Sun SS, Wang RX. Molecular diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome with diabetes by whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic approaches.
World J Diabetes 2021;
12:2058-2072. [PMID:
35047120 PMCID:
PMC8696644 DOI:
10.4239/wjd.v12.i12.2058]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism accompanied by anosmia or hyposmia. It is associated with the low secretion of gonadotropins which can lead to other abnormal endocrine metabolism disorders such as diabetes. Through genetic and molecular biological methods, more than 10 KS pathogenic genes have been found.
AIM
To identify the existing mutation sites of KS with diabetes and reveal the relationship between genotype and phenotype.
METHODS
We studied KS pathogenesis through high-throughput exome sequencing on four diabetes’ patients with KS for screening the potential pathogenic sites and exploring the genotype-phenotype correlation. Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients. White blood cells were separated and genomic DNA was extracted. High-throughput sequencing of all exons in the candidate pathogenic genes of probands was performed, and the results obtained were analyzed.
RESULTS
Sequencing revealed mutations in the KLB p.T313M, ANOS1 p.C172F, and IGSF10 gene (p.Lys1819Arg and p.Arg1035Thr) at different sites, which may have been associated with disease onset.
CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of KS is challenging, especially in early puberty, and the clinical manifestations reflect physical delays in development and puberty. Timely diagnosis and treatment can induce puberty, thereby improving sexual, bone, metabolic and mental health.
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