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Chanpura A, Gupta RK, Sriwastava SK, Rahmig J. Diagnostic value of soluble Interleukin-2 receptor in patients suffering neurosarcoidosis: A systematic review. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2024; 16:11795735241274186. [PMID: 39193252 PMCID: PMC11348353 DOI: 10.1177/11795735241274186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neurosarcoidosis is an inflammatory granulomatous disease. Up to 25% of occult sarcoidosis affecting the nervous system are only detected by autopsy. In addition, in recent years the suspicion arose that the soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor (sIL-2R) might be useful in differentiating between neurosarcoidosis and neurosarcoidosis-like diseases such as neurotuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral lymphoma. Objectives Therefore, we aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational studies, and case-control studies evaluating sIL-2R levels in neurosarcoidosis patients. Design For this systematic review, a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases including EMBASE, The Web Of Science, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was conducted. The search was limited to the English language and publication date up to January 08th, 2024. Data Sources and Methods As part of the search strategy conducted, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant data from each article. In addition, 2 independent reviewers assessed the quality of each study using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results We included 6 studies comprising 98 patients suffering from neurosarcoidosis, 525 non-sarcoidosis patients, and 118 healthy controls. Included studies were published between 2010 and 2023. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sIL-2R levels differed significantly between neurosarcoidosis patients and multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, and healthy controls whereas serum sIL-2R levels did not reveal sufficient discriminative power. sIL-2R index was able to discriminate neurosarcoidosis from neurotuberculosis, bacterial/viral meningitis, and healthy controls. Conclusions In this systematic review, we found indications that sIL-2R may be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. To determine an additional diagnostic value of sIL-2R, large prospective studies are needed that not only examine absolute sIL-2R levels in serum or CSF but also the dynamic changes as well as the implications of renal function on sIL-2R levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Chanpura
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Gupta
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shitiz K. Sriwastava
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Rahmig
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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D’Agostino S, Valentini G, Dolci M. Exploring Interleukin Levels in Type 1 Diabetes and Periodontitis: A Review with a Focus on Childhood. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:238. [PMID: 38397350 PMCID: PMC10887696 DOI: 10.3390/children11020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes can trigger an increase in cytokine levels leading to the production of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. These molecules promote subclinical inflammation, causing the expression of adhesive molecules and endothelial dysfunction. Despite the lack of a comprehensive panel for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for interleukins associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), understanding the inflammatory role of SNPs is crucial because periodontitis, the sixth complication of diabetes, is influenced via these genetic variations. This review focuses on the interleukin levels in T1DM patients with and without periodontitis, with a particular focus on childhood and on SNPs when reported. A search of PubMed and Scopus identified 21 relevant studies from the past five years. Several ILs were analyzed, emphasizing that T1DM still needs to be thoroughly explored regarding an IL polymorphisms panel; however, the last five years have led to the increased independence of this condition, causing autonomous inflammatory effects, which require further investigation. The periodontitis and T1DM association in children and adolescents represents a severe gap in the literature that should be filled; this scarce presence of studies serves as motivation for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D’Agostino
- Complex Unit of Odontostomatology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.V.); (M.D.)
| | - Giulia Valentini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.V.); (M.D.)
| | - Marco Dolci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.V.); (M.D.)
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Rostoka E, Shvirksts K, Salna E, Trapina I, Fedulovs A, Grube M, Sokolovska J. Prediction of type 1 diabetes with machine learning algorithms based on FTIR spectral data in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4926-4937. [PMID: 37721124 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01080e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmunity is increasing, to ensure timely and comprehensive treatment, there must be a diagnostic method or markers that would be available to the general public. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a relatively inexpensive and accurate method for determining metabolic fingerprint. The metabolism, molecular composition and function of blood cells vary according to individual physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, by obtaining autoimmune disease-specific metabolic fingerprint markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and subsequently using machine learning algorithms, it might be possible to create a tool that will allow the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. In this preliminary study, it was found that the peak shift at 1545 cm-1 could be considered specific for autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D), while the shifts at 1070 and 1417 cm-1 could be more attributed to the autoimmune condition per se. The prediction of T1D, despite the small number of participants in the study, showed an inverse AUC = 0.33 ± 0.096, n = 15, indicating a stable trend in the prediction of T1D based on FTIR metabolic fingerprint data in the PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita Rostoka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV 1004, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Karlis Shvirksts
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, LV1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Salna
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV 1004, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Ilva Trapina
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, LV1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aleksejs Fedulovs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV 1004, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Mara Grube
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, LV1004, Riga, Latvia
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Shi Q, Wang Q, Wang Z, Lu J, Wang R. Systemic inflammatory regulators and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1088778. [PMID: 36845092 PMCID: PMC9950638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence shows that systemic inflammation is an embedded mechanism of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, the specific systemic inflammatory factors involved in this process remained obscure. The study aimed to identify the upstream and downstream systemic regulators of PDR by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis implementing the results from genome-wide association studies for 41 serum cytokines from 8,293 Finnish individuals, and PDR from FinnGen consortium (2,025 cases vs. 284,826 controls) and eight cohorts of European ancestry (398 cases vs. 2,848 controls), respectively. The inverse-variance-weighted method was adopted as the main MR method, and four additional MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted-median, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and MR-Steiger filtering methods) were used for the sensitivity analyses. Results from FinnGen and eight cohorts were pooled into a meta-analysis. Results Our results showed that genetically predicted higher stem cell growth factor-β (SCGFb) and interleukin-8 were positively associated with an elevated risk of PDR, with a combined effect of one standard deviation (SD) increase in SCGFb and interleukin-8 causing 11.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6%, 24.2%]) and 21.4% [95% CI: 3.8%, 41.9%]) higher risk of PDR, respectively. In contrast, genetically predisposition to PDR showed a positive association with the increased levels of growth-regulated oncogene-α (GROa), stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF1a), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), interleukin-12p70, and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (IL-2ra). Conclusions Our MR study identified two upstream regulators and six downstream effectors of PDR, providing opportunities for new therapeutic exploitation of PDR onset. Nonetheless, these nominal associations of systemic inflammatory regulators and PDR require validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangsheng Wang
- Department of Haematology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenqian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ruobing Wang,
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Keindl M, Davies R, Bergum B, Brun JG, Hammenfors D, Jonsson R, Lyssenko V, Appel S. Impaired activation of STAT5 upon IL-2 stimulation in Tregs and elevated sIL-2R in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:101. [PMID: 35526080 PMCID: PMC9077945 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) are essential for the survival of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which are the main players in immune tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease predominantly affecting women and is characterised by sicca symptoms including oral and ocular dryness. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between IL-2R and Treg function in patients with SS of different severity defined by the salivary flow rate. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we determined plasma soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R) levels in women with SS (n=97) and healthy females (n=50) using ELISA. A subset of those (n=51) was screened for Treg function measured by the STAT5 signalling response to IL-2 using phospho-flow cytometry. Results We found that elevated plasma levels of sIL-2R were positively associated with the severity of SS reflected by a pathologically low salivary flow. Phospho-flow analysis revealed that patients with SS have a significantly lower frequency of pSTAT5+ Tregs upon IL-2 stimulation compared with healthy individuals, while the frequency of Tregs and pSTAT5 in conventional T cells remained unchanged. In addition, we observed more pSTAT5+ Tregs at baseline in patients with SS, which is significantly associated with seropositivity and elevated sIL-2R. Conclusions Our data indicates that Tregs have a weakened immunosuppressive function in patients with SS due to impaired IL-2/IL-2R signalling capacity. This could mediate lymphocytic infiltration into salivary glands inducing sicca symptoms. We believe that sIL-2R could act as a useful indicator for SS and disease severity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02769-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Keindl
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Richard Davies
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brith Bergum
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan G Brun
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Hammenfors
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silke Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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