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Goyal SP, Saravanan C. An insight into the critical role of gut microbiota in triggering the phthalate-induced toxicity and its mitigation using probiotics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166889. [PMID: 37683852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates, a major food safety concern, has been implicated in various chronic human disorders. As dietary exposure serves as a primary exposure route for phthalate exposure, understanding the detrimental impact on the gastrointestinal tract and resident gut microbiota is indispensable for better managing public health risks. Various reports have explored the intricate interplay between phthalate exposure, gut microbiota dysbiosis and host pathophysiology. For instance, oral exposure of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) affected the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and abundance of Akkermansia and Prevotella, ensuing impaired lipid metabolism and reproductive toxicity. In some cases, DEHP exposure altered the levels of gut microbial metabolites, namely short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids or p-cresol, resulting in cholesterol imbalance or neurodevelopmental disorders. Conversely, supplementation of gut-modulating probiotics like Lactococcus or Lactobacillus sp. averted the phthalate-induced hepatic or testicular toxicity through host gene regulation, gut microbial modulation or elimination of DEHP or DBP in faeces. Overall, the current review revealed the critical role of the gut microbiota in initiating or exacerbating phthalate-induced toxicity, which could be averted or mitigated by probiotics supplementation. Future studies should focus on identifying high-efficiency probiotic strains that could help reduce the exposure of phthalates in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Popli Goyal
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Chakkaravarthi Saravanan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India.
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Liu W, Jiang H, Liu X, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Pan F, Yu F, Li Z, Gu M, Du Q, Li X, Zhang H, Han D. Altered intestinal microbiota enhances adenoid hypertrophy by disrupting the immune balance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277351. [PMID: 38090578 PMCID: PMC10715246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common upper respiratory disorder in children. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been implicated in AH. However, the interplay of alteration of gut microbiome and enlarged adenoids remains elusive. Methods 119 AH children and 100 healthy controls were recruited, and microbiome profiling of fecal samples in participants was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) was conducted to verify the effects of gut microbiota on immune response in mice. Results In AH individuals, only a slight decrease of diversity in bacterial community was found, while significant changes of microbial composition were observed between these two groups. Compared with HCs, decreased abundances of Akkermansia, Oscillospiraceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes genera and increased abundances of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus gnavus genera were revealed in AH patients. The abundance of Bacteroides remained stable with age in AH children. Notably, a microbial marker panel of 8 OTUs were identified, which discriminated AH from HC individuals with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9851 in the discovery set, and verified in the geographically different validation set, achieving an AUC of 0.9782. Furthermore, transfer of mice with fecal microbiota from AH patients dramatically reduced the proportion of Treg subsets within peripheral blood and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and promoted the expansion of Th2 cells in NALT. Conclusion These findings highlight the effect of the altered gut microbiota in the AH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huier Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiling Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meizhen Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingding Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Li Y, Wu M, Kong M, Sui S, Wang Q, He Y, Gu J. Impact of Donepezil Supplementation on Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology and Gut Microbiome in APP/PS1 Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2306. [PMID: 37764150 PMCID: PMC10537997 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on published information, the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are potentially related to gut microbiota changes. Donepezil hydrochloride (DH), which enhances cholinergic activity by blocking acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is one of the first-line drugs for AD treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA. However, the potential link between the effects of DH on the pathophysiological processes of AD and the gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, pathological changes in the brain and colon, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and AChE, and changes in intestinal flora were observed. The results showed that Aβ deposition in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of AD mice was significantly decreased, while colonic inflammation was significantly alleviated by DH treatment. Concomitantly, SOD activity was significantly improved, while AChE was significantly reduced after DH administration. In addition, the gut microbiota community composition of AD mice was significantly altered after DH treatment. The relative abundance of Akkermansia in the AD group was 54.8% higher than that in the N group. The relative abundance of Akkermansia was increased by 18.3% and 53.8% in the AD_G group and the N_G group, respectively. Interestingly, Akkermansia showed a potential predictive value and might be a biomarker for AD. Molecular docking revealed the binding mode and major forces between DH and membrane proteins of Akkermansia. The overall results suggest a novel therapeutic mechanism for treating AD and highlight the critical role of gut microbiota in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Mengyao Wu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Shaomei Sui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jinsong Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
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Segers A, de Vos WM. Mode of action of Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestinal dialogue: role of extracellular proteins, metabolites and cell envelope components. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:6. [PMID: 38045608 PMCID: PMC10688800 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising next-generation beneficial microbe due to its natural presence in the mucus layer of the gut, its symbiotic ability to degrade mucus, and its capacity to improve the intestinal barrier function. A. muciniphila is able to counteract weight gain and immuno-metabolic disturbances in several animal models. Many of these disorders, including obesity and auto-immune diseases, have been associated with decreased gut barrier function and consequent increased inflammation. Since A. muciniphila was found to normalize these changes and strengthen the gut barrier function, it is hypothesized that other beneficial effects of A. muciniphila might be caused by this restoration. In search for A. muciniphila's mode of action in enhancing the gut barrier function and promoting health, we reasoned that secreted components or cell envelope components of A. muciniphila are interesting candidates as they can potentially reach and interact with the epithelial barrier. In this review, we focus on the potential mechanisms through which A. muciniphila can exert its beneficial effects on the host by the production of extracellular and secreted proteins, metabolites and cell envelope components. These products have been studied in isolation for their structure, signaling capacity, and in some cases, also for their effects in preclinical models. This includes the protein known as Amuc_1100, which we here rename as pilus-associated signaling (PAS) protein , the P9 protein encoded by Amuc_1631, the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate, and cell envelope components, such as phosphatidylethanolamine and peptidoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Segers
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Guzzardi MA, La Rosa F, Iozzo P. Trust the gut: outcomes of gut microbiota transplant in metabolic and cognitive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105143. [PMID: 36990372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main public health concern, with increasing prevalence and growingly premature onset in children, in spite of emerging and successful therapeutic options. T2DM promotes brain aging, and younger age at onset is associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia. Preventive strategies should address predisposing conditions, like obesity and metabolic syndrome, and be started from very early and even prenatal life. Gut microbiota is an emerging target in obesity, diabetes and neurocognitive diseases, which could be safely modulated since pregnancy and infancy. Many correlative studies have supported its involvement in disease pathophysiology. Faecal material transplantation (FMT) studies have been conducted in clinical and preclinical settings to deliver cause-effect proof and mechanistic insights. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies in which FMT was used to cure or cause obesity, metabolic syndrome, T2DM, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, including the evidence available in early life. Findings were analysed to dissect consolidated from controversial results, highlighting gaps and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), the National Research Council (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica La Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), the National Research Council (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), the National Research Council (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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