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Huang X, Yang K, Kondragunta S, Wei Z, Valin L, Szykman J, Goldberg M. NO 2 retrievals from NOAA-20 OMPS: Algorithm, evaluation, and observations of drastic changes during COVID-19. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2022; 290:119367. [PMID: 36092473 PMCID: PMC9441478 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present the first NO2 measurements from the Nadir Mapper of Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) instrument aboard the NOAA-20 satellite. NOAA-20 OMPS was launched in November 2017, with a nadir resolution of 17 × 13 km2 similar to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The retrieval of NOAA-20 NO2 vertical columns were achieved through the Direct Vertical Column Fitting (DVCF) algorithm, which was uniquely designed and successfully used to retrieve NO2 from OMPS aboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) spacecraft, predecessor to NOAA-20. Observations from NOAA-20 reveal a 20-40% decline in regional tropospheric NO2 in January-April 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdown, consistent with the findings from other satellite observations. The NO2 retrievals are preliminarily validated against ground-based Pandora spectrometer measurements over the New York City area as well as other U.S. Pandora locations. It shows OMPS total columns tend to be lower in polluted urban regions and higher in clean areas/episodes associated with relatively small NO2 total columns, but generally the agreement is within ±2.5 × 1015 molecules/cm2. Comparisons of stratospheric NO2 columns exhibit the excellent agreement between OMPS and OMI, validating OMPS capability in capturing the stratospheric background accurately. These results demonstrate the high sensitivity of OMPS to tropospheric NO2 and highlight its potential use for extending the long-term global NO2 record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Huang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lucas Valin
- US EPA, ORD, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James Szykman
- US EPA, ORD, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, Hampton, VA, USA
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2
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Stanier CO, Pierce RB, Abdi-Oskouei M, Adelman ZE, Al-Saadi J, Alwe HD, Bertram TH, Carmichael GR, Christiansen MB, Cleary PA, Czarnetzki AC, Dickens AF, Fuoco MA, Hughes DD, Hupy JP, Janz SJ, Judd LM, Kenski D, Kowalewski MG, Long RW, Millet DB, Novak G, Roozitalab B, Shaw SL, Stone EA, Szykman J, Valin L, Vermeuel M, Wagner TJ, Whitehill AR, Williams DJ. Overview of the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 102:E2207-E2225. [PMID: 35837596 PMCID: PMC9275376 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0061.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 (LMOS 2017) was a collaborative multiagency field study targeting ozone chemistry, meteorology, and air quality observations in the southern Lake Michigan area. The primary objective of LMOS 2017 was to provide measurements to improve air quality modeling of the complex meteorological and chemical environment in the region. LMOS 2017 science questions included spatiotemporal assessment of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission sources and their influence on ozone episodes; the role of lake breezes; contribution of new remote sensing tools such as GeoTASO, Pandora, and TEMPO to air quality management; and evaluation of photochemical grid models. The observing strategy included GeoTASO on board the NASA UC-12 aircraft capturing NO2 and formaldehyde columns, an in situ profiling aircraft, two ground-based coastal enhanced monitoring locations, continuous NO2 columns from coastal Pandora instruments, and an instrumented research vessel. Local photochemical ozone production was observed on 2 June, 9-12 June, and 14-16 June, providing insights on the processes relevant to state and federal air quality management. The LMOS 2017 aircraft mapped significant spatial and temporal variation of NO2 emissions as well as polluted layers with rapid ozone formation occurring in a shallow layer near the Lake Michigan surface. Meteorological characteristics of the lake breeze were observed in detail and measurements of ozone, NOx, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, VOC, oxygenated VOC (OVOC), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) composition were conducted. This article summarizes the study design, directs readers to the campaign data repository, and presents a summary of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Bradley Pierce
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela F Dickens
- Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Chicago, Illinois, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - Scott J Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| | | | - Donna Kenski
- Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Russell W Long
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dylan B Millet
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Gordon Novak
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - James Szykman
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lukas Valin
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Timothy J Wagner
- Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew R Whitehill
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - David J Williams
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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3
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Sensitivity Operator Framework for Analyzing Heterogeneous Air Quality Monitoring Systems. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air quality monitoring systems differ in composition and accuracy of observations and their temporal and spatial coverage. A monitoring system’s performance can be assessed by evaluating the accuracy of the emission sources identified by its data. In the considered inverse modeling approach, a source identification problem is transformed to a quasi-linear operator equation with the sensitivity operator. The sensitivity operator is composed of the sensitivity functions evaluated on the adjoint ensemble members. The members correspond to the measurement data element aggregates. Such ensemble construction allows working in a unified way with heterogeneous measurement data in a single-operator equation. The quasi-linear structure of the resulting operator equation allows both solving and predicting solutions of the inverse problem. Numerical experiments for the Baikal region scenario were carried out to compare different types of inverse problem solution accuracy estimates. In the considered scenario, the projection to the orthogonal complement of the sensitivity operator’s kernel allowed predicting the source identification results with the best accuracy compared to the other estimate types. Our contribution is the development and testing of a sensitivity-operator-based set of tools for analyzing heterogeneous air quality monitoring systems. We propose them for assessing and optimizing observational systems and experiments.
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Duncan BN, Malings CA, Knowland KE, Anderson DC, Prados AI, Keller CA, Cromar KR, Pawson S, Ensz H. Augmenting the Standard Operating Procedures of Health and Air Quality Stakeholders With NASA Resources. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000451. [PMID: 34585034 PMCID: PMC8456713 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of air quality (AQ) data from satellites and low-cost sensor systems, along with output from AQ models, have the potential to augment high-quality, regulatory-grade data in countries with in situ monitoring networks and provide much needed AQ information in countries without them, including Low and Moderate Income Countries (LMICs). We demonstrate the potential of free and publicly available USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) resources, which include capacity building activities, satellite data, and global AQ forecasts, to provide cost-effective, and reliable AQ information to health and AQ professionals around the world. We provide illustrative case studies that highlight how global AQ forecasts along with satellite data may be used to characterize AQ on urban to regional scales, including to quantify pollution concentrations, identify pollution sources, and track the long-range transport of pollution. We also provide recommendations to data product developers to facilitate and broaden usage of NASA resources by health and AQ stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl A. Malings
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - K. Emma Knowland
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Daniel C. Anderson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Ana I. Prados
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Christoph A. Keller
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | | | | | - Holli Ensz
- Bureau of Ocean Energy ManagementSterlingVAUSA
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5
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Li J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Smeltzer C, Weinheimer A, Herman J, Boersma KF, Celarier EA, Long RW, Szykman JJ, Delgado R, Thompson AM, Knepp TN, Lamsal LN, Janz SJ, Kowalewski MG, Liu X, Nowlan CR. Comprehensive evaluations of diurnal NO 2 measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2011: effects of resolution-dependent representation of NO x emissions. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:11133-11160. [PMID: 35949546 PMCID: PMC9359208 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-11133-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO2) play a crucial role in the formation of ozone and secondary inorganic and organic aerosols, thus affecting human health, global radiation budget, and climate. The diurnal and spatial variations in NO2 are functions of emissions, advection, deposition, vertical mixing, and chemistry. Their observations, therefore, provide useful constraints in our understanding of these factors. We employ a Regional chEmical and trAnsport model (REAM) to analyze the observed temporal (diurnal cycles) and spatial distributions of NO2 concentrations and tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs) using aircraft in situ measurements and surface EPA Air Quality System (AQS) observations as well as the measurements of TVCDs by satellite instruments (OMI: the Ozone Monitoring Instrument; GOME-2A: Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment - 2A), ground-based Pandora, and the Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM) instrument in July 2011 during the DISCOVER-AQ campaign over the Baltimore-Washington region. The model simulations at 36 and 4 km resolutions are in reasonably good agreement with the regional mean temporospatial NO2 observations in the daytime. However, we find significant overestimations (underestimations) of model-simulated NO2 (O3) surface concentrations during night-time, which can be mitigated by enhancing nocturnal vertical mixing in the model. Another discrepancy is that Pandora-measured NO2 TVCDs show much less variation in the late afternoon than simulated in the model. The higher-resolution 4 km simulations tend to show larger biases compared to the observations due largely to the larger spatial variations in NO x emissions in the model when the model spatial resolution is increased from 36 to 4 km. OMI, GOME-2A, and the high-resolution aircraft ACAM observations show a more dispersed distribution of NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) and lower VCDs in urban regions than corresponding 36 and 4 km model simulations, likely reflecting the spatial distribution bias of NO x emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruixiong Zhang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles Smeltzer
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jay Herman
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of
Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Folkert Boersma
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the
Netherlands
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University,
Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edward A. Celarier
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD,
USA
| | - Russell W. Long
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - James J. Szykman
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of
Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Travis N. Knepp
- NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA,
USA
| | - Lok N. Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Scott J. Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - Xiong Liu
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division,
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline R. Nowlan
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division,
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Assessment of Tropospheric Concentrations of NO2 from the TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 Precursor for the Estimation of Long-Term Exposure to Surface NO2 over South Korea. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since April 2018, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) has provided data on tropospheric NO2 column concentrations (CTROPOMI) with unprecedented spatial resolution. This study aims to assess the capability of TROPOMI to acquire high spatial resolution data regarding surface NO2 mixing ratios. In general, the instrument effectively detected major and moderate sources of NO2 over South Korea with a clear weekday–weekend distinction. We compared the CTROPOMI with surface NO2 mixing ratio measurements from an extensive ground-based network over South Korea operated by the Korean Ministry of Environment (SKME; more than 570 sites), for 2019. Spatiotemporally collocated CTROPOMI and SKME showed a moderate correlation (correlation coefficient, r = 0.67), whereas their annual mean values at each site showed a higher correlation (r = 0.84). The CTROPOMI and SKME were well correlated around the Seoul metropolitan area, where significant amounts of NO2 prevailed throughout the year, whereas they showed lower correlation at rural sites. We converted the tropospheric NO2 from TROPOMI to the surface mixing ratio (STROPOMI) using the EAC4 (ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4) profile shape, for quantitative comparison with the SKME. The estimated STROPOMI generally underestimated the in-situ value obtained, SKME (slope = 0.64), as reported in previous studies.
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7
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Judd LM, Al-Saadi JA, Szykman JJ, Valin LC, Janz SJ, Kowalewski MG, Eskes HJ, Veefkind JP, Cede A, Mueller M, Gebetsberger M, Swap R, Pierce RB, Nowlan CR, Abad GG, Nehrir A, Williams D. Evaluating Sentinel-5P TROPOMI tropospheric NO 2 column densities with airborne and Pandora spectrometers near New York City and Long Island Sound. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2020; 13:6113-6140. [PMID: 34122664 PMCID: PMC8193800 DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-6113-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Airborne and ground-based Pandora spectrometer NO2 column measurements were collected during the 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) in the New York City/Long Island Sound region, which coincided with early observations from the Sentinel-5P TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) instrument. Both airborne- and ground-based measurements are used to evaluate the TROPOMI NO2 Tropospheric Vertical Column (TrVC) product v1.2 in this region, which has high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in NO2. First, airborne and Pandora TrVCs are compared to evaluate the uncertainty of the airborne TrVC and establish the spatial representativeness of the Pandora observations. The 171 coincidences between Pandora and airborne TrVCs are found to be highly correlated (r 2 =0.92 and slope of 1.03), with the largest individual differences being associated with high temporal and/or spatial variability. These reference measurements (Pandora and airborne) are complementary with respect to temporal coverage and spatial representativity. Pandora spectrometers can provide continuous long-term measurements but may lack areal representativity when operated in direct-sun mode. Airborne spectrometers are typically only deployed for short periods of time, but their observations are more spatially representative of the satellite measurements with the added capability of retrieving at subpixel resolutions of 250m×250m over the entire TROPOMI pixels they overfly. Thus, airborne data are more correlated with TROPOMI measurements (r 2 = 0.96) than Pandora measurements are with TROPOMI (r 2 = 0.84). The largest outliers between TROPOMI and the reference measurements appear to stem from too spatially coarse a priori surface reflectivity (0.5°) over bright urban scenes. In this work, this results during cloud-free scenes that, at times, are affected by errors in the TROPOMI cloud pressure retrieval impacting the calculation of tropospheric air mass factors. This factor causes a high bias in TROPOMI TrVCs of 4%-11%. Excluding these cloud-impacted points, TROPOMI has an overall low bias of 19%-33% during the LISTOS timeframe of June-September 2018. Part of this low bias is caused by coarse a priori profile input from the TM5-MP model; replacing these profiles with those from a 12 km North American Model-Community Multiscale Air Quality (NAMCMAQ) analysis results in a 12%-14% increase in the TrVCs. Even with this improvement, the TROPOMI-NAMCMAQ TrVCs have a 7%-19% low bias, indicating needed improvement in a priori assumptions in the air mass factor calculation. Future work should explore additional impacts of a priori inputs to further assess the remaining low biases in TROPOMI using these datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | | | - James J. Szykman
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Triangle Research Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lukas C. Valin
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Triangle Research Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Scott J. Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Matthew G. Kowalewski
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Henk J. Eskes
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
| | - J. Pepijn Veefkind
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
- Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Robert Swap
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - R. Bradley Pierce
- University of Wisconsin–Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Amin Nehrir
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - David Williams
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Triangle Research Park, NC 27709, USA
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8
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Secular Changes in Atmospheric Turbidity over Iraq and a Possible Link to Military Activity. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We examine satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) data during the period 2000–2018 over the Middle East to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollution. We focus on Iraq, where US troops were present for nearly nine years. We begin with a plausibility argument linking anthropogenic influence and AOD signature. We then calculate the percent change in AOD every two years. To pinpoint the causes for changes in AOD on a spatial basis, we distinguish between synoptically “calm” periods and those with vigorous synoptic activity. This was done on high-resolution 10 km AOD retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor (Terra satellite). We found spatiotemporal variability in the intensity of the AOD and its standard deviation along the dust-storm corridor during three studied periods: before Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) (1 March 2000–19 March 2003), during OIF (20 March 2003–1 September 2010), and Operation New Dawn (OND; 1 September 2010–18 December 2011), and after the US troops’ withdrawal (19 December 2011–31 December 2018). Pixels of military camps and bases, major roads and areas of conflict, and their corresponding AOD values, were selected to study possible effects. We found that winter, with its higher frequency of days with synoptically “calm” conditions compared to spring and summer, was the best season to quantitatively estimate the impact of these ground-based sources. Surprisingly, an anthropogenic impact on the AOD signature was also visible during vigorous synoptic activity. Meteorological conditions that favor detection of these effects using space imagery are discussed, where the effects are more salient than in surrounding regions with similar meteorological conditions. This exceeds expectations when considering synoptic variations alone.
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9
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Judd LM, Al-Saadi JA, Janz SJ, Kowalewski MG, Pierce RB, Szykman JJ, Valin LC, Swap R, Cede A, Mueller M, Tiefengraber M, Abuhassan N, Williams D. Evaluating the impact of spatial resolution on tropospheric NO 2 column comparisons within urban areas using high-resolution airborne data. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2019; 12:6091-6111. [PMID: 33014172 DOI: 10.5194/amt-2019-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
NASA deployed the GeoTASO airborne UV-Visible spectrometer in May-June 2017 to produce high resolution (approximately 250 × 250 m) gapless NO2 datasets over the western shore of Lake Michigan and over the Los Angeles Basin. The results collected show that the airborne tropospheric vertical column retrievals compare well with ground-based Pandora spectrometer column NO2 observations (r2=0.91 and slope of 1.03). Apparent disagreements between the two measurements can be sensitive to the coincidence criteria and are often associated with large local variability, including rapid temporal changes and spatial heterogeneity that may be observed differently by the sunward viewing Pandora observations. The gapless mapping strategy executed during the 2017 GeoTASO flights provides data suitable for averaging to coarser areal resolutions to simulate satellite retrievals. As simulated satellite pixel area increases to values typical of TEMPO, TROPOMI, and OMI, the agreement with Pandora measurements degraded, particularly for the most polluted columns as localized large pollution enhancements observed by Pandora and GeoTASO are spatially averaged with nearby less-polluted locations within the larger area representative of the satellite spatial resolutions (aircraft-to-Pandora slope: TEMPO scale=0.88; TROPOMI scale=0.77; OMI scale=0.57). In these two regions, Pandora and TEMPO or TROPOMI have the potential to compare well at least up to pollution scales of 30×1015 molecules cm-2. Two publicly available OMI tropospheric NO2 retrievals are both found to be biased low with respect to these Pandora observations. However, the agreement improves when higher resolution a priori inputs are used for the tropospheric air mass factor calculation (NASA V3 Standard Product slope = 0.18 and Berkeley High Resolution Product slope=0.30). Overall, this work explores best practices for satellite validation strategies with Pandora direct-sun observations by showing the sensitivity to product spatial resolution and demonstrating how the high spatial resolution NO2 data retrieved from airborne spectrometers, such as GeoTASO, can be used with high temporal resolution ground-based column observations to evaluate the influence of spatial heterogeneity on validation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States
| | | | - Scott J Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
| | - Matthew G Kowalewski
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, United States
| | - R Bradley Pierce
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - James J Szykman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Triangle Research Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Lukas C Valin
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Triangle Research Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Robert Swap
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
| | | | - Moritz Mueller
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tiefengraber
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nader Abuhassan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21228, United States
| | - David Williams
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Triangle Research Park, NC, 27709, United States
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10
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Judd LM, Al-Saadi JA, Janz SJ, Kowalewski MG, Pierce RB, Szykman JJ, Valin LC, Swap R, Cede A, Mueller M, Tiefengraber M, Abuhassan N, Williams D. Evaluating the impact of spatial resolution on tropospheric NO 2 column comparisons within urban areas using high-resolution airborne data. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2019; 12:6091-6111. [PMID: 33014172 PMCID: PMC7526561 DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-6091-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
NASA deployed the GeoTASO airborne UV-Visible spectrometer in May-June 2017 to produce high resolution (approximately 250 × 250 m) gapless NO2 datasets over the western shore of Lake Michigan and over the Los Angeles Basin. The results collected show that the airborne tropospheric vertical column retrievals compare well with ground-based Pandora spectrometer column NO2 observations (r2=0.91 and slope of 1.03). Apparent disagreements between the two measurements can be sensitive to the coincidence criteria and are often associated with large local variability, including rapid temporal changes and spatial heterogeneity that may be observed differently by the sunward viewing Pandora observations. The gapless mapping strategy executed during the 2017 GeoTASO flights provides data suitable for averaging to coarser areal resolutions to simulate satellite retrievals. As simulated satellite pixel area increases to values typical of TEMPO, TROPOMI, and OMI, the agreement with Pandora measurements degraded, particularly for the most polluted columns as localized large pollution enhancements observed by Pandora and GeoTASO are spatially averaged with nearby less-polluted locations within the larger area representative of the satellite spatial resolutions (aircraft-to-Pandora slope: TEMPO scale=0.88; TROPOMI scale=0.77; OMI scale=0.57). In these two regions, Pandora and TEMPO or TROPOMI have the potential to compare well at least up to pollution scales of 30×1015 molecules cm-2. Two publicly available OMI tropospheric NO2 retrievals are both found to be biased low with respect to these Pandora observations. However, the agreement improves when higher resolution a priori inputs are used for the tropospheric air mass factor calculation (NASA V3 Standard Product slope = 0.18 and Berkeley High Resolution Product slope=0.30). Overall, this work explores best practices for satellite validation strategies with Pandora direct-sun observations by showing the sensitivity to product spatial resolution and demonstrating how the high spatial resolution NO2 data retrieved from airborne spectrometers, such as GeoTASO, can be used with high temporal resolution ground-based column observations to evaluate the influence of spatial heterogeneity on validation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States
| | | | - Scott J. Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
| | - Matthew G. Kowalewski
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, United States
| | - R. Bradley Pierce
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - James J. Szykman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Triangle Research Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Lukas C. Valin
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Triangle Research Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Robert Swap
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
| | | | - Moritz Mueller
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tiefengraber
- LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nader Abuhassan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, United States
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21228, United States
| | - David Williams
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Triangle Research Park, NC, 27709, United States
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Temporal Analysis of OMI-Observed Tropospheric NO2 Columns over East Asia during 2006–2015. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study analyzed temporal variations of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)-observed NO2 columns, interregional correlation, and comparison between NO2 columns and NOx emissions during the period from 2006 to 2015. Regarding the trend of the NO2 columns, the linear lines were classified into four groups: (1) ‘upward and downward’ over six defined geographic regions in central-east Asia; (2) ‘downward’ over Guangzhou, Japan, and Taiwan; (3) ‘stagnant’ over South Korea; and (4) ‘upward’ over North Korea, Mongolia, Qinghai, and Northwestern Pacific ocean. In particular, the levels of NO2 columns in 2015 returned to those in 2006 over most of the polluted regions in China. Quantitatively, their relative changes in 2015 compared to 2006 were approximately 10%. From the interregional correlation analysis, it was found that unlike positive relationships between the polluted areas, the different variations of monthly NO2 columns led to negative relationships in Mongolia and Qinghai. Regarding the comparison between NO2 columns and NOx emission, the NOx emissions from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) inventories did not follow the year-to-year variations of NO2 columns over the polluted regions. In addition, the weekly effect was only clearly shown in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, indicating that the amounts of NOx emissions are significantly contributed to by the transportation sector.
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