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Jurca AD, Galea-Holhos LB, Jurca AA, Atasie D, Petchesi CD, Severin E, Jurca CM. Wolfram Syndrome Type I Case Report and Review-Focus on Early Diagnosis and Genetic Variants. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1064. [PMID: 39064493 PMCID: PMC11278941 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Wolfram syndrome type 1 (OMIM# 222300; ORPHAcode 3463) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive syndrome with a 25% recurrence risk in children. It is characterized by the presence of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), progressive optic atrophy (OA), diabetes insipidus (DI), and sensorineural deafness (D), often referred to by the acronym DIDMOAD. It is a severe neurodegenerative disease with a life expectancy of 39 years, with death occurring due to cerebral atrophy. For a positive diagnosis, the presence of diabetes mellitus and optic nerve atrophy is sufficient. The disease occurs because of pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene. The aim of this article is to present a case report of Wolfram Syndrome Type I, alongside a review of genetic variants, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy, and long-term management. Emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach, the study aims to enhance understanding and improve outcomes for patients with this complex syndrome. Materials and Methods: A case of a 28-year-old patient diagnosed with DM at the age of 6 and with progressive optic atrophy at 26 years old is presented. Molecular diagnosis revealed the presence of a heterozygous nonsense variant WFS1 c.1943G>A (p.Trp648*), and a heterozygous missense variant WFS1 c.1675G>C (p.Ala559Pro). Results: The molecular diagnosis of the patient confirmed the presence of a heterozygous nonsense variant and a heterozygous missense variant in the WFS1 gene, correlating with the clinical presentation of Wolfram syndrome type 1. Both allelic variants found in our patient have been previously described in other patients, whilst this combination has not been described before. Conclusions: This case report and review underscores the critical role of early recognition and diagnosis in Wolfram syndrome, facilitated by genetic testing. By identifying pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, genetic testing not only confirms diagnosis but also guides clinical management and informs genetic counseling for affected families. Timely intervention based on genetic insights can potentially reduce the progressive multisystem manifestations of the syndrome, thereby improving the quality of life and outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Daniel Jurca
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410081 Oradea, Romania; (A.D.J.); (C.D.P.); (C.M.J.)
| | - Larisa Bianca Galea-Holhos
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410081 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Diter Atasie
- Departament II Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University “Lucian Blaga of Sibiu”, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Codruta Diana Petchesi
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410081 Oradea, Romania; (A.D.J.); (C.D.P.); (C.M.J.)
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Bihor, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Oradea (Part of ERN-ITHACA), 410469 Oradea, Romania
| | - Emilia Severin
- Genetics Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020027 Bucharest, District 2, Romania
| | - Claudia Maria Jurca
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410081 Oradea, Romania; (A.D.J.); (C.D.P.); (C.M.J.)
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Bihor, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Oradea (Part of ERN-ITHACA), 410469 Oradea, Romania
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2
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Dobson JR, Jacobson DA. Disrupted Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Handling: A Harβinger of β-Cell Failure. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:379. [PMID: 38927260 PMCID: PMC11200644 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The β-cell workload increases in the setting of insulin resistance and reduced β-cell mass, which occurs in type 2 and type 1 diabetes, respectively. The prolonged elevation of insulin production and secretion during the pathogenesis of diabetes results in β-cell ER stress. The depletion of β-cell Ca2+ER during ER stress activates the unfolded protein response, leading to β-cell dysfunction. Ca2+ER is involved in many pathways that are critical to β-cell function, such as protein processing, tuning organelle and cytosolic Ca2+ handling, and modulating lipid homeostasis. Mutations that promote β-cell ER stress and deplete Ca2+ER stores are associated with or cause diabetes (e.g., mutations in ryanodine receptors and insulin). Thus, improving β-cell Ca2+ER handling and reducing ER stress under diabetogenic conditions could preserve β-cell function and delay or prevent the onset of diabetes. This review focuses on how mechanisms that control β-cell Ca2+ER are perturbed during the pathogenesis of diabetes and contribute to β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
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Yeo XY, Kwon S, Rinai KR, Lee S, Jung S, Park R. A Consolidated Understanding of the Contribution of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Hearing Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:598. [PMID: 38790703 PMCID: PMC11118506 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hearing impairment is multifactorial, with contributions from both genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic studies have yielded valuable insights into the development and function of the auditory system, the contribution of gene products and their interaction with alternate environmental factors for the maintenance and development of auditory function requires further elaboration. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of redox dysregulation as the converging factor between genetic and environmental factor-dependent development of hearing loss, with a focus on understanding the interaction of oxidative stress with the physical components of the peripheral auditory system in auditory disfunction. The potential involvement of molecular factors linked to auditory function in driving redox imbalance is an important promoter of the development of hearing loss over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Yeo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soohyun Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimberley R. Rinai
- Department of Life Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungsu Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea;
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Muñoz García A, Juksar J, Groen N, Zaldumbide A, de Koning E, Carlotti F. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals a role for pancreatic duct cells as potential mediators of inflammation in diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381319. [PMID: 38742118 PMCID: PMC11089191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation of the pancreas contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus. Although it is well-accepted that local inflammation leads to a progressive loss of functional beta cell mass that eventually causes the onset of the disease, the development of islet inflammation remains unclear. Methods Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the cell type-specific molecular response of primary human pancreatic cells exposed to an inflammatory environment. Results We identified a duct subpopulation presenting a unique proinflammatory signature among all pancreatic cell types. Discussion Overall, the findings of this study point towards a role for duct cells in the propagation of islet inflammation, and in immune cell recruitment and activation, which are key steps in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Muñoz García
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Juri Juksar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Groen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eelco de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Park SG, Keller A, Kaiser NK, Bruce JE. Interactome dynamics during heat stress signal transmission and reception. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591712. [PMID: 38746244 PMCID: PMC11092488 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Among evolved molecular mechanisms, cellular stress response to altered environmental conditions to promote survival is among the most fundamental. The presence of stress-induced unfolded or misfolded proteins and molecular registration of these events constitute early steps in cellular stress response. However, what stress-induced changes in protein conformations and protein-protein interactions within cells initiate stress response and how these features are recognized by cellular systems are questions that have remained difficult to answer, requiring new approaches. Quantitative in vivo chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry (qXL-MS) is an emerging technology that provides new insight on protein conformations, protein-protein interactions and how the interactome changes during perturbation within cells, organelles, and even tissues. In this work, qXL-MS and quantitative proteome analyses were applied to identify significant time-dependent interactome changes that occur prior to large-scale proteome abundance remodeling within cells subjected to heat stress. Interactome changes were identified within minutes of applied heat stress, including stress-induced changes in chaperone systems as expected due to altered functional demand. However, global analysis of all interactome changes revealed the largest significant enrichment in the gene ontology molecular function term of RNA binding. This group included more than 100 proteins among multiple components of protein synthesis machinery, including mRNA binding, spliceosomes, and ribosomes. These interactome data provide new conformational insight on the complex relationship that exists between transcription, translation and cellular stress response mechanisms. Moreover, stress-dependent interactome changes suggest that in addition to conformational stabilization of RNA-binding proteins, adaptation of RNA as interacting ligands offers an additional fitness benefit resultant from generally lower RNA thermal stability. As such, RNA ligands also serve as fundamental temperature sensors that signal stress through decreased conformational regulation of their protein partners as was observed in these interactome dynamics.
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Morikawa S, Tanabe K, Kaneko N, Hishimura N, Nakamura A. Comprehensive overview of disease models for Wolfram syndrome: toward effective treatments. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:1-12. [PMID: 38351344 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (OMIM 222300) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with a devastating array of symptoms, including diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, hearing loss, and neurological dysfunction. The discovery of the causative gene, WFS1, has propelled research on this disease. However, a comprehensive understanding of the function of WFS1 remains unknown, making the development of effective treatment a pressing challenge. To bridge these knowledge gaps, disease models for Wolfram syndrome are indispensable, and understanding the characteristics of each model is critical. This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge regarding WFS1 function and offer a comprehensive overview of established disease models for Wolfram syndrome, covering animal models such as mice, rats, flies, and zebrafish, along with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human cellular models. These models replicate key aspects of Wolfram syndrome, contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and providing a platform for discovering potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Morikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Haematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Naoya Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Jagomäe T, Gaur N, Seppa K, Reimets R, Pastak M, Plaas M, Kaasik A, Vasar E, Plaas M. Treatment with the dual-incretin agonist DA-CH5 demonstrates potent therapeutic effect in a rat model of Wolfram Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1234925. [PMID: 37900147 PMCID: PMC10611518 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1234925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a rare condition caused by mutations in Wfs1, with a poor prognosis and no cure. Mono-agonists targeting the incretin glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) have demonstrated disease-modifying potential in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Dual agonists that target GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP-1) are reportedly more efficacious; hence, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of dual incretin agonism in a loss-of-function rat model of WS. Methods Eight-month-old Wfs1 knock-out (KO) and wild-type control rats were continuously treated with either the dual agonist DA-CH5 or saline for four months. Glycemic profile, visual acuity and hearing sensitivity were longitudinally monitored pre-treatment, and then at 10.5 and 12 months. Pancreata and retina were harvested for immunohistological analysis. Results DA-CH5 therapy reversed glucose intolerance in KO rats and provided lasting anti-diabetogenic protection. Treatment also reversed intra-islet alterations, including reduced endocrine islet area and β-cell density, indicating its regenerative potential. Although no rescue effect was noted for hearing loss, visual acuity and retinal ganglion cell density were better preserved in DA-CH5-treated rats. Conclusion We present preclinical evidence for the pleiotropic therapeutic effects of long-term dual incretin agonist treatment; effects were seen despite treatment beginning after symptom-onset, indicating reversal of disease progression. Dual incretins represent a promising therapeutic avenue for WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Jagomäe
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nayana Gaur
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Seppa
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riin Reimets
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marko Pastak
- Eye Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Plaas
- Ear Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Allen Kaasik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Plaas
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Hammad MM, Abu-Farha M, Hebbar P, Anoop E, Chandy B, Melhem M, Channanath A, Al-Mulla F, Thanaraj TA, Abubaker J. The miR-668 binding site variant rs1046322 on WFS1 is associated with obesity in Southeast Asians. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185956. [PMID: 37859980 PMCID: PMC10583568 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wolfram syndrome 1 gene (WFS1) is the main causative locus for Wolfram syndrome, an inherited condition characterized by childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness. Global genome-wide association studies have listed at least 19 WFS1 variants that are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic traits. It has been suggested that miRNA binding sites on WFS1 play a critical role in the regulation of the wolframin protein, and loss of WFS1 function may lead to the pathogenesis of diabetes. In the Hungarian population, it was observed that a 3' UTR variant from WFS1, namely rs1046322, influenced the affinity of miR-668 to WFS1 mRNA, and showed a strong association with T2D. In this study, we genotyped a large cohort of 2067 individuals of different ethnicities residing in Kuwait for the WFS1 rs1046322 polymorphism. The cohort included 362 Southeast Asians (SEA), 1045 Arabs, and 660 South Asians (SA). Upon performing genetic association tests, we observed significant associations between the rs1046322 SNP and obesity traits in the SEA population, but not in the Arab or SA populations. The associated traits in SEA cohort were body mass index, BMI (β=1.562, P-value=0.0035, Pemp=0.0072), waist circumference, WC (β=3.163, P-value=0.0197, Pemp=0.0388) and triglyceride, TGL (β=0.224, P-value=0.0340). The association with BMI remained statistically significant even after multiple testing correction. Among the SEA individuals, carriers of the effect allele at the SNP had significantly higher BMI [mean of 27.63 (3.6) Kg/m2], WC [mean of 89.9 (8.1) cm], and TGL levels [mean of 1.672 (0.8) mmol/l] than non-carriers of the effect allele. Our findings suggest a role for WFS1 in obesity, which is a risk factor for diabetes. The study also emphasizes the significant role the ethnic background may play in determining the effect of genetic variants on susceptibility to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Emil Anoop
- Special Service Facility Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Betty Chandy
- Special Service Facility Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Motasem Melhem
- Special Service Facility Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Arshad Channanath
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
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Wang Q, Li H, Lu H, Wang S, Li Y, Zhang Z, Han J, Yang Z, Yang Y, Hong Y. SAA1 exacerbates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction through activation of NF-κB signaling in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 576:112043. [PMID: 37574124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient decompensated insulin secretion and insulin resistance caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction are the pathological bases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucolipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells is an important factor leading to their dysfunction, closely related to inflammatory signals, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). However, there may be other unproven regulatory mechanisms that govern pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Therefore, further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that lead to pancreatic β-cells dysfunction will provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the more effective prevention and treatment of T2DM. As a stress protein with pro-inflammatory properties, Serum Amyloid 1 (SAA1) promotes the progression of metabolic syndrome-related diseases by activating immune cells and damaging endothelial cells. In the development of T2DM, the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling aggravates pancreatic β-cells dysfunction under the stimulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), inflammatory factors, and chemokines. Moreover, the facilitating effect of SAA1 on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway has been demonstrated in other studies. In the present study, we demonstrated that SAA1 inhibits insulin secretion and promotes apoptotic molecular expression in pancreatic cells and islets and that NF-κB signaling inhibitors could reduce this effect of SAA1. SAA1 deficiency improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and decreased expression of NF-κB signaling molecules. Our findings suggested that HFD-induced SAA1 might exacerbate T2DM by enhancing pancreatic β-cell dysfunction; such a function of SAA1 might depend on NF-κB signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Henghao Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhenfen Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China.
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Li M, Popovic N, Wang Y, Chen C, Polychronakos C. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic diabetes; a challenge but also an opportunity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:673-684. [PMID: 37165203 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (MFD) account for about 3% of all diabetes, and their accurate diagnosis often results in life-changing therapeutic reassignment for the patients. Like other Mendelian diseases, reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are often seen in several different types of MFD, where symptoms develop only in a portion of the persons who carry the pathogenic variant or vary widely in symptom severity and age of onset. This complicates diagnosis and disease management in MFD. In addition to its clinical importance, knowledge of genetic modifiers that confer penetrance and expressivity variability opens possibilities to identify protective genetic variants which may help probe the mechanisms of more common forms of diabetes and shed light in new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will mainly address penetrance and expressivity variation in different types of MFD, factors that confer such variations and opportunities that come with such knowledge. Related literature was searched in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Papers with publication year from 1974 to 2023 are included. Data are either sourced from literatures or from OMIM, Clinvar and 1000 genome browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Li
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China.
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Department of Endorinology, Maoming People's Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Montreal Children's Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, China
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
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Panfili E, Frontino G, Pallotta MT. GLP-1 receptor agonists as promising disease-modifying agents in WFS1 spectrum disorder. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1171091. [PMID: 37333802 PMCID: PMC10275359 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1171091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
WFS1 spectrum disorder (WFS1-SD) is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disorder whose cardinal symptoms are childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus, and neurological signs ranging from mild to severe. The prognosis is poor as most patients die prematurely with severe neurological disabilities such as bulbar dysfunction and organic brain syndrome. Mutation of the WFS1 gene is recognized as the prime mover of the disease and responsible for a dysregulated ER stress signaling, which leads to neuron and pancreatic β-cell death. There is no currently cure and no treatment that definitively arrests the progression of the disease. GLP-1 receptor agonists appear to be an efficient way to reduce elevated ER stress in vitro and in vivo, and increasing findings suggest they could be effective in delaying the progression of WFS1-SD. Here, we summarize the characteristics of GLP-1 receptor agonists and preclinical and clinical data obtained by testing them in WFS1-SD as a feasible strategy for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Frontino
- Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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Su Q, Yuan F, Li X, Wang X, Yang K, Shao L, Li W. Wfs1 loss-of-function disrupts the composition of mouse pancreatic endocrine cells from birth and impairs Glut2 localization to cytomembrane in pancreatic β cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 658:80-87. [PMID: 37027908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Wfs1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane located protein highly expressed in pancreatic β cells and brain. Wfs1 deficiency causes adult pancreatic β cells dysfunction following β cells apoptosis. Previous studies mainly focus on the Wfs1 function in adult mouse pancreatic β cells. However, whether Wfs1 loss-of-function impairs mouse pancreatic β cell from its early development is unknown. In our study, Wfs1 deficiency disrupts the composition of mouse pancreatic endocrine cells from early postnatal day 0 (P0) to 8 weeks old, with decreased percentage of β cells and increased percentage of α and δ cells. Meanwhile, Wfs1 loss-of-function leads to reduced intracellular insulin content. Notably, Wfs1 deficiency impairs Glut2 localization and causes the accumulation of Glut2 in mouse pancreatic β cell cytoplasm. In Wfs1-deficient mice, glucose homeostasis is disturbed from early 3 weeks old to 8 weeks old. This work reveals that Wfs1 is significantly required for the composition of pancreatic endocrine cells and is essential for Glut2 localization in mouse pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kaijiang Yang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of VIP Clinic, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 1800 Yuntai Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Weida Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Reg-Verse Therapeutics (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Serbis A, Rallis D, Giapros V, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Siomou E. Wolfram Syndrome 1: A Pediatrician's and Pediatric Endocrinologist's Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043690. [PMID: 36835101 PMCID: PMC9960967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in WFS1 and WFS2 genes that produce wolframin, a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and cellular apoptosis. Its main clinical features are diabetes insipidus (DI), early-onset non-autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM), gradual loss of vision due to optic atrophy (OA) and deafness (D), hence the acronym DIDMOAD. Several other features from different systems have been reported such as urinary tract, neurological, and psychiatric abnormalities. In addition, endocrine disorders that can appear during childhood and adolescence include primary gonadal atrophy and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in males and menstrual cycle abnormalities in females. Further, anterior pituitary dysfunction with deficient GH and/or ACTH production have been described. Despite the lack of specific treatment for the disease and its poor life expectancy, early diagnosis and supportive care is important for timely identifying and adequately managing its progressive symptoms. The current narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology and the clinical features of the disease, with a special emphasis on its endocrine abnormalities that appear during childhood and adolescence. Further, therapeutic interventions that have been proven to be effective in the management of WS1 endocrine complications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Serbis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Dimitrios Rallis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Giapros
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition ameliorated WFS1 expression alterations and reduced pancreatic islets' insulin secretion induced by high-fat diet in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1860. [PMID: 36725880 PMCID: PMC9892558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the development of glucose homeostasis impairment. When ER stress occurs, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to cope with it. One of the UPR components is WFS1 (Wolfram syndrome 1), which plays important roles in ER homeostasis and pancreatic islets glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Accordingly and considering that feeding high-fat food has a major contribution in metabolic disorders, this study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of pancreatic ER stress in glucose metabolism impairment induced by feeding high-fat diet (HFD) in male rats. After weaning, the rats were divided into six groups, and fed on normal diet and HFD for 20 weeks, then 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA, an ER stress inhibitor) was administered. Subsequently, in all groups, after performing glucose tolerance test, the animals were dissected and their pancreases were removed to extract ER, islets isolation and assessment of GSIS. Moreover, the pancreatic ER stress [binding of immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)] and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase] biomarkers as well as WFS1 expression level were evaluated. HFD decreased pancreatic WFS1 protein and GSH levels, and enhanced pancreatic catalase activity, MDA content, BIP and CHOP protein and mRNA levels as well as Wfs1 mRNA amount. Accordingly, it increased BIP, CHOP and WFS1 protein levels in the extracted ER of pancreas. In addition, the HFD caused glucose intolerance, and decreased the islets' GSIS and insulin content. However, 4-PBA administration restored the alterations. It seems that, HFD consumption through inducing pancreatic ER stress, altered WFS1 expression levels, reduced the islets' GSIS and insulin content and finally impaired glucose homeostasis.
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The Role of ER Stress in Diabetes: Exploring Pathological Mechanisms Using Wolfram Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010230. [PMID: 36613674 PMCID: PMC9820298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cytosolic organelle that plays an essential role in the folding and processing of new secretory proteins, including insulin. The pathogenesis of diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders caused by dysfunctional insulin secretion (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or insulin sensitivity (Type 2 diabetes, T2DM), is known to involve the excess accumulation of "poorly folded proteins", namely, the induction of pathogenic ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. ER stress is known to contribute to the dysfunction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. T1DM and T2DM are multifactorial diseases, especially T2DM; both environmental and genetic factors are involved in their pathogenesis, making it difficult to create experimental disease models. In recent years, however, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and other regenerative technologies has greatly expanded research capabilities, leading to the development of new candidate therapies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism by which dysregulated ER stress responses contribute to T2DM pathogenesis. Moreover, we describe new treatment methods targeting protein folding and ER stress pathways with a particular focus on pivotal studies of Wolfram syndrome, a monogenic form of syndromic diabetes caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, which also leads to ER dysfunction.
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García-Aguilar A, Guillén C. Targeting pancreatic beta cell death in type 2 diabetes by polyphenols. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1052317. [PMID: 36465657 PMCID: PMC9712222 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1052317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a very complex disease which is characterized by the appearance of insulin resistance that is primarily compensated by an increase in pancreatic beta cell mass, generating hyperinsulinemia. After time, pancreatic beta cells die by apoptosis appearing in the second phase of the disease, and characterized by hypoinsulinemia. There are multiple conditions that can alter pancreatic beta cell homeostasis and viability, being the most relevant ones; ER stress, cytotoxicity by amylin, mTORC1 hyperactivity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and alterations in autophagy/mitophagy flux. In addition, the possible effects that different polyphenols could exert in the modulation of these mechanisms and regulating pancreatic beta cell viability are analyzed. It is necessary a profound analysis and understanding of all the possible mechanisms involved in the control and maintenance of pancreatic beta cell viability to develop more accurate and target treatments for controlling beta cell homeostasis and preventing or even reversing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Guillén
- Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Guillén,
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You S, Zheng J, Chen Y, Huang H. Research progress on the mechanism of beta-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:976465. [PMID: 36060972 PMCID: PMC9434279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.976465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is regarded as one of the most severe chronic metabolic diseases worldwide, which poses a great threat to human safety and health. The main feature of T2DM is the deterioration of pancreatic beta-cell function. More and more studies have shown that the decline of pancreatic beta-cell function in T2DM can be attributable to beta-cell apoptosis, but the exact mechanisms of beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM are not yet fully clarified. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the current status and progress of research on the mechanism of pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM, to provide new ideas for T2DM treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuFang You
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - JingYi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - YuPing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - HuiBin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: HuiBin Huang,
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