General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
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Zhang DY, Ku JW, Zhao XK, Zhang HY, Song X, Wu HF, Fan ZM, Xu RH, You D, Wang R, Zhou RX, Wang LD. Increased prognostic value of clinical–reproductive model in Chinese female patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1347-1361. [PMID: 35645543 PMCID: PMC9099181 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i13.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, it has been well recognized that some female patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have different overall survival (OS) time, even with the same tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, challenging the prognostic value of the TNM system alone. An effective predictive model is needed to accurately evaluate the prognosis of female ESCC patients.
AIM To construct a novel prognostic model with clinical and reproductive data for Chinese female patients with ESCC, and to assess the incremental prognostic value of the full model compared with the clinical model and TNM stage.
METHODS A new prognostic nomogram incorporating clinical and reproductive features was constructed based on univariatie and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis from a training cohort (n = 175). The results were recognized using the internal (n = 111) and independent external (n = 85) validation cohorts. The capability of the clinical–reproductive model was evaluated by Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), Kaplan–Meier curve, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis. The correlations between estrogen response and immune-related pathways and some gene markers of immune cells were analyzed using the TIMER 2.0 database.
RESULTS A clinical–reproductive model including incidence area, age, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis (N) stage, estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) expression, menopausal age, and pregnancy number was constructed to predict OS in female ESCC patients. Compared to the clinical model and TNM stage, the time-dependent ROC and C-index of the clinical–reproductive model showed a good discriminative ability for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-years OS in the primary training, internal and external validation sets. Based on the optimal cut-off value of total prognostic scores, patients were classified into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different OS. The estrogen response was significantly associated with p53 and apoptosis pathways in esophageal cancer.
CONCLUSION The clinical–reproductive prognostic nomogram has an incremental prognostic value compared with the clinical model and TNM stage in predicting OS in Chinese female ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Ku
- Department of Endoscopy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-Fang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, Henan Province, China
| | - Zong-Min Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Duo You
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhou
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, United States
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Roles of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Focus on Sphingosine 1-Shosphate Receptors, Angiotensin II Receptors, and Estrogen-Related GPCRs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112988. [PMID: 34831211 PMCID: PMC8616429 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are common and devastating diseases around the world. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of GI cancers, the mortality rates remain high, indicating a real need to explore the complex pathogenesis and develop more effective therapeutics for GI cancers. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical signaling molecules involved in various biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, and death, as well as immune responses and inflammation regulation. Substantial evidence has demonstrated crucial roles of GPCRs in the development of GI cancers, which provided an impetus for further research regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms and drug discovery of GI cancers. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs), angiotensin II receptors, estrogen-related GPCRs, and some other important GPCRs in the development of colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancer, and explore the potential of GPCRs as therapeutic targets.
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