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Stickel KC, Shah NR, Claeboe ET, Orr KS, Mosley AL, Doud EH, Belecky-Adams TL, Baucum AJ. Mechanisms of spinophilin-dependent pancreas dysregulation in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E155-E171. [PMID: 38630048 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00099.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Spinophilin is an F-actin binding and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting protein that acts as a scaffold of PP1 to its substrates. Spinophilin knockout (Spino-/-) mice have decreased fat mass, increased lean mass, and improved glucose tolerance, with no difference in feeding behaviors. Although spinophilin is enriched in neurons, its roles in nonneuronal tissues, such as β cells of the pancreatic islets, are unclear. We have corroborated and expanded upon previous studies to determine that Spino-/- mice have decreased weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in two different models of obesity. We have identified multiple putative spinophilin-interacting proteins isolated from intact pancreas and observed increased interactions of spinophilin with exocrine, ribosomal, and cytoskeletal protein classes that normally act to mediate peptide hormone production, processing, and/or release in Leprdb/db and/or high-fat diet-fed (HFF) models of obesity. In addition, we have found that spinophilin interacts with proteins from similar classes in isolated islets, suggesting a role for spinophilin in the pancreatic islet. Consistent with a pancreatic β cell type-specific role for spinophilin, using our recently described conditional spinophilin knockout mice, we found that loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic β cells improved glucose tolerance without impacting body weight in chow-fed mice. Our data further support the role of spinophilin in mediating pathophysiological changes in body weight and whole body metabolism associated with obesity. Our data provide the first evidence that pancreatic spinophilin protein interactions are modulated by obesity and that loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic β cells impacts whole body glucose tolerance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, these data are the first to demonstrate that obesity impacts spinophilin protein interactions in the pancreas and identify spinophilin specifically in pancreatic β cells as a modulator of whole body glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn C Stickel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Nikhil R Shah
- Medical Neurosciences and Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Emily T Claeboe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Kara S Orr
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Emma H Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Teri L Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Anthony J Baucum
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Savulescu-Fiedler I, Mihalcea R, Dragosloveanu S, Scheau C, Baz RO, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Caruntu C, Benea SN. The Interplay between Obesity and Inflammation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:856. [PMID: 39063610 PMCID: PMC11277997 DOI: 10.3390/life14070856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important condition affecting the quality of life of numerous patients and increasing their associated risk for multiple diseases, including tumors and immune-mediated disorders. Inflammation appears to play a major role in the development of obesity and represents a central point for the activity of cellular and humoral components in the adipose tissue. Macrophages play a key role as the main cellular component of the adipose tissue regulating the chronic inflammation and modulating the secretion and differentiation of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation also involves a series of signaling pathways that might represent the focus for new therapies and interventions. Weight loss is essential in decreasing cardiometabolic risks and the degree of associated inflammation; however, the latter can persist for long after the excess weight is lost, and can involve changes in macrophage phenotypes that can ensure the metabolic adjustment. A clear understanding of the pathophysiological processes in the adipose tissue and the interplay between obesity and chronic inflammation can lead to a better understanding of the development of comorbidities and may ensure future targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Mihalcea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Octavian Baz
- Clinical Laboratory of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Nicolae Benea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
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Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083191. [PMID: 36936928 PMCID: PMC10019896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the adipose tissue (AT) is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, it is also an important endocrine and immunological organ. As an endocrine organ, AT secretes a variety of bioactive peptides known as adipokines - some of which have inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. As an immunological organ, AT contains a broad spectrum of innate and adaptive immune cells that have mostly been studied in the context of obesity. However, overwhelming evidence supports the notion that AT is a genuine immunological effector site, which contains all cell subsets required to induce and generate specific and effective immune responses against pathogens. Indeed, AT was reported to be an immune reservoir in the host's response to infection, and a site of parasitic, bacterial and viral infections. In addition, besides AT's immune cells, preadipocytes and adipocytes were shown to express innate immune receptors, and adipocytes were reported as antigen-presenting cells to regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of AT and AT's immune system in host defense against pathogens. First, we will summarize the main characteristics of AT: type, distribution, function, and extraordinary plasticity. Second, we will describe the intimate contact AT has with lymph nodes and vessels, and AT immune cell composition. Finally, we will present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current research on the contribution of AT to host defense against pathogens, including the respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
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Expression Profile of Housekeeping Genes and Tissue-Specific Genes in Multiple Tissues of Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243539. [PMID: 36552460 PMCID: PMC9774903 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs have become an ideal model system for human disease research and development and an important farm animal that provides a valuable source of nutrition. To profile the all-sided gene expression and their biological functions across multiple tissues, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of gene expression on a large scale around the side of housekeeping genes (HKGs), tissue specific genes (TSGs), and the co-expressed genes in 14 various tissues. In this study, we identified 2351 HKGs and 3018 TSGs across tissues, among which 4 HKGs (COX1, UBB, OAZ1/NPFF) exhibited low variation and high expression levels, and 31 particular TSGs (e.g., PDC, FKBP6, STAT2, and COL1A1) were exclusively expressed in several tissues, including endocrine brain, ovaries, livers, backfat, jejunum, kidneys, lungs, and longissimus dorsi muscles. We also obtained 17 modules with 230 hub genes (HUBGs) by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. On the other hand, HKGs functions were enriched in the signaling pathways of the ribosome, spliceosome, thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport, which have been highly suggested to involve in the basic biological tissue activities. While TSGs were highly enriched in the signaling pathways that were involved in specific physiological processes, such as the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway in ovaries and the renin-angiotensin system pathway in kidneys. Collectively, these stable, specifical, and co-expressed genes provided useful information for the investigation of the molecular mechanism for an understanding of the genetic and biological processes of complex traits in pigs.
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