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O'Shea TM, Ao Y, Wang S, Ren Y, Cheng AL, Kawaguchi R, Shi Z, Swarup V, Sofroniew MV. Derivation and transcriptional reprogramming of border-forming wound repair astrocytes after spinal cord injury or stroke in mice. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01684-6. [PMID: 38907165 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) lesions become surrounded by neuroprotective borders of newly proliferated reactive astrocytes; however, fundamental features of these cells are poorly understood. Here we show that following spinal cord injury or stroke, 90% and 10% of border-forming astrocytes derive, respectively, from proliferating local astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in adult mice of both sexes. Temporal transcriptome analysis, single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry show that after focal CNS injury, local mature astrocytes dedifferentiate, proliferate and become transcriptionally reprogrammed to permanently altered new states, with persisting downregulation of molecules associated with astrocyte-neuron interactions and upregulation of molecules associated with wound healing, microbial defense and interactions with stromal and immune cells. These wound repair astrocytes share morphologic and transcriptional features with perimeningeal limitans astrocytes and are the predominant source of neuroprotective borders that re-establish CNS integrity around lesions by separating neural parenchyma from stromal and immune cells as occurs throughout the healthy CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M O'Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yilong Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Amy L Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zechuan Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Bugga P, Manning JR, Mushala BAS, Stoner MW, Sembrat J, Scott I. GCN5L1-mediated acetylation prevents Rictor degradation in cardiac cells after hypoxic stress. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111065. [PMID: 38281616 PMCID: PMC10922666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis are the leading causes of mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. As such, these processes represent potential therapeutic targets to treat heart failure resulting from ischemic insult. We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial acetyltransferase protein GCN5L1 regulates cardiomyocyte cytoprotective signaling in ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in vitro. The current study investigated the mechanism underlying GCN5L1-mediated regulation of the Akt/mTORC2 cardioprotective signaling pathway. Rictor protein levels in cardiac tissues from human ischemic heart disease patients were significantly decreased relative to non-ischemic controls. Rictor protein levels were similarly decreased in cardiac AC16 cells following hypoxic stress, while mRNA levels remained unchanged. The reduction in Rictor protein levels after hypoxia was enhanced by the knockdown of GCN5L1, and was blocked by GCN5L1 overexpression. These findings correlated with changes in Rictor lysine acetylation, which were mediated by GCN5L1 acetyltransferase activity. Rictor degradation was regulated by proteasomal activity, which was antagonized by increased Rictor acetylation. Finally, we found that GCN5L1 knockdown restricted cytoprotective Akt signaling, in conjunction with decreased mTOR abundance and activity. In summary, these studies suggest that GCN5L1 promotes cardioprotective Akt/mTORC2 signaling by maintaining Rictor protein levels through enhanced lysine acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesha Bugga
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Janet R Manning
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Bellina A S Mushala
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Michael W Stoner
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Iain Scott
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America.
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Bugga P, Manning JR, Mushala BA, Stoner MW, Sembrat J, Scott I. GCN5L1-mediated acetylation prevents Rictor degradation in cardiac cells after hypoxic stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564170. [PMID: 37961692 PMCID: PMC10634848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis are the leading causes of mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. As such, these processes represent potential therapeutic targets to treat heart failure resulting from ischemic insult. We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial acetyltransferase protein GCN5L1 regulates cardiomyocyte cytoprotective signaling in ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in vitro. The current study investigated the mechanism underlying GCN5L1-mediated regulation of the Akt/mTORC2 cardioprotective signaling pathway. Rictor protein levels in cardiac tissues from human ischemic heart disease patients were significantly decreased relative to non-ischemic controls. Rictor protein levels were similarly decreased in cardiac AC16 cells following hypoxic stress, while mRNA levels remained unchanged. The reduction in Rictor protein levels after hypoxia was enhanced by the knockdown of GCN5L1, and was blocked by GCN5L1 overexpression. These findings correlated with changes in Rictor lysine acetylation, which were mediated by GCN5L1 acetyltransferase activity. Rictor degradation was regulated by proteasomal activity, which was antagonized by increased Rictor acetylation. Finally, we found that GCN5L1 knockdown restricted cytoprotective Akt signaling, in conjunction with decreased mTOR abundance and activity. In summary, these studies suggest that GCN5L1 promotes cardioprotective Akt/mTORC2 signaling by maintaining Rictor protein levels through enhanced lysine acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesha Bugga
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Janet R. Manning
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Bellina A.S. Mushala
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Michael W. Stoner
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Iain Scott
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Peralta ME, Parisi JC, Castrogiovanni DC, Jadhav SA, Carlos L, Bosio GN, Mártire DO. Effective intracellular release of ibuprofen triggered by thermosensitive magnetic nanocarriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113508. [PMID: 37562121 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are being widely applied in the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. An inherent difficulty in general drug therapy is the lack of precision with respect to a specific pathological site, which can lead to toxicity, excessive drug consumption, or premature degradation. In this work, the controlled drug delivery is achieved by using magnetite nanoparticles coated with mesoporous silica with core-shell structure (MMS) and grafted with the thermoresponsive polymer poly [N-isopropylacrylamide-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate] (MMS-P). The efficiency of MMS-P as a temperature-controlled drug delivery system was evaluated by in vitro release experiments using ibuprofen (IBU) in various mammalian cell models. Further, the effects of IBU as a photoprotectant in cells exposed to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a carbaryl-induced neurodegenerative model were evaluated. The results showed that MMS-P nanocarriers do not exhibit cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells at high doses such as 7600 µg mL-1. Pre-incubation of MMS-P charged with IBU showed no effect on the PDT in N2A cells; however, it produced a further decrease in the viability of HepG2 cells, leading to a reduction to PDT resistance. On the other hand, a cytoprotective effect against carbaryl toxicity in N2A cells was observed in IBU administrated by MMS-P, which confirms the effective intracellular IBU uptake by means of MMS-P. These results encourage the potential application of MMS-P as a drug delivery system and confirm the effect of IBU as a cytoprotective agent in a neurodegenerative model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E Peralta
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas, PROBIEN (CONICET-UNCo), Universidad Nacional Del Comahue, Neuquén 8300, Argentina
| | - Julieta C Parisi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CICPBA - CONICET, UNLP, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Daniel C Castrogiovanni
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CICPBA - CONICET, UNLP, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sushilkumar A Jadhav
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University Kolhapur, Vidyanagar, 416004 Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Luciano Carlos
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas, PROBIEN (CONICET-UNCo), Universidad Nacional Del Comahue, Neuquén 8300, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela N Bosio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Daniel O Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Zhang M, Kou L, Qin Y, Chen J, Bai D, Zhao L, Lin H, Jiang G. A bibliometric analysis of the recent advances in diazepam from 2012 to 2021. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042594. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diazepam is a classic benzodiazepine drug that has been widely used for disorders such as anxiety, sleep disorders, and epilepsy, over the past 59 years. The study of diazepam has always been an important research topic. However, there are few bibliometric analyses or systematic studies in this field. This study undertook bibliometric and visual analysis to ascertain the current status of diazepam research, and to identify research hotspots and trends in the past 10 years, to better understand future developments in basic and clinical research.Methods: Articles and reviews of diazepam were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection. Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica software, countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in the field were visually analyzed.Results: A total of 3,870 publications were included. Diazepam-related literature had high volumes of publications and citations. The majority of publications were from the USA and China. The highest number of publications and co-citations, among the authors, was by James M Cook. Epilepsia and the Latin American Journal of Pharmacy were the journals with the most publications on diazepam and Epilepsia was the most frequently cited journal. Through a comprehensive analysis of keywords and references, we found that current research on diazepam has focused on its mechanism of action, application in disease, pharmacokinetics, risk, assessment, and management of use, status epilepticus, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAR), intranasal formulation, gephyrin, and that ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is the current research hotspot.Conclusion: Research on diazepam is flourishing. We identified research hotspots and trends in diazepam research using bibliometric and visual analytic methods. The clinical applications, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and assessment and management of the use of diazepam are the focus of current research and the development trend of future research.
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