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Goyal SP, Agarwal T, Mishra V, Kumar A, Saravanan C. Adsorption Characterization of Lactobacillus sp. for Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:519-530. [PMID: 36995550 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the widely detected plasticizer in foods whose exposure is associated with a myriad of human disorders. The present study focused on identifying Lactobacillus strains with high adsorption potential towards DEHP and further elucidating the mechanism of binding using HPLC, FTIR and SEM. Two strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 25,433, were found to rapidly adsorb more than 85% of DEHP in 2 h. Binding potential remained unaffected by heat treatment. Moreover, acid pre-treatment enhanced the DEHP adsorption. Chemical pre-treatments, such as NaIO4, pronase E or lipase, caused reduction in DEHP adsorption to 46% (LGG), 49% (MTCC 25,433) and 62% (MTCC 25,433), respectively, attributing it to cell wall polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. This was also corroborated by stretching vibrations of C = O, N-H, C-N and C-O functional groups. Furthermore, SDS and urea pre-treatment, demonstrated the crucial role of hydrophobic interactions in DEHP adsorption. The extracted peptidoglycan from LGG and MTCC 25,433 adsorbed 45% and 68% of DEHP, respectively, revealing the imperative role of peptidoglycan and its integrity in DEHP adsorption. These findings indicated that DEHP removal was based on physico-chemical adsorption and cell wall proteins, polysaccharides or peptidoglycan played a primary role in its adsorption. Owing to the high binding efficiency, L. rhamnosus GG and L. plantarum MTCC 25,433 were considered to be a potential detoxification strategy to mitigate the risk associated with the consumption of DEHP-contaminated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Popli Goyal
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Tripti Agarwal
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Chakkaravarthi Saravanan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India.
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Goyal SP, Maurya R, Mishra V, Kondepudi KK, Saravanan C. Ameliorative potential of synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols against Benzo[a]pyrene-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cell line. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140891. [PMID: 38101482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a major global food safety concern, is often associated with increasing incidence of colorectal cancers. This in-vitro study was focused on the identification of potential B[a]P-adsorbing Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of the ameliorative effect of synbiotic combination of selected Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols (quercetin or resveratrol) against B[a]P-induced intestinal toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Preliminary studies lead to the selection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTCC 25433 strain that showed 86% of B[a]P adsorption in 2 h as compared to L. rhamnosus GG that showed 74% of B[a]P adsorption. B[a]P adsorption by MTCC 25433 was reduced to 9%, 16% and 20% upon pre-treatment with SDS, NaIO4 and mutanolysin, attributing the involvement of cell wall proteins and polysaccharides in the adsorption. Additionally, peptidoglycan of both strains adsorbed >50% of B[a]P. In-vitro assays revealed that the selected LAB mitigated the B[a]P-induced epithelial cell damage. Among the polyphenols, quercetin, resveratrol and curcumin, varied in their potency to mitigate B[a]P-induced oxidative stress, with curcumin being least effective. Combinations of selected Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols were more potent in averting B[a]P-induced toxicity via increase in GSH (17-30 %), SOD (50-88 %), catalase (19-45 %), and reduction in IL-8 secretion (14-28 %) and barrier dysfunction. Principal component analysis affirmed the superior potency of combination of L. plantarum MTCC 25433 and quercetin in averting B[a]P-induced toxicity. Overall, this study highlighted a novel promising strategy of synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus sp. and polyphenols (quercetin or resveratrol) in alleviating the B[a]P-induced toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Popli Goyal
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Ruchika Maurya
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Chakkaravarthi Saravanan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India.
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Goyal SP, Saravanan C. An insight into the critical role of gut microbiota in triggering the phthalate-induced toxicity and its mitigation using probiotics. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166889. [PMID: 37683852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates, a major food safety concern, has been implicated in various chronic human disorders. As dietary exposure serves as a primary exposure route for phthalate exposure, understanding the detrimental impact on the gastrointestinal tract and resident gut microbiota is indispensable for better managing public health risks. Various reports have explored the intricate interplay between phthalate exposure, gut microbiota dysbiosis and host pathophysiology. For instance, oral exposure of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) affected the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and abundance of Akkermansia and Prevotella, ensuing impaired lipid metabolism and reproductive toxicity. In some cases, DEHP exposure altered the levels of gut microbial metabolites, namely short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids or p-cresol, resulting in cholesterol imbalance or neurodevelopmental disorders. Conversely, supplementation of gut-modulating probiotics like Lactococcus or Lactobacillus sp. averted the phthalate-induced hepatic or testicular toxicity through host gene regulation, gut microbial modulation or elimination of DEHP or DBP in faeces. Overall, the current review revealed the critical role of the gut microbiota in initiating or exacerbating phthalate-induced toxicity, which could be averted or mitigated by probiotics supplementation. Future studies should focus on identifying high-efficiency probiotic strains that could help reduce the exposure of phthalates in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Popli Goyal
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Chakkaravarthi Saravanan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India.
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Davidar P, Sharma R, de Silva S, Campos-Arceiz A, Goossens B, Puyravaud JP, Habib B, De R, Wong EP, Neupane D, Othman NB, Goyal SP. Connect elephant habitats in Asia. Science 2023; 379:765. [PMID: 36821683 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg7470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Davidar
- Sigur Nature Trust, Mavinhalla PO, Nilgiris, TN 643223, India
| | - Reeta Sharma
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
| | - Shermin de Silva
- Department of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Trunks & Leaves Inc., Pittsfield, MA, USA
| | - Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Sabah, Malaysia
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Bilal Habib
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
| | - Rahul De
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
| | - Ee Phin Wong
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Neupane
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Nurzhafarina Binti Othman
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - S P Goyal
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
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Joshi BD, Johnson JA, Negi T, Singh A, Goyal SP, Negi RK. Understanding genetic diversity and population genetic structure of three Cyprinidae fishes occupying the same habitat from Uttarakhand, India. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:2956-2961. [PMID: 33365810 PMCID: PMC7706785 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1662740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Different pattern of genetic diversity and population genetic structure among the species are reported due to their different ecological requirements, adaptability and the evolutionary histories. Understanding such patterns in a species and between the populations is important to develop the effective conservation plans. Very limited studies are available, how different factors influencing the gene flow of a species especially in fish communities. Therefore, the present study is aimed to document the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the three species of Cyprinidae fishes (Puntius sophore, Pethia ticto, and Pethia conchonius) sharing the same kind of habitat using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1). We used 80 samples of the three species from different river/streams. In which we observed total 4–9 haplotypes in all three species with the intra-species sequenced divergence ranges between 0.002 and 0.019. The nucleotide and haplotype diversity was ranged from 0.002040 to 0.01007 and from 0.251 to 0.822, respectively. Neutrality test values were found to be positive only in the P. ticto but statistically non-significant. The AMOVA variation among the populations was 8.89–84.30% whereas, within the populations, it was ranged from 15.70 to 91.11%. The median-joining haplotype network suggests the stable population size over the time and haplotypes were clustered with respect to their geographic locations except the P. conchonius. Similar pattern observed in the phylogenetic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bheem Dutt Joshi
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India.,Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | - J A Johnson
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | - Tarana Negi
- Department of Zoology, Govt. College, Bahadurgarh, India
| | | | - S P Goyal
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
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Abstract
Livestock populations in protected areas are viewed negatively because of their interaction with native ungulates through direct competition for food resources. However, livestock and native prey can also interact indirectly through their shared predator. Indirect interactions between two prey species occur when one prey modifies either the functional or numerical responses of a shared predator. This interaction is often manifested as negative effects (apparent competition) on one or both prey species through increased predation risk. But indirect interactions can also yield positive effects on a focal prey if the shared predator modifies its functional response toward increased consumption of an abundant and higher-quality alternative prey. Such a phenomenon between two prey species is underappreciated and overlooked in nature. Positive indirect effects can be expected to occur in livestock-dominated wildlife reserves containing large carnivores. We searched for such positive effects in Acacia-Zizhypus forests of India's Gir sanctuary where livestock (Bubalus bubalis and Bos indicus) and a coexisting native prey (chital deer, Axis axis) are consumed by Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica). Chital vigilance was higher in areas with low livestock density than in areas with high livestock density. This positive indirect effect occurred because lion predation rates on livestock were twice as great where livestock were abundant than where livestock density was low. Positive indirect interactions mediated by shared predators may be more common than generally thought with rather major consequences for ecological understanding and conservation. We encourage further studies to understand outcomes of indirect interactions on long-term predator-prey dynamics in livestock-dominated protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayan Sundararaj
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University. Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5El Canada.
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Sahajpal V, Goyal SP. Identification of a forensic case using microscopy and forensically informative nucleotide sequencing (FINS): a case study of small Indian civet (Viverricula indica). Sci Justice 2009; 50:94-7. [PMID: 20470742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The exhibits obtained in wildlife offence cases quite often present a challenging situation for the forensic expert. The selection of proper approach for analysis is vital for a successful analysis. A generalised forensic analysis approach should proceed from the use of non-destructive techniques (morphological and microscopic examination) to partially destructive and finally destructive techniques (DNA analysis). The findings of non-destructive techniques may sometime be inconclusive but they definitely help in steering further forensic analysis in a proper direction. We describe a recent case where a very small dried skin piece (<0.05 mg) with just one small trimmed guard hair (0.4 cm) on it was received for species identification. The single guard hair was examined microscopically to get an indication of the type of species. We also describe the extraction procedure with a lower amount of sample, using an automated extraction method (Qiagen Biorobot EZ1) and PCR amplification of three mitochondrial genes (16s rRNA, 12s rRNA and cytochrome b) for species identification. Microscopic examination of the single hair indicated a viverrid species but the initial DNA analysis with 16s rRNA (through NCBI BLAST) showed the highest homology (93%) with a hyaenid species (Hyaena hyaena). However, further DNA analysis based on 12s rRNA and cytochrome b gene proved that the species was indeed a viverrid i.e. Viverricula indica (small Indian civet). The highest homology shown with a Hyaenid species by the 16s rRNA sequence from the case sample was due to lack of a 16s rRNA sequence for Viverricula indica in the NCBI data base. The case highlights the importance of morphological and microscopic examinations in wildlife offence cases. With respect to DNA extraction technology we found that automatic extraction method of Biorobot EZ1 (Qiagen) is quite useful with less amount of sample (much below recommended amount).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sahajpal
- Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradoon-248001, India.
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Abstract
Dorsal guard hairs of four species of bear (family: Ursidae) found in India were characterized using light microscopy by studying features including colour, hair thickness, cuticle pattern, medulla pattern, medullary index, cross-section and scale count index. The gross cuticular pattern was quite similar for the four species but a distinct difference was observed in the scale count index. Medulla type was narrow and amorphous with a very low medullary index (< 0.15) except for brown bear which showed a comparatively higher medullary index (0.38) and a vacuolated medulla. By combining together the parameters mentioned above it was possible to characterize bear species on the basis of their hair characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sahajpal
- Wildlife Forensic Lab, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun-248001, India
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Sahajpal V, Goyal SP. Identification of shed or plucked origin of Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) tail feathers: preliminary findings. Sci Justice 2008; 48:76-8. [PMID: 18700500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) tail covert feathers were studied to investigate the difference between shed and plucked feathers in the context of wildlife offence cases involving the killing of the Indian national bird for the purpose of plucking feathers. Plucked feathers were distinguished from shed feathers by examining their roots under low magnification of a stereoscopic microscope. A chemical test to show the presence of blood on the roots of plucked feathers was used to corroborate the plucked origin of feathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sahajpal
- Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun-248001, Uttranchal/Uttrakhand, India.
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Guha S, Goyal SP, Kashyap VK. Molecular phylogeny of musk deer: a genomic view with mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome b gene. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 42:585-97. [PMID: 17158073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic status of the infra order Pecora is controversial, even though it is supported by paleontological, morphological, and molecular evidence. We analyzed two mitochondrial genes (i.e., 16S rRNA and cytochrome b) to resolve the phylogenetic position of pecoran species, i.e., the Bovidae, Cervidae, and Moschidae endemic to the Indian subcontinent. We used phylogenetic analysis based on different algorithms, including neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, minimum evolution, median joining network, along with multidimensional scaling, and DNA word analysis. Our results established the basal position of Tragulidae and the monophyly of the infra order Pecora within the Suborder Ruminantia. Our results also demonstrated that Bovidae, Cervidae, and Moschidae are allied with the placement of musk deer as more closely related to bovids than to cervids. Molecular dating based on sequence analysis shows that the radiation of Pecora occurred during the early Oligocene and that the majority of the pecoran families radiated and dispersed rapidly during the Oligocene/Miocene transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Guha
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata, India.
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Guha S, Goyal SP, Kashyap VK. Genomic variation in the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b (MT-CYB) and 16S rRNA (MT-RNR2) genes: characterization of eight endangered Pecoran species. Anim Genet 2006; 37:262-5. [PMID: 16734688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop species-specific identification markers, we examined genetic variants and molecular signatures within genes encoding mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA in eight endangered Pecoran species endemic to the Indian peninsula. Our results revealed that the cytochrome b gene exhibited higher sequence diversity than the 16S rRNA gene, both between and within species. However, the 16S rRNA gene harboured a larger number of species-specific mutation sites compared with the cytochrome b gene, suggesting that it could be useful for species identification. Indeed, we successfully used 'forensically informative nucleotide sequencing' (FINS) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene to identify two previously unknown biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guha
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata, India
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Goyal SP, Wahal PK, Gupta MC, Garg P, Pandy DN. Long-term effects of thrombolytic therapy on clinical course and left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. J Assoc Physicians India 1994; 42:16-9. [PMID: 7836239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sixty five cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction, of which 40 cases received thrombolytic therapy, were followed up for a period of one year for clinical course and left ventricular function. Reperfusion was achieved in 65% cases who received thrombolytic therapy. At discharge and at one year treated group fared well on Killip Scale, and ejection fraction (EF), and the overally mortality was lower. This difference was more significant in the group who achieved reperfusion. Male sex, Anterior wall infarctions, deep Q wave infarctions as also low EF at the time of discharge and late cardiac events had adverse effect on the course of infarction during follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Goyal
- Department of Cardiology, SN Medical College, Agra
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Sasidharan TO, Goyal SP, Chand P, Ghosh PK. The effects of water deprivation and salt load on water conservation efficiency in two Indian desert gerbils. J Comp Physiol B 1990; 160:413-22. [PMID: 2292616 DOI: 10.1007/bf01075673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of water deprivation and intraperitoneal salt loading on urine volume and on various urinary constituents have been examined in two gerbil species of the Rajasthan desert, the Indian desert gerbil (Meriones hurrianae Jerdon) and the Indian gerbil (Tatera indica indica Hardwicke). During summer, hydrated T. indica excreted 0.782 ml urine.100 g-1.d-1 which was about 60.5% higher than the volume of urine excreted by hydrated M. hurrianae (0.487 ml.100 g-1.d-1). During winter, both species excreted around 1.5 ml urine.100 g-1.d-1. The experimental treatments caused reductions in urine volume in M. hurrianae from 40 to 76% during summer and from 35 to 71% in winter. Similar treatments in T. indica caused reductions in urine volume of 50-82% in summer and 5-60% in winter. The mean increase in urine osmolarity following various salt loading treatments in T. indica ranged from 3800 to 5761 mosmol.l-1 and from 4034 to 6255 mosmol.l-1 during summer and winter, respectively. The mean values of urine osmolarity for hydrated T. indica were 2831 and 3189 mosmol.l-1 during summer and winter, respectively. In M. hurrianae salt loading treatments caused increases of urine osmolarity between 3381 and 5646 mosmol.l-1 and between 4032 and 5434 mosmol.l-1, during summer and winter, respectively, over the values recorded for hydrated animals (summer = 3292; winter = 3294 mosmol.l-1). A maximum urine osmolarity of around 7000 mosmol.l-1 was found in both species when subjected to 2% salt-loading treatment. The treatments used in this study increased urinary urea level in both T. indica (3039-4056 mM) and in M. hurrianae (1900-2180 mM) compared to the level in their respective hydrated controls (T. indica = 1628 mM; M. hurrianae = 1372 mM). The results indicate that T. indica may be better adapted to produce more concentrated urine than M. hurrianae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Sasidharan
- Division of Animal Studies, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
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Goyal SP, Singh R, Wahal PK, Jain VK, Pursnani ML, Singh MM, Sodhi BS. Serum cholesterol binding reserve and its ratio to serum cholesterol in first degree relatives of patients with ischaemic heart disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1990; 38:395-7. [PMID: 2384453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serum total cholesterol and serum cholesterol binding reserve (SCBR) were estimated in 50 healthy subjects and 25 cases with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and their seventy asymptomatic first degree relatives. In normal subjects mean values of SCBR tended to expand with increasing levels of serum cholesterol, while this relationship was reversed in cases with IHD. The relatives showed a direct correlation between serum cholesterol and SCBR upto serum cholesterol level of 220 mg/dl, but the correlation was lost beyond this level. The critical levels for predicting risk of IHD were 30 mg/dl for SCBR and 8 for cholesterol: SCBR ratio. The latter was found to be a more sensitive index for predicting the risk of IHD as compared to SCBR alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Goyal
- PG Dep of Medicine, Medical College, Agra
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Singh MM, Singh R, Lahiri VL, Elhence BR, Goyal SP, Singh SP. Antiautonomic nerve antibodies in autonomic neuropathy of diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India 1988; 36:197-200. [PMID: 3053614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Goyal SP, Ghosh PK, Sasidharan TO, Chand P. Body water relations in two species of gerbil (Tatera indica indica and Meriones hurrianae) of the Indian desert. J Comp Physiol B 1988; 158:127-34. [PMID: 3385057 DOI: 10.1007/bf00692736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The relative body water conservation efficiency of two Indian desert gerbil species, Meriones hurrianae (diurnal/crepuscular) and Tatera indica (nocturnal), has been examined under near-natural conditions in different seasons. A mean urine osmolarity of 3180 mosmol/l (maximum 4645 mosmol/l) in M. hurrianae and a mean value of 5128 mosmol/l (maximum 7547 mosmol/l) in T. indica have been recorded during summer. Urine osmolarity and urea levels indicated that while M. hurrianae remain sufficiently hydrated mainly by virtue of their feeding habit, Tatera indica may depend on the relatively higher concentrating capacity of their kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Goyal
- Division of Animal Studies, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
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Sharma SK, Chaudhary VK, Singh R, Goyal SP, Jain VK. Incidence and nature of cardiac arrhythmias in cases of acute myocardial infarction in relation to some major coronary risk factors. J Assoc Physicians India 1986; 34:413-5. [PMID: 3771477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Singh MM, Singh R, Khare A, Gupta MC, Patney NL, Jain VK, Goyal SP, Prakash V, Pandey DN. Serum copper in myocardial infarction--diagnostic and prognostic significance. Angiology 1985; 36:504-10. [PMID: 4037417 DOI: 10.1177/000331978503600805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum copper estimations were carried out in 44 cases of acute myocardial infarction, 23 cases of angina and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. A highly significant degree of rise in serum copper levels was observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction as compared to cases of angina and controls. The levels showed a gradual rise with peak on 7th day followed by a gradual decline returning to normal on 28th day. The pattern was the same both in complicated and uncomplicated cases except that values were still higher on the 28th day in complicated cases of acute myocardial infarction. Mean peak serum copper levels were significantly higher (p less than .001) in complicated cases of acute myocardial infarction as compared to uncomplicated cases. Significant correlation was found between serial serum copper changes and creatinine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase levels. The prognostic and diagnostic significance of serum copper has been discussed.
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Singh R, Singh MM, Hazra DK, Agarwal N, Patney NL, Goyal SP, Bansal OP, Mehrotra MP, Sharma SK. A study of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in hepatic coma complicating acute viral hepatitis. Angiology 1983; 34:470-9. [PMID: 6869928 DOI: 10.1177/000331978303400707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thirty cases of viral hepatitis with and without coma and 15 normal healthy age and sex matched controls were studied for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Cases of viral hepatitis with coma showed strong evidence of DIC in the form of increased plasma FDP (240 +/- 190.64 dilution), diminished fibrinogen half life (48.1 +/- 15.3 hours) and increased fractional catabolic rate (46.13 +/- 14.7% per day) with normal Euglobulin clot lysis time and reduced fibrinogen (147.33 +/- 43.5%) and platelet count (1.27 +/- 0.324 lakhs/cm.). The possible role of heparin in the reversal of coagulation abnormalities have been discussed.
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Goyal SP. 'Management' by objectives. Hosp Adm (New Delhi) 1979; 16:108-10. [PMID: 10247193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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21
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Wahal PK, Mathur KS, Goyal SP, Hazra DK, Mehrotra PK, Jain VK, Patney NL. Relationship of circulating antisynovial antibodies with clinical joint involvement--a follow up study in cases of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1979; 27:689-93. [PMID: 541335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Patney NL, Mehrotra MP, Khanna HK, Goyal SP, Kumar A. Urinary indican as a screening index of jejunal bacterial flora in Indian adulthood cirrhosis. Indian J Med Sci 1979; 33:150-6. [PMID: 521107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Kishor B, Hazra DK, Mehrotra MP, Lahiri VL, Pusnani ML, Sharma SK, Goyal SP, Kishore N, Mehrotra MM. Indirect haemagglutination tests in intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis. J Assoc Physicians India 1979; 27:33-8. [PMID: 229098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Wahal PK, Mehrotra MP, Kishore B, Goyal SP, Gupta MC, Patney NL, Raizada SN, Singh R. A study of serum ceruloplasmin levels in acute copper sulphate poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 1978; 26:983-7. [PMID: 752677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Patney NL, Mehrotra MP, Saxena SK, Khanna HK, Goyal SP, Lahiri VL, Kishore B, Kumar A. A correlative study of upper jejunal bacterial flora and steatorrhoea in diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India 1977; 25:187-94. [PMID: 914748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Patney NL, Mehrotra MP, Lahiri VL, Saxena SK, Goyal SP, Khanna HK, Kishore B, Kumar A. Upper jejunal bacterial flora in cirrhosis of liver. J Assoc Physicians India 1977; 25:101-7. [PMID: 914732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mehrotra MP, Wahal PK, Lahri VL, Goyal SP, Sharma RD, Patney NL. A preliminary study of serum aldolase level in hepatic amoebiasis. J Assoc Physicians India 1976; 24:659-63. [PMID: 1025108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tandon RK, Patney NL, Goyal SP, Tandon K. Pulmonary resection in child-bearing age and its effect on pregnancy. Indian J Chest Dis 1974; 16:381-5. [PMID: 4469264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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