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Lun X, Jin M, Chen Z, Cao Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Li Y, Wang H, Zhang Z. Flowering Ocimum gratissimum intercropped in tea plantations attracts and reduces Apolygus lucorum populations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38587057 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolygus lucorum is one of the most important piercing-sucking insect pests of the tea plant In this study, we assessed the attractiveness of basil plants to A. lucorum and the effectiveness of Ocimum gratissimum L. in the control of A. lucorum. The control efficiency of main volatile chemicals emitted from O. gratissimum flowers was also evaluated. RESULTS Among seven basil varieties, O. gratissimum was more attractive to A. lucorum adults and was selected as a trap plant to assess its attractiveness to A. lucorum and effects on natural enemies in tea plantations. The population density of A. lucorum on trap strips of O. gratissimum in tea plantations was significantly higher than that on tea at 10-20 m away from the trap strips. Intercropping O. gratissimum with tea plants, at high-density significantly reduced A. lucorum population levels. Eucalyptol, limonene, β-ocimene, and linalool were the four dominant components in the O. gratissimum flower volatiles, and their emissions showed a gradual upward trend over the sampling period. Olfactometer assays indicated that eucalyptol and dodecane showed attraction to A. lucorum. High numbers of A. lucorum were recorded on limonene, eucalyptol, and myrcene-baited yellow sticky traps in field trials in which 11 dominant volatiles emitted by O. gratissimum flowers were evaluated. CONCLUSION Our research indicated that the aromatic plant O. gratissimum and its volatiles could attract A. lucorum and planting O. gratissimum has the potential as a pest biocontrol method to manipulate A. lucorum populations in tea plantations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Lun
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meina Jin
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zejun Chen
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | | | - Xiuxiu Xu
- Tea Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Hanyue Wang
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
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Wang JX, Wei ZQ, Chen MD, Yan Q, Zhang J, Dong SL. Conserved Odorant Receptors Involved in Nonanal-Induced Female Attractive Behavior in Two Spodoptera Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13795-13804. [PMID: 37694971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Moths rely on plant volatiles to locate appropriate plants for feeding and laying eggs. While extensive research has been conducted on the global agricultural pests, Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera litura, their molecular mechanisms for detecting plant volatiles remain mostly unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that nonanal, a common plant volatile, is attractive for both virgin and gravid females of the two species. Second, we have identified a conserved odorant receptor clade (SfruOR47 clade) that is primarily tuned to nonanal. Finally, by three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction, molecular docking, and site-directed mutagenesis, we have revealed that the His57 and Glu61 residues, also shared by other six orthologous ORs, are essential for nonanal binding in SfruOR47 and SlituOR9, indicating the conserved structure and function of ORs in the SfruOR47 clade. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary aspects of moth behavior in response to plant volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
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Valle D, Mujica V, Gonzalez A. Herbivore-Dependent Induced Volatiles in Pear Plants Cause Differential Attractive Response by Lacewing Larvae. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:262-275. [PMID: 36690765 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biological control may benefit from the behavioral manipulation of natural enemies using volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Among these, herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) provide potential tools for attracting or retaining predators and parasitoids of insect pests. This work aimed to characterize the VOCs emitted by pear plants in response to attack by Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a major pest in pear orchards, to compare these with VOCs induced by a leaf chewing insect, Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and to evaluate the behavioral response of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to HIPVs from pear plants damaged by either herbivore. The results demonstrated that plants damaged by the pear psylla emitted VOC blends with increased amounts of aliphatic aldehydes. Leafroller damage resulted in increased amounts of benzeneacetonitrile, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, β-ocimene and caryophyllene. In olfactometer bioassays, larvae of C. externa were attracted to herbivore-damaged plants when contrasted with undamaged plants. When plant odors from psylla-damaged were contrasted with those of leafroller-damaged plants, C.externa preferred the former, also showing shorter response lag-times and higher response rates when psylla-damaged plants were present. Our results suggest that pear plants respond to herbivory by modifying their volatile profile, and that psylla-induced volatiles may be used as prey-specific chemical cues by chrysopid larvae. Our study is the first to report HIPVs in pear plants attacked by C. bidens, as well as the attraction of C. externa to psyllid-induced volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Valle
- Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Canelones, Uruguay.
| | - V Mujica
- Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - A Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Yang LL, Wang B, Shen J, Wang GR. Comparative morphology and plant volatile responses of antennal sensilla in Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Lachninae), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Eriosomatinae), and Therioaphis trifolii (Hemiptera: Calaphidinae). Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1162349. [PMID: 37180945 PMCID: PMC10172507 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1162349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is important for mediating aphid behaviors and is involved in host location and mating. Antennal primary rhinaria play a key role in the chemoreception of aphids. The function of the peripheral olfactory system in the subfamily Aphidinae has been intensively studied, but little is known about other subfamilies of Aphididae. Therefore, three aphid species were selected to study the olfactory reception of plant volatiles: Cinara cedri (Lachninae), Eriosoma lanigerum (Eriosomatinae), and Therioaphis trifolii (Calaphidinae). In this study, the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of apterous adults were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three morphological types were identified (placoid sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, and trichoid sensilla); the first two were distributed on the antennal primary rhinaria. A pattern of primary rhinaria in C. cedri was found that differed from that of E. lanigerum and T. trifolii and consists of 1 large placoid sensillum (LP) on the 4th segment, 2 LPs on the 5th segment, and a group of sensilla on the 6th antennal segments. Later, we recorded and compared neuronal responses of the distinct placoid sensilla in the primary rhinaria of the three aphid species to 18 plant volatiles using a single sensillum recording (SSR) technique. The results indicated that the functional profiles based on the tested odorants of the primary rhinaria of the three investigated aphid species were clustered into three classes, and exhibited excitatory responses to certain types of odorants, especially terpenes. In C. cedri, the ORNs in LP6 exhibited the highest responses to (±)-citronellal across all tested chemicals, and showed greater sensitivity to (±)-citronellal than to (+)-limonene. ORNs in LP5 were partially responsive to α-pinene and (-)-β-pinene in a dose-dependent manner. Across different species, E. lanigerum showed significantly stronger neuronal responses of LP5 to several terpenes, such as (-)-linalool and α-terpineol, compared to other species. In T. trifolii, the neuronal activities in LP6 showed a greater response to methyl salicylate as compared to LP5. Overall, our results preliminarily illustrate the functional divergence of ORNs in the primary rhinaria of aphids from three subfamilies of Aphididae and provide a basis for better understanding the mechanism of olfactory recognition in aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology and Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Wang
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Gui-Rong Wang
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Homayoonzadeh M, Michaud JP, Esmaeily M, Talebi K, Allahyari H, Wright DJ. Physiological Differences Between Seasonal Dimorphs of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) Elicit Distinct Host Plant Responses, Informing Novel Pest Management Insights. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:969-979. [PMID: 36029067 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined differences in the physiology and life history between dimorphs of the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), and how they differ in elicitating host plant production of key metabolites and volatile compounds involved in the recruitment of herbivores and natural enemies. Summer morphs had higher activities of glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, phenoloxidase, and a higher total protein content compared to winter morphs, whereas the latter had higher amounts of lipid, carbohydrate, and glycogen. Winter morphs were heavier, with a higher chitin content and longer preoviposition period, but greater fecundity and longevity than summer morphs. A lower LC50 to thiamethoxam for winter morphs resulted in higher mortality following exposure to the recommended rate of this insecticide in a greenhouse trial. Feeding by winter morphs elicited more strongly the release of volatile compounds known to be attractive to other herbivores, whereas feeding by summer morphs elicited more strongly the release of volatiles implicated in the attraction of natural enemies. Feeding by psyllids increased the concentrations of nitrogenous compounds, carbohydrates, vitamins, and amino acids in plants, the winter morph eliciting larger changes and more improved host plant quality. We conclude that winter morphs are more vulnerable targets for chemical control in early spring, whereas management of summer morphs could rely more on conservation biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Homayoonzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Mojtaba Esmaeily
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khalil Talebi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Allahyari
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Denis J Wright
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
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Zhang H, Liu E, Huang X, Kou J, Teng D, Lv B, Han X, Zhang Y. Characterization of a Novel Insect-Induced Sesquiterpene Synthase GbTPS1 Based on the Transcriptome of Gossypium barbadense Feeding by Cotton Bollworm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898541. [PMID: 35909734 PMCID: PMC9326391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When attacked by insect herbivores, plants initiate sophisticated defenses mediated by complex signaling networks and usually release a blend of functional volatiles such as terpenes against infestation. The extra-long staple cotton Gossypium barbadense cultivated worldwide as natural textile fiber crop is frequently exposed to a variety of herbivores, such as cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. However, little is known about insect-induced transcriptional changes and molecular mechanisms underlying subsequent defense responses in G. barbadense. In the current study, transcriptome changes in G. barbadense infested with chewing H. armigera larvae were investigated, and we identified 5,629 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the infested cotton leaves compared with non-infested controls. H. armigera feeding triggered complex signaling networks in which almost all (88 out of 90) DEGs associated with the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway were upregulated, highlighting a central role for JA in the defense responses of G. barbadense against target insects. All DEGs involved in growth-related photosynthesis were downregulated, whereas most DEGs associated with defense-related transcript factors and volatile secondary metabolism were upregulated. It was noteworthy that a terpene synthase gene in the transcriptome data, GbTPS1, was strongly expressed in H. armigera-infested G. barbadense leaves. The upregulation of GbTPS1 in qPCR analysis also suggested an important role for GbTPS1 in herbivore-induced cotton defense. In vitro assays showed that recombinant GbTPS1 catalyzed farnesyl pyrophosphate and neryl diphosphate to produce three sesquiterpenes (selinene, α-gurjunene, and β-elemene) and one monoterpene (limonene), respectively. Moreover, these catalytic products of GbTPS1 were significantly elevated in G. barbadense leaves after H. armigera infestation, and elemene and limonene had repellent effects on H. armigera larvae in a dual-choice bioassay and increased larval mortality in a no-choice bioassay. These findings provide a valuable insight into understanding the transcriptional changes reprogramming herbivore-induced sesquiterpene biosynthesis in G. barbadense infested by H. armigera, which help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense against insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enliang Liu
- Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ayelo PM, Yusuf AA, Pirk CW, Chailleux A, Mohamed SA, Deletre E. Terpenes from herbivore-induced tomato plant volatiles attract Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of major tomato pests. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5255-5267. [PMID: 34310838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control plays a key role in reducing crop damage by Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), which cause huge yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) preys heavily on these pests, with satisfying control levels in tomato greenhouses. Although N. tenuis is known to be attracted to volatiles of tomato plants infested by T. absoluta and whitefly, little is known about the specific attractive compounds and the effect of prey density on the predator response. RESULTS Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that the attraction of N. tenuis to tomato volatiles was positively correlated with the density of T. absoluta infestation, unlike T. vaporariorum infestation. The predator was also attracted to volatiles of T. absoluta larval frass, but not to T. vaporariorum honeydew or T. absoluta sex pheromone. Among the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that characterised the attractive plants infested with 20 T. absoluta larvae, olfactometer bioassays revealed that N. tenuis is attracted to the monoterpenes α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene, β-phellandrene and β-ocimene, whereas (E)-β-caryophyllene was found to repel the predator. In dose-response bioassays, the five-component blend of the attractants elicited a relatively low attraction in the predator, and removal of β-phellandrene from the blend enhanced the attraction of the predator to the resulting four-component blend, suggesting synergism among four monoterpenes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a four-component blend of α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene and β-ocimene could be used as a kairomone-based lure to recruit the predator for the biological control of T. absoluta and T. vaporariorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Ayelo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Abdullahi A Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christian Ww Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Anaïs Chailleux
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Biopass2, Cirad-IRD-ISRA-UGB - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Université Gaston Berger, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emilie Deletre
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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Revadi SV, Giannuzzi VA, Rossi V, Hunger GM, Conchou L, Rondoni G, Conti E, Anderson P, Walker WB, Jacquin-Joly E, Koutroumpa F, Becher PG. Stage-specific expression of an odorant receptor underlies olfactory behavioral plasticity in Spodoptera littoralis larvae. BMC Biol 2021; 19:231. [PMID: 34706739 PMCID: PMC8555055 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detection of environmental cues and signals via the sensory system directs behavioral choices in diverse organisms. Insect larvae rely on input from the chemosensory system, mainly olfaction, for locating food sources. In several lepidopteran species, foraging behavior and food preferences change across larval instars; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying such behavioral plasticity during larval development are not fully understood. Here, we hypothesize that expression patterns of odorant receptors (ORs) change during development, as a possible mechanism influencing instar-specific olfactory-guided behavior and food preferences. Results We investigated the expression patterns of ORs in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis between the first and fourth instar and revealed that some of the ORs show instar-specific expression. We functionally characterized one OR expressed in the first instar, SlitOR40, as responding to the plant volatile, β-caryophyllene and its isomer α-humulene. In agreement with the proposed hypothesis, we showed that first but not fourth instar larvae responded behaviorally to β-caryophyllene and α-humulene. Moreover, knocking out this odorant receptor via CRISPR-Cas9, we confirmed that instar-specific responses towards its cognate ligands rely on the expression of SlitOR40. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that larvae of S. littoralis change their peripheral olfactory system during development. Furthermore, our data demonstrate an unprecedented instar-specific behavioral plasticity mediated by an OR, and knocking out this OR disrupts larval behavioral plasticity. The ecological relevance of such behavioral plasticity for S. littoralis remains to be elucidated, but our results demonstrate an olfactory mechanism underlying this plasticity in foraging behavior during larval development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01159-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh V Revadi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden. .,INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
| | - Vito Antonio Giannuzzi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gert Martin Hunger
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Lucie Conchou
- AGRIODOR, 6 rue Pierre Joseph Colin, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriele Rondoni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eric Conti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - William B Walker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.,United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Fotini Koutroumpa
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
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López S, Domínguez A, Guerrero Á, Quero C. Inhibitory effect of thymol on pheromone-mediated attraction in two pest moth species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1223. [PMID: 33441680 PMCID: PMC7807059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant essential oils are considered as important bio-sources for the development of natural and environmentally safe pest control tools due to their multiple modes of action on insects. In this paper we have evaluated the activity of commercially available thyme oil and its constituents thymol, carvacrol, and p-cymene, as potential disruptants of the pheromone-mediated communication in the major pest moths Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In electroantennographic assays, the antennal response of males to thyme oil, thymol, and carvacrol was altered at high doses (103-104 µg), shifting the signal waveform into a biphasic negative-positive potential that caused a decay in the response. In wind tunnel assays, pheromone-mediated attraction of males of both species was interrupted in presence of thyme oil. Further trials demonstrated that thymol alone reduced the number of G. molesta and S. littoralis males landing on the pheromone source. This effect did not differ from that of thyme oil, although the latter provoked a significant reduction on downwind behavior steps in S. littoralis. Overall, our findings provide a preliminary basis for delving into the effect of thyme oil, and especially of its major constituent thymol, as potential mating disruptants of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aroa Domínguez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Guerrero
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Quero
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Proffit M, Lapeyre B, Buatois B, Deng X, Arnal P, Gouzerh F, Carrasco D, Hossaert-McKey M. Chemical signal is in the blend: bases of plant-pollinator encounter in a highly specialized interaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10071. [PMID: 32572098 PMCID: PMC7308319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In several highly specialized plant-insect interactions, scent-mediated specificity of pollinator attraction is directed by the emission and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although some plants engaged in such interactions emit singular compounds, others emit mixtures of VOCs commonly emitted by plants. We investigated the chemical ecological bases of host plant recognition in the nursery pollination mutualism between the dioecious Ficus carica and its specific pollinator Blastophaga psenes. Using Y-tube olfactometer tests, we show that B. psenes females are attracted by VOCs of receptive figs of both sexes and do not exhibit preference for VOCs of either male or female figs. Electrophysiological tests and chemical analysis revealed that of all the VOCs emitted by receptive figs, only five were found to be active on female antennae. Behavioural tests show that, in contrast to VOCs presented alone, only a blend with a particular proportion of four of these VOCs is as attractive as the odour of receptive figs, and that if there is a very small change in this blend proportion, the pollinator is no longer attracted. This study revealed that in highly specialized mutualistic interactions specificity could be mediated by a particular blend of common compounds emitted by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Proffit
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.
| | - Benoit Lapeyre
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Buatois
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoxia Deng
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Arnal
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Flora Gouzerh
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.,MIVEGEC, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - David Carrasco
- MIVEGEC, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Hossaert-McKey
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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11
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Altamar-Varón P, Pérez-Maldonado D, Rivera Trujillo F, Coy-Barrera E, Rodríguez-Caicedo D. Reproductive Behavior of Copitarsia uncilata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:353-360. [PMID: 32078137 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copitarsia sp. (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Cuculliinae) is a quarantine pest in different countries and affects diverse crops of economic importance in South America. The development of ethological control strategies is an important issue that requires knowing the reproductive behavior of the species involved. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the reproductive behavior of Copitarsia uncilata (Burgos & Leiva) and to evaluate the attractiveness of synthetic pheromone compounds under laboratory conditions. Observations of nocturnal reproductive behavior of males and females were performed for 7 days in order to register the courtship, mating, and oviposition time. Once the period of the highest reproductive activity was identified, flight behavior and attraction of virgin males were evaluated in a wind tunnel towards synthetic compounds previously reported as commercial pheromones for Copitarsia species, namely (Z)-tetradec-9-enyl acetate (Z9-14Ac), (Z)-tetradec-9-enol (Z9-14OH), and their mixture (Z9-14Ac + Z9-14OH at 4:1 ratio), in comparison with virgin females and clean air flow. We observed that reproductive behavior occurs during the first third of the scotophase and begins on the second day after adult emergence. Highest proportion of courtship and mating occurs on days 2 and 3 after emergence, and oviposition starts the night immediately after the first mating. Wind tunnel assessments showed that males were highly attracted to calling females compared with the blend of synthetic pheromone compounds, with 89% and 12% of males landing at the source, respectively. Moreover, males also showed a low response to the isolated compounds (Z9-14Ac 14% and Z9-14OH 4%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Rivera Trujillo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación agropecuaria (Agrosavia), Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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12
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Yeast Volatomes Differentially Affect Larval Feeding in an Insect Herbivore. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01761-19. [PMID: 31444202 PMCID: PMC6803314 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01761-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts interface insect herbivores with their food plants. Communication depends on volatile metabolites, and decoding this chemical dialogue is key to understanding the ecology of insect-yeast interactions. This study explores the volatomes of eight yeast species which have been isolated from foliage, from flowers or fruit, and from plant-feeding insects. These yeasts each release a rich bouquet of volatile metabolites, including a suite of known insect attractants from plant and floral scent. This overlap underlines the phylogenetic dimension of insect-yeast associations, which according to the fossil record long predate the appearance of flowering plants. Volatome composition is characteristic for each species, aligns with yeast taxonomy, and is further reflected by a differential behavioral response of cotton leafworm larvae, which naturally feed on foliage of a wide spectrum of broad-leaved plants. Larval discrimination may establish and maintain associations with yeasts and is also a substrate for designing sustainable insect management techniques. Yeasts form mutualistic interactions with insects. Hallmarks of this interaction include provision of essential nutrients, while insects facilitate yeast dispersal and growth on plant substrates. A phylogenetically ancient chemical dialogue coordinates this interaction, where the vocabulary, the volatile chemicals that mediate the insect response, remains largely unknown. Here, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by hierarchical cluster and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analyses, to profile the volatomes of six Metschnikowia spp., Cryptococcus nemorosus, and brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The yeasts, which are all found in association with insects feeding on foliage or fruit, emit characteristic, species-specific volatile blends that reflect the phylogenetic context. Species specificity of these volatome profiles aligned with differential feeding of cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) larvae on these yeasts. Bioactivity correlates with yeast ecology; phylloplane species elicited a stronger response than fruit yeasts, and larval discrimination may provide a mechanism for establishment of insect-yeast associations. The yeast volatomes contained a suite of insect attractants known from plant and especially floral headspace, including (Z)-hexenyl acetate, ethyl (2E,4Z)-deca-2,4-dienoate (pear ester), (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), linalool, α-terpineol, β-myrcene, or (E,E)-α-farnesene. A wide overlap of yeast and plant volatiles, notably floral scents, further emphasizes the prominent role of yeasts in plant-microbe-insect relationships, including pollination. The knowledge of insect-yeast interactions can be readily brought to practical application, as live yeasts or yeast metabolites mediating insect attraction provide an ample toolbox for the development of sustainable insect management. IMPORTANCE Yeasts interface insect herbivores with their food plants. Communication depends on volatile metabolites, and decoding this chemical dialogue is key to understanding the ecology of insect-yeast interactions. This study explores the volatomes of eight yeast species which have been isolated from foliage, from flowers or fruit, and from plant-feeding insects. These yeasts each release a rich bouquet of volatile metabolites, including a suite of known insect attractants from plant and floral scent. This overlap underlines the phylogenetic dimension of insect-yeast associations, which according to the fossil record long predate the appearance of flowering plants. Volatome composition is characteristic for each species, aligns with yeast taxonomy, and is further reflected by a differential behavioral response of cotton leafworm larvae, which naturally feed on foliage of a wide spectrum of broad-leaved plants. Larval discrimination may establish and maintain associations with yeasts and is also a substrate for designing sustainable insect management techniques.
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13
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Bari G, Scala A, Garzone V, Salvia R, Yalcin C, Vernile P, Aresta AM, Facini O, Baraldi R, Bufo SA, Vogel H, de Lillo E, Rapparini F, Falabella P. Chemical Ecology of Capnodis tenebrionis (L.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Behavioral and Biochemical Strategies for Intraspecific and Host Interactions. Front Physiol 2019; 10:604. [PMID: 31191334 PMCID: PMC6545930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on several aspects of communication strategies adopted by adults of the Mediterranean flat-headed root-borer Capnodis tenebrionis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Morphological studies on the structures involved in mate recognition and acceptance revealed the presence of porous areas in the pronota in both sexes. These areas were variable in shape and size, but proportionally larger in males. The presence of chaetic, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla in the antennae of both males and females was verified. Bioassays revealed stereotyped rituals in males and the involvement of female pronotal secretions in mate recognition and acceptance. During the mating assays, the female’s pronotum was covered by a biologically inert polymeric resin (DenFilTM), which prevented males from detecting the secretions and from completing the copulation ritual. The use of the resin allowed for the collection of chemical compounds. GC-MS analysis of the resin suggested it may be used to retain compounds from insect body surfaces and revealed sex-specific chemical profiles in the cuticles. Since adult C. tenebrionis may use volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from leaves or shoots, the VOC emission profiles of apricot trees were characterized. Several volatiles related to plant-insect interactions involving fruit tree species of the Rosaceae family and buprestid beetles were identified. To improve understanding of how VOCs are perceived, candidate soluble olfactory proteins involved in chemoreception (odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins) were identified using tissue and sex-specific RNA-seq data. The implications for chemical identification, physiological and ecological functions in intraspecific communication and insect–host interactions are discussed and potential applications for monitoring presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bari
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Scala
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vita Garzone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cem Yalcin
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Syngenta, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pasqua Vernile
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Osvaldo Facini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabino A Bufo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Enrico de Lillo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Rapparini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
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14
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de Fouchier A, Sun X, Caballero-Vidal G, Travaillard S, Jacquin-Joly E, Montagné N. Behavioral Effect of Plant Volatiles Binding to Spodoptera littoralis Larval Odorant Receptors. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:264. [PMID: 30483075 PMCID: PMC6240680 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects use volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by plants to orient towards their hosts. In lepidopteran pests, crop damages are caused by larval stages-the caterpillars-that feed extensively on leaves or other plant tissues. However, larval host plant choice has been poorly studied, and it is generally admitted that caterpillars feed on the plant where the female laid the eggs. The mobility of caterpillars has been generally overlooked even though several studies showed that they can orient towards odors and change host plant. Recently, a large number of odorant receptors (ORs) tuned to plant volatiles have been characterized in the model pest moth Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae). In the present work, we identified nine of these deorphanized ORs as expressed in S. littoralis caterpillars. In order to understand whether these ORs are involved in host searching, we tested the behavioral significance of their ligands using a larval two-choice assay. This OR-guided approach led to the identification of nine plant volatiles, namely 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, (Z)3-hexenol, (E)2-hexenol, indole, DMNT and (Z)3-hexenyl acetate, which are active on S. littoralis caterpillar behavior, increasing our knowledge on larval olfactory abilities. To further explore the link between OR activation and behavioral output induced by plant volatiles we used a modeling approach, thereby allowing identification of some ORs whose activation is related to caterpillar attraction. These ORs may be promising targets for future plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris and Versailles, France
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15
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Volatiles from Aquilaria sinensis damaged by Heortia vitessoides larvae deter the conspecific gravid adults and attract its predator Cantheconidea concinna. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15067. [PMID: 30305665 PMCID: PMC6180080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of induced plant responses on herbivores are categorised as direct, by reducing herbivore development, or indirect, by affecting the performance of natural enemies. Here, we investigated a tritrophic system, which included the herbivore Heortia vitessoides, its host plant Aquilaria sinensis, and its predator Cantheconidea concinna. Herbivore-damaged A. sinensis plants released significantly greater amounts of volatiles than undamaged and mechanically damaged plants, with an obvious temporal trend. One day after initial herbivore damage, A. sinensis plants released large amounts of volatile compounds. Volatile compounds release gradually decreased over the next 3 d. The composition and relative concentrations of the electroantennographic detection (EAD)-active compounds, emitted after herbivore damage, varied significantly over the 4-d measurement period. In wind tunnel bioassays, mated H. vitessoides females showed a preference for undamaged plants over herbivore and mechanically damaged A. sinensis plants. In Y-tube bioassays, C. concinna preferred odours from herbivore-damaged plants to those from undamaged plants, especially after the early stages of insect attack. Our results indicate that the herbivore-induced compounds produced in response to attack by H. vitessoides larvae on A. sinensis plants could be used by both the herbivores themselves and their natural enemies to locate suitable host plants and prey, respectively.
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16
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Borrero-Echeverry F, Bengtsson M, Nakamuta K, Witzgall P. Plant odor and sex pheromone are integral elements of specific mate recognition in an insect herbivore. Evolution 2018; 72:2225-2233. [PMID: 30095166 PMCID: PMC6220987 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Specific mate recognition relies on the chemical senses in most animals, and especially in nocturnal insects. Two signal types mediate premating olfactory communication in terrestrial habitats: sex pheromones, which blend into an atmosphere of plant odorants. We show that host plant volatiles affect the perception of sex pheromone in males of the African cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and that pheromone and plant volatiles are not perceived as independent messages. In clean air, S. littoralis males are attracted to single synthetic pheromone components or even the pheromone of a sibling species, oriental cotton leafworm S. litura. Presence of host plant volatiles, however, reduces the male response to deficient or heterospecific pheromone signals. That plant cues enhance discrimination of sex pheromone quality confirms the idea that specific mate recognition in noctuid moths has evolved in concert with adaptation to host plants. Shifts in either female host preference or sex pheromone biosynthesis give rise to new communication channels that have the potential to initiate or contribute to reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Chemical Ecology Unit, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden
| | - Kiyoshi Nakamuta
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Chemical Ecology Unit, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden
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17
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Huang XZ, Xiao YT, Köllner TG, Jing WX, Kou JF, Chen JY, Liu DF, Gu SH, Wu JX, Zhang YJ, Guo YY. The terpene synthase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum harbors a linalool synthase GhTPS12 implicated in direct defence responses against herbivores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:261-274. [PMID: 29044662 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced terpenes have been reported to function as ecological signals in plant-insect interactions. Here, we showed that insect-induced cotton volatile blends contained 16 terpenoid compounds with a relatively high level of linalool. The high diversity of terpene production is derived from a large terpene synthase (TPS) gene family. The TPS gene family of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium raimondii consist of 46 and 41 members, respectively. Twelve TPS genes (GhTPS4-15) could be isolated, and protein expression in Escherichia coli revealed catalytic activity for eight GhTPS. The upregulation of the majority of these eight genes additionally supports the function of these genes in herbivore-induced volatile biosynthesis. Furthermore, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants overexpressing GhTPS12 were generated, which produced relatively large amounts of (3S)-linalool. In choice tests, female adults of Helicoverpa armigera laid fewer eggs on transgenic plants compared with non-transformed controls. Meanwhile, Myzus persicae preferred feeding on wild-type leaves over leaves of transgenic plants. Our findings demonstrate that transcript accumulation of multiple TPS genes is mainly responsible for the production and diversity of herbivore-induced volatile terpenes in cotton. Also, these genes might play roles in plant defence, in particular, direct defence responses against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Wei-Xia Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Feng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Conchou L, Anderson P, Birgersson G. Host Plant Species Differentiation in a Polyphagous Moth: Olfaction is Enough. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:794-805. [PMID: 28812177 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyphagous herbivorous insects need to discriminate suitable from unsuitable host plants in complex plant communities. While studies on the olfactory system of monophagous herbivores have revealed close adaptations to their host plant's characteristic volatiles, such adaptive fine-tuning is not possible when a large diversity of plants is suitable. Instead, the available literature on polyphagous herbivore preferences suggests a higher level of plasticity, and a bias towards previously experienced plant species. It is therefore necessary to take into account the diversity of plant odors that polyphagous herbivores encounter in the wild in order to unravel the olfactory basis of their host plant choice behaviour. In this study we show that a polyphagous moth, Spodoptera littoralis, has the sensory ability to distinguish five host plant species using olfaction alone, this being a prerequisite to the ability to make a choice. We have used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) in order to describe host plant odor profiles as perceived by S. littoralis. We find that each plant emits specific combinations and proportions of GC-EAD active volatiles, leading to statistically distinct profiles. In addition, at least four of these plants show GC-EAD active compound proportions that are conserved across individual plants, a characteristic that enables insects to act upon previous olfactory experiences during host plant choice. By identifying the volatiles involved in olfactory differentiation of alternative host plants by Spodoptera littoralis, we set the groundwork for deeper investigations of how olfactory perceptions translate into behaviour in polyphagous herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Conchou
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
- UMR IEES, INRA, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026, Versailles, France.
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
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19
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de Fouchier A, Walker WB, Montagné N, Steiner C, Binyameen M, Schlyter F, Chertemps T, Maria A, François MC, Monsempes C, Anderson P, Hansson BS, Larsson MC, Jacquin-Joly E. Functional evolution of Lepidoptera olfactory receptors revealed by deorphanization of a moth repertoire. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15709. [PMID: 28580965 PMCID: PMC5465368 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects detect their hosts or mates primarily through olfaction, and olfactory receptors (ORs) are at the core of odorant detection. Each species has evolved a unique repertoire of ORs whose functional properties are expected to meet its ecological needs, though little is known about the molecular basis of olfaction outside Diptera. Here we report a pioneer functional analysis of a large array of ORs in a lepidopteran, the herbivorous pest Spodoptera littoralis. We demonstrate that most ORs are narrowly tuned to ubiquitous plant volatiles at low, relevant odorant titres. Our phylogenetic analysis highlights a basic conservation of function within the receptor repertoire of Lepidoptera, across the expansive evolutionary radiation of different major clades. Our study provides a reference for further studies of olfactory mechanisms in Lepidoptera, a historically crucial insect order in olfactory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Fouchier
- INRA, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - William B. Walker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Sorbonne Universités—UPMC University Paris 06, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Claudia Steiner
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
- Sorbonne Universités—UPMC University Paris 06, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
- Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Fredrik Schlyter
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Sorbonne Universités—UPMC University Paris 06, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Annick Maria
- Sorbonne Universités—UPMC University Paris 06, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie-Christine François
- INRA, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Monsempes
- INRA, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Bill S. Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mattias C. Larsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRA, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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20
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Giacomuzzi V, Cappellin L, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Schütz S, Tasin M, Knight AL, Angeli S. Emission of Volatile Compounds from Apple Plants Infested with Pandemis heparana Larvae, Antennal Response of Conspecific Adults, and Preliminary Field Trial. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1265-1280. [PMID: 27896554 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the volatile emission from apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., cv. Golden Delicious) foliage that was either intact, mechanically-damaged, or exposed to larval feeding by Pandemis heparana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Volatiles were collected by closed-loop-stripping-analysis and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in three time periods: after 1 h and again 24 and 48 h later. Volatiles for all treatments also were monitored continuously over a 72-h period by the use of proton transfer reaction - time of flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). In addition, the volatile samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) using male and female antennae of P. heparana. Twelve compounds were detected from intact foliage compared with 23 from mechanically-damaged, and 30 from P. heparana-infested foliage. Interestingly, six compounds were released only by P. heparana-infested foliage. The emission dynamics of many compounds measured by PTR-ToF-MS showed striking differences according to the timing of herbivory and the circadian cycle. For example, the emission of green leaf volatiles began shortly after the start of herbivory, and increased over time independently from the light-dark cycle. Conversely, the emission of terpenes and aromatic compounds showed a several-hour delay in response to herbivory, and followed a diurnal rhythm. Methanol was the only identified volatile showing a nocturnal rhythm. Consistent GC-EAD responses were found for sixteen compounds, including five aromatic ones. A field trial in Sweden demonstrated that benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetonitrile, and indole lures placed in traps were not attractive to Pandemis spp. adults, but 2-phenylethanol and phenylacetonitrile when used in combination with acetic acid were attractive to both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Giacomuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge,, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Stefan Schütz
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Tasin
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Unit of Integrated Plant Protection, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Växtskyddsvägen 3, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Alan L Knight
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA.
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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21
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Gonzalez F, Bengtsson JM, Walker WB, Sousa MFR, Cattaneo AM, Montagné N, de Fouchier A, Anfora G, Jacquin-Joly E, Witzgall P, Ignell R, Bengtsson M. A Conserved Odorant Receptor Detects the Same 1-Indanone Analogs in a Tortricid and a Noctuid Moth. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Hatano E, Saveer AM, Borrero-Echeverry F, Strauch M, Zakir A, Bengtsson M, Ignell R, Anderson P, Becher PG, Witzgall P, Dekker T. A herbivore-induced plant volatile interferes with host plant and mate location in moths through suppression of olfactory signalling pathways. BMC Biol 2015; 13:75. [PMID: 26377197 PMCID: PMC4571119 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plants under herbivore attack release volatiles that attract natural enemies, and herbivores in turn avoid such plants. Whilst herbivore-induced plant volatile blends appeared to reduce the attractiveness of host plants to herbivores, the volatiles that are key in this process and particularly the way in which deterrence is coded in the olfactory system are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that herbivore-induced cotton volatiles suppress orientation of the moth Spodoptera littoralis to host plants and mates. Results We found that (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), an induced volatile, is key in herbivore deterrence: DMNT suppressed plant odour- and pheromone-induced behaviours. We then dissected the neurophysiological basis of this interaction. DMNT-responding glomeruli were also activated by other plant compounds, suggesting that S. littoralis possesses no segregated olfactory circuit dedicated exclusively to DMNT. Instead, DMNT suppressed responses to the main pheromone component, (Z)-9-(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and primarily to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, a host plant attractant. Conclusion Our study shows that olfactory sensory inhibition, which has previously been reported without reference to an animal’s ecology, can be at the core of coding of ecologically relevant odours. As DMNT attracts natural enemies and deters herbivores, it may be useful in the development or enhancement of push-pull strategies for sustainable agriculture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0188-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hatano
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Ahmed M Saveer
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | - Felipe Borrero-Echeverry
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. .,Biological Control Laboratory, Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Km 14 via Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia.
| | - Martin Strauch
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Present address: Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 16, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ali Zakir
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan.
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
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