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Nguyen TT, Corvera S. Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing. Nat Metab 2024; 6:793-807. [PMID: 38783156 PMCID: PMC11238912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a conserved biological process, modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that leads to changes in life expectancy. In humans, ageing is characterized by greatly increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with impaired immune surveillance. Adipose tissue displays species-conserved, temporal changes with ageing, including redistribution from peripheral to central depots, loss of thermogenic capacity and expansion within the bone marrow. Adipose tissue is localized to discrete depots, and also diffusely distributed within multiple organs and tissues in direct proximity to specialized cells. Thus, through their potent endocrine properties, adipocytes are capable of modulating tissue and organ function throughout the body. In addition to adipocytes, multipotent progenitor/stem cells in adipose tissue play a crucial role in maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the lifetime. Adipose tissue may therefore be a central driver for organismal ageing and age-associated diseases. Here we review the features of adipose tissue during ageing, and discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes affect whole-body metabolism, immunity and longevity. We also explore the potential of adipose tissue-targeted therapies to ameliorate age-associated disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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2
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Nakashima H, Mochizuki J, Sasaki F, Itaya S, Fukushima Y, Iida T, Sakurai Y. Fatty-marrow transformation following radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer detected using dual-energy computed tomography: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:1697-1701. [PMID: 38384701 PMCID: PMC10877132 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone damage, a late side effect of radiotherapy, occurs concurrently with the replacement of fat cells in the bone marrow, causing changes in bone composition. Changes in composition can affect bone quality and disease states, and reduced bone mass can reduce quality of life by increasing the risk of fractures. A 70-year-old woman presented to the orthopedic outpatient clinic with the chief complaint of lower-back pain. The patient reported no history of trauma but was in great pain and had difficulty walking. Since the patient had a history of pancreatic cancer, tumor-marker testing, bone scintigraphy, and dual-energy computed tomography were performed. Although the tumor-marker levels were normal, dual-energy computed tomography and bone scintigraphy revealed fresh compression fractures of the L1 and L3 vertebrae. In addition, dual-energy computed tomography material-discrimination analysis suggested high fat density in the L2 vertebral body. The patient had received approximately 30 Gy radiation to the L2 vertebral body for her pancreatic cancer, which resulted in fatty myelination in the bone. The diagnosis of fatty myelination is made on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images; however, diagnosis remains challenging because of the difficulty in assessing bone morphology on magnetic resonance images. Moreover, some patients are not candidates for magnetic resonance imaging. Dual-energy computed tomography-based material-discrimination analysis can visually depict changes in the bone marrow, and is a valuable diagnostic tool owing to its simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nakashima
- Department of Medical Radiation Technology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Mochizuki
- Department of Radiology, Minamino Cardiovascular Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sasaki
- Department of Medical Radiation Technology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Itaya
- Department of Medical Radiation Technology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukushima
- Department of Radiation oncology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iida
- Department of Orthopedic, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Guimarães GC, Coelho JBC, Silva JGO, de Sant'Ana ACC, de Sá CAC, Moreno JM, Reis LM, de Oliveira Guimarães CS. Obesity, diabetes and risk of bone fragility: How BMAT behavior is affected by metabolic disturbances and its influence on bone health. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:575-588. [PMID: 38055051 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone strength and mass, which predisposes patients to fractures and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Like osteoporosis, obesity and diabetes are systemic metabolic diseases associated with modifiable risk factors and lifestyle, and their prevalence is increasing. They are related to decreased quality of life, functional loss and increased mortality, generating high costs for health systems and representing a worldwide public health problem. Growing evidence reinforces the role of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) as an influential factor in the bone microenvironment and systemic metabolism. Given the impact of obesity and diabetes on metabolism and their possible effect on the bone microenvironment, changes in BMAT behavior may explain the risk of developing osteoporosis in the presence of these comorbidities. METHODS This study reviewed the scientific literature on the behavior of BMAT in pathological metabolic conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, and its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of bone fragility. RESULTS Published data strongly suggest a relationship between increased BMAT adiposity and the risk of bone fragility in the context of obesity and diabetes. CONCLUSION By secreting a broad range of factors, BMAT modulates the bone microenvironment and metabolism, ultimately affecting skeletal health. A better understanding of the relationship between BMAT expansion and metabolic disturbances observed in diabetic and obese patients will help to identify regulatory pathways and new targets for the treatment of bone-related diseases, with BMAT as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Bosco Costa Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Júlia Marques Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Marçal Reis
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Souza de Oliveira Guimarães
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Câmpus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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El-Masri BM, Leka B, Mustapha F, Gundesen MT, Hinge M, Lund T, Andersen TL, Diaz-delCastillo M, Jafari A. Bone marrow adipocytes provide early sign for progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2024; 15:20-26. [PMID: 38227739 PMCID: PMC10791075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and is characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. In spite of recent advances in the field of MM, the disease has remained incurable. MM is preceded by a premalignant state known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), with a risk of progression to MM of 1% per year. Establishing a scalable approach that refines the identification of MGUS patients at high risk of progression to MM can transform the clinical management of the disease, improve the patient's quality of life, and will have significant socioeconomic implications. Here, we provide evidence that changes in the bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) provide an early sign for progression from MGUS to MM. We employed AI-assisted histological analysis of unstained bone marrow biopsies from MGUS subjects with or without progression to MM within 10 years (n = 24, n = 17 respectively). Although the BMAT fraction was not different between the two groups, bone marrow adipocyte (BMAd) density was decreased in MGUS patients who developed MM, compared to non-progressing MGUS patients. Importantly, the distribution profile for BMAd size and roundness was significantly different between the two groups, indicating a shift toward increased BMAd size and roundness in MGUS patients who developed MM. These early changes in the BMAT could serve as valuable early indicators for the transition from MGUS to MM, potentially enabling timely interventions and personalized treatment strategies. Finally, the AI-based approach for histological characterization of unstained bone marrow biopsies is cost-effective and fast, rendering its clinical implementation feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal M. El-Masri
- Danish Spatial Imaging Consortium (DanSIC)
- Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Bone Histology (MBH) Lab, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Benedeta Leka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fatima Mustapha
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Bone Histology (MBH) Lab, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Maja Hinge
- Department of Hematology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lund
- Department of Hematology Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andersen
- Danish Spatial Imaging Consortium (DanSIC)
- Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Bone Histology (MBH) Lab, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Bone Histology (MBH) Lab, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marta Diaz-delCastillo
- Danish Spatial Imaging Consortium (DanSIC)
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Bone Histology (MBH) Lab, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Ojala R, Hentilä J, Lietzén MS, Arponen M, Heiskanen MA, Honkala SM, Virtanen H, Koskensalo K, Lautamäki R, Löyttyniemi E, Parkkola R, Heinonen OJ, Malm T, Lahti L, Rinne J, Eskola O, Rajander J, Pietiläinen KH, Kaprio J, Ivaska KK, Hannukainen JC. Bone marrow metabolism is affected by body weight and response to exercise training varies according to anatomical location. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:251-261. [PMID: 37818602 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM High body weight is a protective factor against osteoporosis, but obesity also suppresses bone metabolism and whole-body insulin sensitivity. However, the impact of body weight and regular training on bone marrow (BM) glucose metabolism is unclear. We studied the effects of regular exercise training on bone and BM metabolism in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for body weight. METHODS We recruited 12 monozygotic twin pairs (mean ± SD age 40.4 ± 4.5 years; body mass index 32.9 ± 7.6, mean difference between co-twins 7.6 kg/m2 ; eight female pairs). Ten pairs completed the 6-month long training intervention. We measured lumbar vertebral and femoral BM insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) using 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography, lumbar spine bone mineral density and bone turnover markers. RESULTS At baseline, heavier co-twins had higher lumbar vertebral BM GU (p < .001) and lower bone turnover markers (all p < .01) compared with leaner co-twins but there was no significant difference in femoral BM GU, or bone mineral density. Training improved whole-body insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity (both p < .05) and femoral BM GU (p = .008). The training response in lumbar vertebral BM GU was different between the groups (time × group, p = .02), as GU tended to decrease in heavier co-twins (p = .06) while there was no change in leaner co-twins. CONCLUSIONS In this study, regular exercise training increases femoral BM GU regardless of weight and genetics. Interestingly, lumbar vertebral BM GU is higher in participants with higher body weight, and training counteracts this effect in heavier co-twins even without reduction in weight. These data suggest that BM metabolism is altered by physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Ojala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Milja Arponen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja A Heiskanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Healthy Weight Hub, Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa K Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Chen M, Cheng C, Peng H, Qi Y, Liu X, Cheng G, Zou C. Fatty Acids Composition of the Sacroiliac Joint in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Analysis Using 3.0 T Chemical Shift-Encoded MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 38050865 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a group of inflammatory diseases that may lead to ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint and spine. Fat lesion in the sacroiliac joint is an important feature in diagnosis and disease progression of axSpA. However, whether there is alteration of fatty acids (FAs) composition has not been investigated using MRI. PURPOSE To investigate bone marrow FA composition of the sacroiliac joint in patients with axSpA compared to controls. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Eighty five participants (mean age, 32.3 ± 6.1 years): 48 axSpA (25 male, 23 female) and 37 non-SpA controls (18 male, 19 female). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/Two multiple gradient-echo chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI which differed only in echo times (TEs) were scanned consecutively. ASSESSMENT Axial multi-echo CSE MRI was performed in the sacroiliac joints in vivo. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually placed on subchondral bone with and without fat lesion in axSpA patients, and on subchondral bone without fat lesion in controls. FA composition was computed within the ROIs using a nonlinear least square method from literature. STATISTICAL TESTS Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests. RESULTS In axSpA, male patients had significantly higher monounsaturated FA compared to controls in areas with fat lesion in the sacrum (+12%) and in the ilium (+9%), and in areas without fat lesion in the sacrum (+10%). Significantly lower polyunsaturated FAs were found in areas with fat lesion in the sacrum (-10%) and ilium (-11%), and lower saturated FAs were found in areas without fat lesion in the sacrum (-6%). In female, patients with axSpA had significantly higher saturated FAs in areas with fat lesion in the ilium (+7%) in comparison to controls. DATA CONCLUSION FA composition of the sacroiliac joint alters in patients with axSpA, and it can be detected using CSE MRI based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Radiology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanli Cheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Qi
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanxun Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zou
- Department of Radiology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Nikiforaki K, Marias K. MRI Methods to Visualize and Quantify Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3179. [PMID: 38137400 PMCID: PMC10740979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI is the modality of choice for a vast range of pathologies but also a sensitive probe into human physiology and tissue function. For this reason, several methodologies have been developed and continuously evolve in order to non-invasively monitor underlying phenomena in human adipose tissue that were difficult to assess in the past through visual inspection of standard imaging modalities. To this end, this work describes the imaging methodologies used in medical practice and lists the most important quantitative markers related to adipose tissue physiology and pathology that are currently supporting diagnosis, longitudinal evaluation and patient management decisions. The underlying physical principles and the resulting markers are presented and associated with frequently encountered pathologies in radiology in order to set the frame of the ability of MRI to reveal the complex role of adipose tissue, not as an inert tissue but as an active endocrine organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikiforaki
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Kostas Marias
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
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Tencerova M, Duque G, Beekman KM, Corsi A, Geurts J, Bisschop PH, Paccou J. The Impact of Interventional Weight Loss on Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in People Living with Obesity and Its Connection to Bone Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:4601. [PMID: 37960254 PMCID: PMC10650495 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on providing physicians with insights into the complex relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) and bone health, in the context of weight loss through caloric restriction or metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), in people living with obesity (PwO). We summarize the complex relationship between BMAT and bone health, provide an overview of noninvasive imaging techniques to quantify human BMAT, and discuss clinical studies measuring BMAT in PwO before and after weight loss. The relationship between BMAT and bone is subject to variations based on factors such as age, sex, menopausal status, skeletal sites, nutritional status, and metabolic conditions. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) recommends standardizing imaging protocols to increase comparability across studies and sites, they have identified both water-fat imaging (WFI) and spectroscopy (1H-MRS) as accepted standards for in vivo quantification of BMAT. Clinical studies measuring BMAT in PwO are limited and have shown contradictory results. However, BMAT tends to be higher in patients with the highest visceral adiposity, and inverse associations between BMAT and bone mineral density (BMD) have been consistently found in PwO. Furthermore, BMAT levels tend to decrease after caloric restriction-induced weight loss. Although weight loss was associated with overall fat loss, a reduction in BMAT did not always follow the changes in fat volume in other tissues. The effects of MBS on BMAT are not consistent among the studies, which is at least partly related to the differences in the study population, skeletal site, and duration of the follow-up. Overall, gastric bypass appears to decrease BMAT, particularly in patients with diabetes and postmenopausal women, whereas sleeve gastrectomy appears to increase BMAT. More research is necessary to evaluate changes in BMAT and its connection to bone metabolism, either in PwO or in cases of weight loss through caloric restriction or MBS, to better understand the role of BMAT in this context and determine the local or systemic factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Kerensa M. Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Peter H. Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, MABLab ULR 4490, CHU Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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9
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Beekman KM, Duque G, Corsi A, Tencerova M, Bisschop PH, Paccou J. Osteoporosis and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:45-55. [PMID: 36534306 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the recent findings regarding bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) concerning bone health. We summarize the variations in BMAT in relation to age, sex, and skeletal sites, and provide an update on noninvasive imaging techniques to quantify human BMAT. Next, we discuss the role of BMAT in patients with osteoporosis and interventions that affect BMAT. RECENT FINDINGS There are wide individual variations with region-specific fluctuation and age- and gender-specific differences in BMAT content and composition. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) recommendations aim to standardize imaging protocols to increase comparability across studies and sites. Water-fat imaging (WFI) seems an accurate and efficient alternative for spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Most studies indicate that greater BMAT is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of vertebral fractures. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and changes in lipid composition have been associated with an increased risk of fractures independently of BMD. Therefore, PDFF and lipid composition could potentially be future imaging biomarkers for assessing fracture risk. Evidence of the inhibitory effect of osteoporosis treatments on BMAT is still limited to a few randomized controlled trials. Moreover, results from the FRAME biopsy sub-study highlight contradictory findings on the effect of the sclerostin antibody romosozumab on BMAT. Further understanding of the role(s) of BMAT will provide insight into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and may lead to targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa M Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, MABLaB ULR 4490, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France.
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Boulet N, Briot A, Galitzky J, Bouloumié A. The Sexual Dimorphism of Human Adipose Depots. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2615. [PMID: 36289874 PMCID: PMC9599294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The amount and the distribution of body fat exhibit trajectories that are sex- and human species-specific and both are determinants for health. The enhanced accumulation of fat in the truncal part of the body as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is well supported by epidemiological studies. In addition, a possible independent protective role of the gluteofemoral fat compartment and of the brown adipose tissue is emerging. The present narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on sexual dimorphism in fat depot amount and repartition and consequences on cardiometabolic and reproductive health. The drivers of the sex differences and fat depot repartition, considered to be the results of complex interactions between sex determination pathways determined by the sex chromosome composition, genetic variability, sex hormones and the environment, are discussed. Finally, the inter- and intra-depot heterogeneity in adipocytes and progenitors, emphasized recently by unbiased large-scale approaches, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Bouloumié
- Inserm, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Team 1, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, F-31432 Toulouse, France
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11
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Tratwal J, Falgayrac G, During A, Bertheaume N, Bataclan C, Tavakol DN, Campos V, Duponchel L, Daley GQ, Penel G, Chauveau C, Naveiras O. Raman microspectroscopy reveals unsaturation heterogeneity at the lipid droplet level and validates an in vitro model of bone marrow adipocyte subtypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001210. [PMID: 36506047 PMCID: PMC9727239 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) constitute the most abundant stromal component of adult human bone marrow. Two subtypes of BMAds have been described, the more labile regulated adipocytes (rBMAds) and the more stable constitutive adipocytes (cBMAds), which develop earlier in life and are more resilient to environmental and metabolic disruptions. In vivo, rBMAds are enriched in saturated fatty acids, contain smaller lipid droplets (LDs) and more readily provide hematopoietic support than their cBMAd counterparts. Mouse models have been used for BMAds research, but isolation of primary BMAds presents many challenges, and thus in vitro models remain the current standard to study nuances of adipocyte differentiation. No in vitro model has yet been described for the study of rBMAds/cBMAds. Here, we present an in vitro model of BM adipogenesis with differential rBMAd and cBMAd-like characteristics. We used OP9 BM stromal cells derived from a (C57BL/6xC3H)F2-op/op mouse, which have been extensively characterized as feeder layer for hematopoiesis research. We observed similar canonical adipogenesis transcriptional signatures for spontaneously-differentiated (sOP9) and induced (iOP9) cultures, while fatty acid composition and desaturase expression of Scd1 and Fads2 differed at the population level. To resolve differences at the single adipocyte level we tested Raman microspectroscopy and show it constitutes a high-resolution method for studying adipogenesis in vitro in a label-free manner, with resolution to individual LDs. We found sOP9 adipocytes have lower unsaturation ratios, smaller LDs and higher hematopoietic support than iOP9 adipocytes, thus functionally resembling rBMAds, while iOP9 more closely resembled cBMAds. Validation in human primary samples confirmed a higher unsaturation ratio for lipids extracted from stable cBMAd-rich sites (femoral head upon hip-replacement surgery) versus labile rBMAds (iliac crest after chemotherapy). As a result, the 16:1/16:0 fatty acid unsaturation ratio, which was already shown to discriminate BMAd subtypes in rabbit and rat marrow, was validated to discriminate cBMAds from rBMAd in both the OP9 model in vitro system and in human samples. We expect our model will be useful for cBMAd and rBMAd studies, particularly where isolation of primary BMAds is a limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Falgayrac
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Alexandrine During
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Bertheaume
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Charles Bataclan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel N. Tavakol
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRe - Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille, France
| | - George Q. Daley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Olaia Naveiras,
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