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Yang T, Qi F, Guo F, Shao M, Song Y, Ren G, Linlin Z, Qin G, Zhao Y. An update on chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies with a focus on metabolic memory. Mol Med 2024; 30:71. [PMID: 38797859 PMCID: PMC11128119 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease, often leads to numerous chronic complications, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality rates. High glucose levels trigger epigenetic modifications linked to pathophysiological processes like inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence and various kinds of cell death. Despite glycemic control, transient hyperglycemia can persistently harm organs, tissues, and cells, a latent effect termed "metabolic memory" that contributes to chronic diabetic complications. Understanding metabolic memory's mechanisms could offer a new approach to mitigating these complications. However, key molecules and networks underlying metabolic memory remain incompletely understood. This review traces the history of metabolic memory research, highlights its key features, discusses recent molecules involved in its mechanisms, and summarizes confirmed and potential therapeutic compounds. Additionally, we outline in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic memory. We hope this work will inform future research on metabolic memory's regulatory mechanisms and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic compounds to prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyue Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingwei Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Gaofei Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhao Linlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Qin B, Peng Q, Dong H, Lei L, Wu S. Non-coding RNAs in diabetic foot ulcer- a focus on infected wounds. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3740. [PMID: 37839046 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of neuropathies, vasculopathies, and immunopathies, resulting in many complications. More than 30% of diabetic patients risk developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play essential roles in various biological functions in the hyperglycaemic environment that determines the development of DFU. Ulceration results in tissue breakdown and skin barrier scavenging, thereby facilitating bacterial infection and biofilm formation. Many bacteria contribute to diabetic foot infection (DFI), including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) et al. A heterogeneous group of "ncRNAs," termed small RNAs (sRNAs), powerfully regulates biofilm formation and DFI healing. Multidisciplinary foot care interventions have been identified for nonhealing ulcers. With an appreciation of the link between disease processes and ncRNAs, a novel therapeutic model of bioactive materials loaded with ncRNAs has been developed to prevent and manage diabetic foot complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boquan Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Farrim MI, Gomes A, Milenkovic D, Menezes R. Gene expression analysis reveals diabetes-related gene signatures. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:16. [PMID: 38326874 PMCID: PMC10851551 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a spectrum of metabolic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. The loss of pancreatic β-cell mass by either autoimmune destruction or apoptosis, in type 1-diabetes (T1D) and type 2-diabetes (T2D), respectively, represents a pathophysiological process leading to insulin deficiency. Therefore, therapeutic strategies focusing on restoring β-cell mass and β-cell insulin secretory capacity may impact disease management. This study took advantage of powerful integrative bioinformatic tools to scrutinize publicly available diabetes-associated gene expression data to unveil novel potential molecular targets associated with β-cell dysfunction. METHODS A comprehensive literature search for human studies on gene expression alterations in the pancreas associated with T1D and T2D was performed. A total of 6 studies were selected for data extraction and for bioinformatic analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were conducted, together with protein-protein interaction networks and the identification of potential transcription factors (TFs). For noncoding differentially expressed RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which exert regulatory activities associated with diabetes, identifying target genes and pathways regulated by these RNAs is fundamental for establishing a robust regulatory network. RESULTS Comparisons of DEGs among the 6 studies showed 59 genes in common among 4 or more studies. Besides alterations in mRNA, it was possible to identify differentially expressed miRNA and lncRNA. Among the top transcription factors (TFs), HIPK2, KLF5, STAT1 and STAT3 emerged as potential regulators of the altered gene expression. Integrated analysis of protein-coding genes, miRNAs, and lncRNAs pointed out several pathways involved in metabolism, cell signaling, the immune system, cell adhesion, and interactions. Interestingly, the GABAergic synapse pathway emerged as the only common pathway to all datasets. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the power of bioinformatics tools in scrutinizing publicly available gene expression data, thereby revealing potential therapeutic targets like the GABAergic synapse pathway, which holds promise in modulating α-cells transdifferentiation into β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Farrim
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidad de Alcalá, Escuela de Doctorado, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gomes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - R Menezes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Li Y, Wang W. Small dense low density lipoprotein predominance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using Mendelian randomization. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298070. [PMID: 38330008 PMCID: PMC10852223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with T2DM often suffer from CVD-related complications, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality rates. The upsurge in CVD prevalence among them is partly linked to sd LDL particles. Understanding the mechanisms behind elevated sd LDL levels is critical for preventing and managing cardiovascular complications in diabetes. METHODS MR was employed to identify instrumental variables and establish causality, exploring underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Notably, T2DM itself, insulin resistance, and fasting glucose seemingly do not directly impact sd LDL levels. Instead, the presence of T2DM or insulin resistance, leading to reduced HDL cholesterol or elevated TG levels, directly contributes to subsequent sd LDL increases, indicating a comprehensive mediating effect. While LDL cholesterol levels correlate positively with sd LDL, they appear unaffected by T2DM or insulin resistance. Importantly, hypertension induced by T2DM or insulin resistance exhibits a positive effect on sd LDL reversal. Unlike T2DM or insulin resistance, blood glucose levels show no significant impact on all processes. CONCLUSIONS It is hoped that these insights might influence the treatment of patients with diabetes and the management of blood parameters in clinical practice. Examining the effect of T2DM or insulin resistance on sd LDL within HDL cholesterol and triglycerides pathways might provide valuable insights for targeted cardiovascular treatments. Additionally, the study's exploration of the potential positive effects of elevated blood pressure on sd LDL reversal may introduce novel considerations for blood pressure management in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Liu X, Wu J, Yang B, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Pan S, Miao S, Wu X. hsa_circ_0005991 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating miR-30b-3p/Cdc42EP1 axis in ovary endometriosis. Genomics 2023; 115:110718. [PMID: 37757976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease with an enigmatic pathogenesis. This work explored the function of hsa_circ_0005991 in ovarian endometriosis. High-throughput RNA-Seq was conducted in five matched ectopic (EC) and eutopic (EU) samples. Further, several types of cell function experiments were conducted. According to bioinformatics analysis, a competing endogenous RNA network was established. It included 5 circRNAs, 13 miRNAs, and 551 mRNAs. The expression levels of hsa_circ_0005991 and Cdc42EP1 were significantly elevated, while miR-30b-3p was reduced in the EC group. Upregulation of hsa_circ_0005991 raised Cdc42EP1 levels, induced EMT, and boosted Ishikawa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. hsa_circ_0005991 knockdown indicated the opposite effects. When co-transfected with miR-30b-3p mimics or inhibitors, these effects could be reversed, respectively. Western blot assays showed alterations of EMT markers in EC samples. hsa_circ_0005991/miR-30b-3p/Cdc42EP1 axis promotes the EMT process in endometriosis, which may offer a theoretical foundation for the mechanism exploration and therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Computer and Cyber Security, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yafan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Shuhong Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Suibing Miao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Tokarek J, Budny E, Saar M, Stańczak K, Wojtanowska E, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Molecular Processes Involved in the Shared Pathways between Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2611. [PMID: 37892985 PMCID: PMC10604380 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus are currently among the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis and development of these diseases remain strongly connected, along with inflammation playing a major role. Therefore, the treatment possibilities showing a positive impact on both of these diseases could be especially beneficial for patients. SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists present this dual effect. Moreover, the hostile composition of the gut microbiota could influence the progression of these conditions. In this review, the authors present the latest knowledge on and innovations in diabetes mellitus and CVD-with the focus on the molecular mechanisms and the role of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Tokarek
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Emilian Budny
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Maciej Saar
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Kamila Stańczak
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Ewa Wojtanowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
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Srinivas T, Mathias C, Oliveira-Mateos C, Guil S. Roles of lncRNAs in brain development and pathogenesis: Emerging therapeutic opportunities. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1550-1561. [PMID: 36793211 PMCID: PMC10277896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome is pervasively transcribed, producing a majority of short and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can influence cellular programs through a variety of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. The brain houses the richest repertoire of long noncoding transcripts, which function at every stage during central nervous system development and homeostasis. An example of functionally relevant lncRNAs is species involved in spatiotemporal organization of gene expression in different brain regions, which play roles at the nuclear level and in transport, translation, and decay of other transcripts in specific neuronal sites. Research in the field has enabled identification of the contributions of specific lncRNAs to certain brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and neurodevelopmental disorders, resulting in notions of potential therapeutic strategies that target these RNAs to recover the normal phenotype. Here, we summarize the latest mechanistic findings associated with lncRNAs in the brain, focusing on their dysregulation in neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders, their use as biomarkers for central nervous system (CNS) diseases in vitro and in vivo, and their potential utility for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Srinivas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carolina Mathias
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Post-graduation Program in Genetics, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Guil
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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