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Qiao D, Yang C, Mi X, Tang M, Liang S, Chen Z. Genome-wide identification of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) BAHD acyltransferases reveals their role in response to herbivorous pests. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38561653 PMCID: PMC10985903 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BAHD acyltransferases are among the largest metabolic protein domain families in the genomes of terrestrial plants and play important roles in plant growth and development, aroma formation, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Little is known about the BAHDs in the tea plant, a cash crop rich in secondary metabolites. RESULTS In this study, 112 BAHD genes (CsBAHD01-CsBAHD112) were identified from the tea plant genome, with 85% (98/112) unevenly distributed across the 15 chromosomes. The number of BAHD gene family members has significantly expanded from wild tea plants to the assamica type to the sinensis type. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be classified into seven subgroups. Promoter cis-acting element analysis revealed that they contain a large number of light, phytohormones, and stress-responsive elements. Many members displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. CsBAHD05 was expressed at more than 500-fold higher levels in purple tea leaves than in green tea leaves. The genes exhibiting the most significant response to MeJA treatment and feeding by herbivorous pests were primarily concentrated in subgroups 5 and 6. The expression of 23 members of these two subgroups at different time points after feeding by tea green leafhoppers and tea geometrids was examined via qPCR, and the results revealed that the expression of CsBAHD93, CsBAHD94 and CsBAHD95 was significantly induced after the tea plants were subjected to feeding by both pricking and chewing pests. Moreover, based on the transcriptome data for tea plants being fed on by these two pests, a transcriptional regulatory network of different transcription factor genes coexpressed with these 23 members was constructed. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the role of BAHDs in the defense response of tea plants, and will facilitate in-depth studies of the molecular function of BAHDs in resistance to herbivorous pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahe Qiao
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Sihui Liang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengwu Chen
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
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Yamauchi A, Takabayashi J, Shiojiri K, Karban R. Evolution of sensitivity to warning cues from kin in plants with a structured population. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11057. [PMID: 38384830 PMCID: PMC10879904 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants exchange a variety of information intra- and interspecifically by using various mediating cues. For example, plant individuals that are injured by herbivores release volatile chemicals, which induce receiver plants to express anti-herbivore resistance. Remarkably, some plant species were known to represent kin specificity in the response, where cues from a damaged individual induce a higher level of resistance in a kin receiver than in a non-kin receiver. Such higher sensitivity to warning cues from kin could be advantageous via two mechanisms. If each herbivore tends to attack plants with a certain genotype, plants should be more sensitive to warning cues from kin that share genetic properties. In addition, if herbivores successively attack the neighboring plant with a high probability, and if related plants tend to grow in close proximity, plants may be more sensitive to warning cues from neighboring kin under the presence of a trade-off between sensitivity to kin and non-kin. In the present study, we constructed a mathematical model including those mechanisms to investigate the evolutionary process of the higher sensitivity to warning cues from kin than sensitivities to cues from non-kin. According to the analysis of evolutionary dynamics, we revealed that both mechanisms could contribute, although higher sensitivity to cues from kin is more likely to evolve when the spatial range of competition is greater than the range of effective alarm cues. This result highlights the importance of the competition regime in the evolution of signaling among kin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Karban
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Jiang Y, Xiu C, Pan H, Liu X. Recruitment of Hippodamia variegata by active volatiles from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Alhagi sparsifolia plants infested with Aphis atrata. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:355-365. [PMID: 37691614 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a dominant predatory natural enemy species in cotton-planting, is a key biological control agent for aphids in China. Our previous study showed that herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Fisch.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) and Alhagi sparsifolia (Desv.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants infested with Aphis atrata (Zhang) (Homoptera: Aphididae), were important semiochemicals for Hippodamia variegata to locate aphids. However, little was known about the varieties and function of active volatiles from HIPVs of the two plant species. RESULTS In this study, results from gas chromatography-electroantennography detection (GC-EAD) demonstrated that seven HIPVs (butyl acrylate, α-pinene, butyl isobutyrate, β-pinene, butyl butyrate, 1,3-diethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene) identified from the two damaged plant species elicited antennal responses from Hippodamia variegata. Also, results from gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the concentrations of the seven active volatiles were significantly higher than those from corresponding healthy plants. Hippodamia variegata exhibited varying degrees of response to each active volatile in electroantennography (EAG) trials, however, only α-pinene, butyl isobutyrate, β-pinene and butyl butyrate significantly attracted Hippodamia variegata in behavioral trials conducted in the laboratory. They also had a better trapping effect on Hippodamia variegata in cotton fields. CONCLUSION Four active compounds (α-pinene, butyl isobutyrate, β-pinene and butyl butyrate) identified from two damaged plant species were considered the most effective HIPVs that attract Hippodamia variegata. These findings provide possibilities for the development of Hippodamia variegata attractants. They also provide a theoretical basis for the biological prevention and control of aphids using Hippodamia variegata. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Korla, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chunli Xiu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Pan
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Korla, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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Rodrigo F, Burgueño AP, González A, Rossini C. Better Together: Volatile-Mediated Intraguild Effects on the Preference of Tuta absoluta and Trialeurodes vaporariorum for Tomato Plants. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:725-741. [PMID: 37924423 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions have been extensively studied in tomato plants and their most common pests. Tomato plant chemical defenses, both constitutive and inducible, play a role in mediating these interactions. Damaged tomato plants alter their volatile profiles, affecting herbivore preferences between undamaged and damaged plants. However, previous studies on tomato volatiles and herbivore preferences have yielded conflicting results, both in the volatile chemistry itself as well as in the attraction/repellent herbivore response. This study revisits the volatile-mediated interactions between tomato plants and two of their main herbivores: the leafminer Tuta absoluta and the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Tomato plant volatiles were analyzed before and after damage by each of these herbivores, and the preference for oviposition (T. absoluta) and settling (T. vaporariorum) on undamaged and damaged plants was assessed both after conspecific and heterospecific damage. We found that both insects consistently preferred damaged plants over undamaged plants. The emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) increased after T. absoluta damage but decreased after T. vaporariorum damage. While some of our findings are in line with previous reports, T. absoluta preferred to oviposit on plants damaged by conspecifics, which differs from earlier studies. A comparison of HIPVs emitted after damage by T. absoluta and T. vaporariorum revealed differences in up- or down-regulation, as well as significant variations in specific compounds (12 for T. absoluta and 26 for T. vaporariorum damaged-plants). Only two compounds, β-caryophyllene and tetradecane, significantly varied because of damage by either herbivore, in line with the overall variation of the HIPV blend. Differences in HIPVs and herbivore preferences may be attributed to the distinct feeding habits of both herbivores, which activate different defensive pathways in plants. The plant's challenge in simultaneously activating both defensive pathways may explain the preference for heterospecific damaged plants found in this study, which are also in line with our own observations in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodrigo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A P Burgueño
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A González
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - C Rossini
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay.
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Wang M, Han S, Wu Y, Lin J, Zhou J, Han B. Tea green leafhopper-induced synomone attracts the egg parasitoids, mymarids to suppress the leafhopper. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3785-3795. [PMID: 37237428 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens is the most important pest of tea plants in China. Mymarid attractants based on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) from leafhopper feeding and oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs) were formulated and tested as a novel pest control agent against the leafhopper in tea plantations. RESULTS Results showed that two mymarid species, Stethynium empoascae and Schizophragma parvula, had a reducing effect on leafhopper populations. The HIPVs and OIPVs were identified and bioassayed to screen the key synomones showing strong attraction to the mymarids. They were formulated into different blends, of which Field Attractant 1, comprising linalool, methyl salicylate, (E)-2-hexenal, perillen and α-farnesene at ratio of 1:2:3:58:146 (20 mg/lure), showed the strongest attraction to the mymarids. In field trials with the attractant, the average parasitism rate (60.46 ± 23.71%) of tea leafhoppers by the two mymarids in the attractant-baited area was significantly higher than that (42.85 ± 19.24%) in the CK area. Also, the average leafhopper density (46 ± 30 per 80 tea shoots) in the attractant-baited area was significantly lower than that (110 ± 70 per 80 tea shoots) in the CK area. CONCLUSION This study showed that a synthetic blend of key volatiles from HIPVs and OIPVs at an optimal ratio can be formulated into an attractant with the potential to attract and retain wild mymarid populations to suppress leafhopper populations in infested tea plantations, so as to reduce or avoid the spraying of insecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanjie Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Lin
- Shanghai Farm Co., Ltd. of Bright Food Group, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiangxuan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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Teng D, Jing W, Lv B, Huang X, Zhao D, Kou J, Liu X, Dhiloo KH, Zhang Y. Two jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferases in Gossypium hirsutum involved in MeJA biosynthesis may contribute to plant defense. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1249226. [PMID: 37731981 PMCID: PMC10508841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the crucial plant hormones, can induce the emission of plant volatiles and regulate the behavioral responses of insect pests or their natural enemies. In this study, two jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferases (JMTs), GhJMT1 and GhJMT2, involved in MeJA biosynthesis in Gossypium. hirsutum were identified and further functionally confirmed. In vitro, recombinant GhJMT1 and GhJMT2 were both responsible for the conversion of JA to MeJA. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) measurement indicated that GhJMT1 and GhJMT2 were obviously up-regulated in leaves and stems of G. hirsutum after being treated with MeJA. In gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, MeJA treatment significantly induced plant volatiles emission such as (E)-β-ocimene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool and (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), which play vital roles in direct and indirect plant defenses. Moreover, antennae of parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator showed electrophysiological responses to MeJA, β-ocimene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and linalool at a dose dependent manner, while our previous research revealed that DMNT excites electrophysiological responses and behavioral tendencies. These findings provide a better understanding of MeJA biosynthesis and defense regulation in upland cotton, which lay a foundation to JA and MeJA employment in agricultural pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixia Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Khalid Hussain Dhiloo
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kutty NN, Mishra M. Dynamic distress calls: volatile info chemicals induce and regulate defense responses during herbivory. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1135000. [PMID: 37416879 PMCID: PMC10322200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously threatened by a plethora of biotic stresses caused by microbes, pathogens, and pests, which often act as the major constraint in crop productivity. To overcome such attacks, plants have evolved with an array of constitutive and induced defense mechanisms- morphological, biochemical, and molecular. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a class of specialized metabolites that are naturally emitted by plants and play an important role in plant communication and signaling. During herbivory and mechanical damage, plants also emit an exclusive blend of volatiles often referred to as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). The composition of this unique aroma bouquet is dependent upon the plant species, developmental stage, environment, and herbivore species. HIPVs emitted from infested and non-infested plant parts can prime plant defense responses by various mechanisms such as redox, systemic and jasmonate signaling, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and transcription factors; mediate histone modifications; and can also modulate the interactions with natural enemies via direct and indirect mechanisms. These specific volatile cues mediate allelopathic interactions leading to altered transcription of defense-related genes, viz., proteinase inhibitors, amylase inhibitors in neighboring plants, and enhanced levels of defense-related secondary metabolites like terpenoids and phenolic compounds. These factors act as deterrents to feeding insects, attract parasitoids, and provoke behavioral changes in plants and their neighboring species. This review presents an overview of the plasticity identified in HIPVs and their role as regulators of plant defense in Solanaceous plants. The selective emission of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) including hexanal and its derivatives, terpenes, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) inducing direct and indirect defense responses during an attack from phloem-sucking and leaf-chewing pests is discussed. Furthermore, we also focus on the recent developments in the field of metabolic engineering focused on modulation of the volatile bouquet to improve plant defenses.
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Valle D, Mujica V, Gonzalez A. Herbivore-Dependent Induced Volatiles in Pear Plants Cause Differential Attractive Response by Lacewing Larvae. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:262-275. [PMID: 36690765 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biological control may benefit from the behavioral manipulation of natural enemies using volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Among these, herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) provide potential tools for attracting or retaining predators and parasitoids of insect pests. This work aimed to characterize the VOCs emitted by pear plants in response to attack by Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a major pest in pear orchards, to compare these with VOCs induced by a leaf chewing insect, Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and to evaluate the behavioral response of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to HIPVs from pear plants damaged by either herbivore. The results demonstrated that plants damaged by the pear psylla emitted VOC blends with increased amounts of aliphatic aldehydes. Leafroller damage resulted in increased amounts of benzeneacetonitrile, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, β-ocimene and caryophyllene. In olfactometer bioassays, larvae of C. externa were attracted to herbivore-damaged plants when contrasted with undamaged plants. When plant odors from psylla-damaged were contrasted with those of leafroller-damaged plants, C.externa preferred the former, also showing shorter response lag-times and higher response rates when psylla-damaged plants were present. Our results suggest that pear plants respond to herbivory by modifying their volatile profile, and that psylla-induced volatiles may be used as prey-specific chemical cues by chrysopid larvae. Our study is the first to report HIPVs in pear plants attacked by C. bidens, as well as the attraction of C. externa to psyllid-induced volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Valle
- Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Canelones, Uruguay.
| | - V Mujica
- Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - A Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ming L, Du YW, Yuan GG, Su Q, Shi XB, Yu H, Chen G. Spodoptera litura larvae are attracted by HvAV-3h-infected S. litura larvae-damaged pepper leaves. Pest Manag Sci 2023. [PMID: 36905637 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important self-defense outputs of pepper plants to resist insect pests. Ascoviruses are pathogenic to the larvae of most lepidopteran vegetable pests. However, whether Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h)-infected Spodoptera litura larvae can change pepper leaf HIPVs is not well understood. RESULTS Spodoptera litura larvae preferred S. litura-infested leaves, and this preference was stronger with longer duration of S. litura infestation. In addition, S. litura larvae significantly chose pepper leaves damaged by HvAV-3h-infected S. litura over the healthy pepper leaves. Results also showed that S. litura larvae preferred leaves mechanically damaged and treated with oral secretions from HvAV-3h infected-S. litura larvae in a simulation test. We captured the volatiles emitted by leaves under six treatments. Results showed that the volatile profile changed with the different treatments. Testing of volatile blends, prepared to the proportion released showed that the blend from simulated HvAV-3h-infected S. litura larvae-damaged plants was the most attractive to S. litura larvae. Further, we also found that some of the compounds significantly attracted S. litura larvae at specific concentrations. CONCLUSION HvAV-3h-infected S. litura can alter the release of HIPVs in pepper plants and thus become more attractive to S. litura larvae. We speculate that this may be due to alterations in the concentration of some compounds (such as geranylacetone and prohydrojasmon) affecting the behavior of S. litura larvae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Ming
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Wen Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge-Ge Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Shi
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Xu Q, Wu C, Xiao D, Jin Z, Zhang C, Hatt S, Guo X, Wang S. Ecological function of key volatiles in Vitex negundo infested by Aphis gossypii. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1090559. [PMID: 36714696 PMCID: PMC9879570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are key components of plant-herbivorous-natural enemies communications. Indeed, plants respond to herbivores feeding by releasing HIPVs to attract natural enemies. The present study analyses the effect of HIPVs of Vitex negundo (Lamiaceae), an indigenous plant species in northern China, on the predatory ladybug species Harmonia axyridis. Y-tube olfactometer bioassay showed that H. axyridis adults were significantly attracted by V. negundo infested by the aphid Aphis gossypii. We analyzed and compared volatile profiles between healthy and A. gossypii infested V. negundo, screened out the candidate active HIPVs mediated by A. gossypii which could attract H. axyridis, and tested the olfactory behavior of the candidate active compounds on H. axyridis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that five volatile compounds were significantly up-regulated after V. negundo infestation by A. gossypii, and five substances were significantly down-regulated in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. The olfactory behavior response showed that H. axyridis has significant preference for sclareol, eucalyptol, nonanal and α-terpineol, indicating that this chemical compounds are the important volatiles released by V. negundo to attract H. axyridis. This study preliminarily clarified that V. negundo release HIPVs to attract natural enemies when infected by herbivorous insects. The description of the volatile emission profile enriches the theoretical system of insect-induced volatile-mediated plant defense function of woody plants. Applications in crop protection would lie in designing original strategies to naturally control aphids in orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changbing Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Da Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Changrong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Séverin Hatt
- Agroecology and Organic Farming, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiao D, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhan Y, Liu Y. Exogenous Application of a Plant Elicitor Induces Volatile Emission in Wheat and Enhances the Attraction of an Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3496. [PMID: 36559606 PMCID: PMC9785975 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant elicitors can induce plant defense against pests. The herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) methyl salicylate (MeSA), as a signaling hormone involved in plant pathogen defense, is used to recruit natural enemies to protect wheat and other crops. However, the defense mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, the headspace volatiles of wheat plants were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that exogenous application of MeSA induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the volatiles emitted from wheat plants, and these changes were mainly related to Carveol, Linalool, m-Diethyl-benzene, p-Cymene, Nonanal, D-limonene and 6-methyl-5-Hepten-2-one. Then, the electroantennogram (EAG) and Y-tube bioassay were performed to test the physiological and behavioral responses of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmesd to the active volatile compounds (p-Cymene, m-Diethyl-benzene, Carveol) that identified by using GC-EAD. The female A. gifuensis showed strong physiological responses to 1 μg/μL p-Cymene and 1 μg/μL m-Diethyl-benzene. Moreover, a mixture blend was more attractive to female A. gifuensis than a single compound. These findings suggested that MeSA could induce wheat plant indirect defense against wheat aphids through attracting parasitoid in the wheat agro-ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhao Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yulong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yidi Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
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12
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Leroy N, Martin C, Arguelles Arias A, Cornélis JT, Verheggen FJ. If All Else Fails: Impact of Silicon Accumulation in Maize Leaves on Volatile Emissions and Oviposition Site Selection of Spodoptera exigua Hübner. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:841-849. [PMID: 36302913 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) fertilization alleviates biotic stresses in plants. Si enhances plant resistance against phytophagous insects through physical and biochemical mechanisms. In particular, Si modifies jasmonic acid levels and the emissions of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Here, we investigated whether Si accumulation in the tissues of maize leaves modifies the emissions of constitutive and herbivore-induced plant volatiles, with cascade deterrent effects on oviposition site selection by Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Maize plants were cultivated in a hydroponic system under three Si concentrations, resulting in three groups of plants expressing different Si concentrations in their tissues (0.31 ± 0.04, 4.69 ± 0.49, and 9.56 ± 0.30 g Si. Kg- 1 DW). We collected volatiles from undamaged and caterpillar-infested plants, and found that Si concentration in plant tissues had no significant impact. Jasmonic acid content was high in insect-infested plants, but was similar across all Si treatments. Oviposition site selection bioassays using fertilized S. exigua females showed that Si concentration in plant tissues did not affect the number of eggs laid on Si-treated plants. In conclusion, our study shows that the Si content in maize tissues does not impact the semiochemical interactions with S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leroy
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Clément Martin
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Anthony Arguelles Arias
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornélis
- Water-Soil-Plant Exchanges, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Avenue Maréchal Juin 27, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - François J Verheggen
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Caselli A, Favaro R, Petacchi R, Angeli S. Infestation of the gall midge Dasineura oleae provides first evidence of induced plant volatiles in olive leaves. Bull Entomol Res 2022; 112:481-493. [PMID: 34930508 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the first characterization of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) released from infested olive leaves. The gall midge Dasineura oleae is a specific pest of Olea europaea and endemic of the Mediterranean Basin, an area in which severe outbreaks currently occurred. Little is known about the damage caused by the pest and the relationship with its host. Since gall formation and larval feeding activity may lead to the release of specific plant volatile compounds, we investigated the volatile profiles emitted from infested plants compared with healthy plants under both laboratory and field conditions. Additionally, the volatiles emitted from mechanically damaged plants were considered. A blend of 12 volatiles was emitted from olive trees infested by D. oleae. Of these, β-copaene, β-ocimene, cosmene, unknown 1 and unknown 3 were found to be exclusively emitted in infested plants. The emission of germacrene-D, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and (Z,E)-α-farnesene, α-copaene, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, (E)-β-guaiene and heptadecane significantly increased in infested trees. Linalool, β-copaen-4-α-ol, β-bourbonene, β-cubebene, β-elemene, β-copaene and δ-amorphene were found only in the field trial and showed differences depending on the level of infestation and the plant stage. (Z)-3-Hexenol, (E)-4-oxohen-2-enal, and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol, were exclusively emitted from the leaves after mechanical damage. In a field trial in Italy, we also demonstrated spring synchronization between adults of D. oleae and O. europaea trees. Analyses of morphoanatomical malformations of gall leaves showed that tissue alterations occur at the spongy parenchyma causing an increase of the leaf blade thickness. We speculate that tissue alterations may lead to HIPV release, in turn potentially attracting D. oleae natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caselli
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Favaro
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ruggero Petacchi
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Qin RM, Wen P, Corlett RT, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen J. Plant-defense mimicry facilitates rapid dispersal of short-lived seeds by hornets. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3429-3435.e5. [PMID: 35777364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rates of seed dispersal have rarely been considered important. Here, we demonstrate through field observations and experiments that rapid dispersal is essential for the unusually short-lived seeds of Aquilaria sinensis (agarwood; Thymelaeaceae), which desiccate and die within hours of exposure by fruit dehiscence in the hot, dry forest canopy in tropical southwest China. We show that three species of Vespa hornets remove most seeds within minutes of exposure. The hornets consume only the fleshy elaiosomes and deposit most seeds in damp shade, where they can germinate, a mean of 166 m from the parent tree. Electrophysiological assays and field experiments demonstrate that the hornets are attracted by highly volatile short-carbon-chain (C5-C9) compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and acids, emitted from the dehiscent fruit capsule. These attractive fruit volatiles share 14 of 17 major electrophysiologically active compounds with those emitted from herbivore-damaged leaves, which attract predators, including hornets. Rapid seed dispersal thus appears to have been achieved in this species by the re-purposing of a rapid indirect defense mechanism. We predict that rapid seed dispersal by various mechanisms will be more widespread than currently documented and suggest that volatile attractants are more effective in facilitating this than visual signals, which are blocked by vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yuanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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15
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Jing T, Qian X, Du W, Gao T, Li D, Guo D, He F, Yu G, Li S, Schwab W, Wan X, Sun X, Song C. Herbivore-induced volatiles influence moth preference by increasing the β-Ocimene emission of neighbouring tea plants. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:3667-3680. [PMID: 34449086 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles prime neighbouring plants to respond more strongly to subsequent attacks. However, the key volatiles that trigger this state and their priming mechanisms remain largely unknown. The tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua is one of the most devastating leaf-feeding pests of tea plants. Here, plant-plant communication experiments demonstrated that volatiles emitted from tea plants infested by E. obliqua larvae triggered neighbouring plants to release volatiles that repel E. obliqua adult, especially mated females. Volatile analyses revealed that the quantity of eight volatiles increased dramatically when plants were exposed to volatiles emitted by infested tea plants, including (Z)-3-hexenol, linalool, α-farnesene, β-Ocimene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT). The results of behavioural bioassays demonstrated that β-Ocimene strongly repelled mated E. obliqua females. Individual volatile compound exposure experiments revealed that (Z)-3-hexenol, linalool, α-farnesene and DMNT triggered the emission of β-Ocimene from tea plants. Chemical inhibition experiments demonstrated that the emission of β-Ocimene induced by (Z)-3-hexenol, linalool, α-farnesene and DMNT were dependent on Ca2+ and JA signalling. These findings help us to understand how E. obliqua moths respond to volatiles emitted from tea plants and provide new insight into volatile-mediated plant-plant interactions. They have potential significance for the development of novel insect and pest control strategies in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaona Qian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Danyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan He
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guomeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Ayelo PM, Yusuf AA, Pirk CW, Chailleux A, Mohamed SA, Deletre E. Terpenes from herbivore-induced tomato plant volatiles attract Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of major tomato pests. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:5255-5267. [PMID: 34310838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control plays a key role in reducing crop damage by Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), which cause huge yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) preys heavily on these pests, with satisfying control levels in tomato greenhouses. Although N. tenuis is known to be attracted to volatiles of tomato plants infested by T. absoluta and whitefly, little is known about the specific attractive compounds and the effect of prey density on the predator response. RESULTS Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that the attraction of N. tenuis to tomato volatiles was positively correlated with the density of T. absoluta infestation, unlike T. vaporariorum infestation. The predator was also attracted to volatiles of T. absoluta larval frass, but not to T. vaporariorum honeydew or T. absoluta sex pheromone. Among the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that characterised the attractive plants infested with 20 T. absoluta larvae, olfactometer bioassays revealed that N. tenuis is attracted to the monoterpenes α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene, β-phellandrene and β-ocimene, whereas (E)-β-caryophyllene was found to repel the predator. In dose-response bioassays, the five-component blend of the attractants elicited a relatively low attraction in the predator, and removal of β-phellandrene from the blend enhanced the attraction of the predator to the resulting four-component blend, suggesting synergism among four monoterpenes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a four-component blend of α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene and β-ocimene could be used as a kairomone-based lure to recruit the predator for the biological control of T. absoluta and T. vaporariorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Ayelo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Abdullahi A Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christian Ww Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Anaïs Chailleux
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Biopass2, Cirad-IRD-ISRA-UGB - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Université Gaston Berger, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emilie Deletre
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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Chen H, Su H, Zhang S, Jing T, Liu Z, Yang Y. The Effect of Mirid Density on Volatile-Mediated Foraging Behaviour of Apolygus lucorum and Peristenus spretus. Insects 2021; 12:870. [PMID: 34680639 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the widespread adoption of Bt cotton in the late 1990s, the green mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae), has become one of the most important pests in cotton fields and some other crops. To manage this destructive pest, Peristenus spretus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has been tested in augmentative biological control. In this study, after cotton plants were damaged by different densities of A. lucorum, the behavioral responses of A. lucorum and P. spretus to cotton plants volatiles were evaluated, and the quality and quantity of volatiles from cotton plants were analyzed. The results demonstrated that HIPVs emitted by plants in response to A. lucorum could be influenced by the pest density and could be identified by P. spretus as a signal of the host. Our results would help understand how P. spretus plays a role in biological control against A. lucorum. Abstract Plants would release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to repel herbivores and attract natural enemies after being damaged by herbivores. In this study, after cotton plants were damaged by different densities of Apolygus lucorum, the behavioral responses of A. lucorum and Peristenus spretus to cotton plants volatiles were evaluated, and the quality and quantity of volatiles from cotton plants were analyzed. Only when cotton plants were damaged by four bugs did both A. lucorum and P. spretus show an obvious response to damaged cotton plants, which indicates that cotton defense is correlated with pest density. The collection and analysis of volatiles reveals that the increase in pest density results in the emission of new compounds and an increase in the total number of volatiles with an alteration in proportions among the compounds in the blend. These changes in volatile profiles might provide wasps and mirids with specific information on host habitat quality and thus could explain the behavioral responses of parasitoids and pests.
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He J, Halitschke R, Schuman MC, Baldwin IT. Light dominates the diurnal emissions of herbivore-induced volatiles in wild tobacco. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:401. [PMID: 34461825 PMCID: PMC8404343 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing is everything when it comes to the fitness outcome of a plant's ecological interactions, and accurate timing is particularly relevant for interactions with herbivores or mutualists that are based on ephemeral emissions of volatile organic compounds. Previous studies of the wild tobacco N. attenuata have found associations between the diurnal timing of volatile emissions, and daytime predation of herbivores by their natural enemies. RESULTS Here, we investigated the role of light in regulating two biosynthetic groups of volatiles, terpenoids and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which dominate the herbivore-induced bouquet of N. attenuata. Light deprivation strongly suppressed terpenoid emissions while enhancing GLV emissions, albeit with a time lag. Silencing the expression of photoreceptor genes did not alter terpenoid emission rhythms, but silencing expression of the phytochrome gene, NaPhyB1, disordered the emission of the GLV (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. External abscisic acid (ABA) treatments increased stomatal resistance, but did not truncate the emission of terpenoid volatiles (recovered in the headspace). However, ABA treatment enhanced GLV emissions and leaf internal pools (recovered from tissue), and reduced internal linalool pools. In contrast to the pattern of diurnal terpenoid emissions and nocturnal GLV emissions, transcripts of herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) biosynthetic genes peaked during the day. The promotor regions of these genes were populated with various cis-acting regulatory elements involved in light-, stress-, phytohormone- and circadian regulation. CONCLUSIONS This research provides insights into the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of HIPV bouquets, a mechanistic complexity which rivals the functional complexity of HIPVs, which includes repelling herbivores, calling for body guards, and attracting pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema Street, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Current address: Departments of Geography and Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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Sam K, Kovarova E, Freiberga I, Uthe H, Weinhold A, Jorge LR, Sreekar R. Great tits ( Parus major) flexibly learn that herbivore-induced plant volatiles indicate prey location: An experimental evidence with two tree species. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10917-10925. [PMID: 34429890 PMCID: PMC8366880 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When searching for food, great tits (Parus major) can use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as an indicator of arthropod presence. Their ability to detect HIPVs was shown to be learned, and not innate, yet the flexibility and generalization of learning remain unclear.We studied if, and if so how, naïve and trained great tits (Parus major) discriminate between herbivore-induced and noninduced saplings of Scotch elm (Ulmus glabra) and cattley guava (Psidium cattleyanum). We chemically analyzed the used plants and showed that their HIPVs differed significantly and overlapped only in a few compounds.Birds trained to discriminate between herbivore-induced and noninduced saplings preferred the herbivore-induced saplings of the plant species they were trained to. Naïve birds did not show any preferences. Our results indicate that the attraction of great tits to herbivore-induced plants is not innate, rather it is a skill that can be acquired through learning, one tree species at a time.We demonstrate that the ability to learn to associate HIPVs with food reward is flexible, expressed to both tested plant species, even if the plant species has not coevolved with the bird species (i.e., guava). Our results imply that the birds are not capable of generalizing HIPVs among tree species but suggest that they either learn to detect individual compounds or associate whole bouquets with food rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Eliska Kovarova
- Faculty of SciencesUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Inga Freiberga
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Henriette Uthe
- Molecular Interaction EcologyInstitute of BiodiversityFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
- Molecular Interaction EcologyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction EcologyInstitute of BiodiversityFriedrich Schiller University JenaJenaGermany
- Molecular Interaction EcologyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- School of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Jing T, Du W, Gao T, Wu Y, Zhang N, Zhao M, Jin J, Wang J, Schwab W, Wan X, Song C. Herbivore-induced DMNT catalyzed by CYP82D47 plays an important role in the induction of JA-dependent herbivore resistance of neighboring tea plants. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1178-1191. [PMID: 32713005 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles play important ecological roles in defense against stresses. However, if and which volatile(s) are involved in the plant-plant communication in response to herbivorous insects in tea plants remains unknown. Here, plant-plant communication experiments confirm that volatiles emitted from insects-attacked tea plants can trigger plant resistance and reduce the risk of herbivore damage by inducing jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation in neighboring plants. The emission of six compounds was significantly induced by geometrid Ectropis obliqua, one of the most common pests of the tea plant in China. Among them, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) could induce the accumulation of JA and thus promotes the resistance of neighboring intact plants to herbivorous insects. CsCYP82D47 was identified for the first time as a P450 enzyme, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of DMNT from (E)-nerolidol. Down-regulation of CsCYP82D47 in tea plants resulted in a reduced accumulation of DMNT and significantly reduced the release of DMNT in response to the feeding of herbivorous insects. The first evidence for plant-plant communication in response to herbivores in tea plants will help to understand how plants respond to volatile cues in response to herbivores and provide new insight into the role(s) of DMNT in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Ayelo PM, Yusuf AA, Pirk CWW, Mohamed SA, Chailleux A, Deletre E. The Role of Trialeurodes vaporariorum-Infested Tomato Plant Volatiles in the Attraction of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:192-203. [PMID: 33452961 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural enemies locate their herbivorous host and prey through kairomones emitted by host plants and herbivores. These kairomones could be exploited to attract and retain natural enemies in crop fields for insect pest control. The parasitoid Encarsia formosa preferentially parasitises its whitefly host, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, a major pest of tomato Solanum lycopersicum, thus offering an effective way to improve whitefly control. However, little is known about the chemical interactions that occur in E. formosa-T. vaporariorum-S. lycopersicum tritrophic system. Using behavioural assays and chemical analyses, we investigated the kairomones mediating attraction of the parasitoid to host-infested tomato plants. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, unlike volatiles of healthy tomato plants, those of T. vaporariorum-infested tomato plants attracted E. formosa, and this response varied with host infestation density. Coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses revealed that host infestation densities induced varying qualitative and quantitative differences in volatile compositions between healthy and T. vaporariorum adult-infested tomato plants. Bioassays using synthetic chemicals revealed the attractiveness of 3-carene, β-ocimene, β-myrcene and α-phellandrene to the parasitoid, and the blend of the four compounds elicited the greatest attraction. Our results suggest that these terpenes could be used as an attractant lure to recruit the parasitoid E. formosa for the control of whiteflies in tomato crop fields.
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Hussain M, Gao J, Bano S, Wang L, Lin Y, Arthurs S, Qasim M, Mao R. Diamondback Moth Larvae Trigger Host Plant Volatiles that Lure Its Adult Females for Oviposition. Insects 2020; 11:E725. [PMID: 33114044 PMCID: PMC7690744 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM) is a destructive pest of crucifer crops. In this study, DBM larvae shown to herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that were attractive to adult females exposed in a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results showed that olfactory responses of adult females to HIPVs induced by third instar larvae feeding on Barbarea vulgaris were significantly higher (20.40 ± 1.78; mean moths (%) ± SD) than those induced by first instar larvae (14.80 ± 1.86; mean moths (%) ± SD). Meanwhile, a significant concentration of Sulphur-containing isothiocyanate, 3-methylsulfinylpropyl isothiocyanate, and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate were detected in HIPVs released by third instar larvae compared to those released by first instar larvae while feeding on B. vulgaris. When the DBM females were exposed to synthetic chemicals, singly and in blend form, a similar response was observed as to natural HIPVs. Our study demonstrated that the relationship between isothiocyanates acting as plant defense compounds, host plant cues emission and regulation of the DBM adult female behavior due to key volatile triggered by the DBM larvae feeding on B. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Jing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Summyya Bano
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education (MoE), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongwen Lin
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Runqian Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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23
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Li CZ, Sun H, Gao Q, Bian FY, Noman A, Xiao WH, Zhou GX, Lou YG. Host plants alter their volatiles to help a solitary egg parasitoid distinguish habitats with parasitized hosts from those without. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1740-1750. [PMID: 32170871 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When attacked by herbivores, plants emit volatiles to attract parasitoids and predators of herbivores. However, our understanding of the effect of plant volatiles on the subsequent behaviour of conspecific parasitoids when herbivores on plants are parasitized is limited. In this study, rice plants were infested with gravid females of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens for 24 hr followed by another 24 hr in which the BPH eggs on plants were permitted to be parasitized by their egg parasitoid, Anagrus nilaparvatae; volatiles from rice plants that underwent such treatment were less attractive to subsequent conspecific parasitoids compared to the volatiles from plants infested with gravid BPH females alone. Chemical analysis revealed that levels of JA and JA-Ile as well as of four volatile compounds-linalool, MeSA, α-zingiberene and an unknown compound-from plants infested with BPH and parasitized by wasps were significantly higher than levels of these compounds from BPH-infested plants. Laboratory and field bioassays revealed that one of the four increased chemicals-α-zingiberene-reduced the plant's attractiveness to the parasitoid. These results suggest that host plants can fine-tune their volatiles to help egg parasitoids distinguish host habitats with parasitized hosts from those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Bian
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Bamboo Resources and Utilization, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Yong-Gen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Volf M, Wirth C, van Dam NM. Localized defense induction in trees: a mosaic of leaf traits promoting variation in plant traits, predation, and communities of canopy arthropods? Am J Bot 2020; 107:545-548. [PMID: 32189332 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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25
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Salamanca J, Souza B, Kyryczenko-Roth V, Rodriguez-Saona C. Methyl Salicylate Increases Attraction and Function of Beneficial Arthropods in Cranberries. Insects 2019; 10:E423. [PMID: 31775223 PMCID: PMC6955811 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is an herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) known to attract the natural enemies of herbivores in agro-ecosystems; however, whether this attraction leads to an increase in natural enemy functioning, i.e., predation, remains largely unknown. Here, we monitored for 2 years (2011-2012) the response of herbivores and natural enemies to MeSA lures (PredaLure) by using sticky and pitfall traps in cranberry bogs. In addition, European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, egg masses were used to determine whether natural enemy attraction to MeSA leads to higher predation. In both years, MeSA increased adult hoverfly captures on sticky traps and augmented predation of O. nubilalis eggs. However, MeSA also attracted more phytophagous thrips and, in 2012, more plant bugs (Miridae) to sticky traps. Furthermore, we used surveillance cameras to record the identity of natural enemies attracted to MeSA and measure their predation rate. Video recordings showed that MeSA lures increase visitation by adult lady beetles, adult hoverflies, and predatory mites to sentinel eggs, and predation of these eggs doubled compared to no-lure controls. Our data indicate that MeSA lures increase predator attraction, resulting in increased predation; thus, we provide evidence that attraction to HIPVs can increase natural enemy functioning in an agro-ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá 110111, Colombia
| | - Brígida Souza
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brasil;
| | - Vera Kyryczenko-Roth
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA; (V.K.-R.); (C.R.-S.)
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA; (V.K.-R.); (C.R.-S.)
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Vosteen I, van den Meiracker N, Poelman EH. Getting confused: learning reduces parasitoid foraging efficiency in some environments with non-host-infested plants. Oecologia 2019; 189:919-930. [PMID: 30929072 PMCID: PMC6486909 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Foraging animals face the difficult task to find resources in complex environments that contain conflicting information. The presence of a non-suitable resource that provides attractive cues can be expected to confuse foraging animals and to reduce their foraging efficiency. We used the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata to study the effect of non-host-infested plants and associative learning on parasitoid foraging efficiency. Inexperienced C. glomerata did not prefer volatiles emitted from host (Pieris brassicae)-infested plants over volatiles from non-host (Mamestra brassicae)-infested plants and parasitoids that had to pass non-host-infested plants needed eight times longer to reach the host-infested plant compared to parasitoids that had to pass undamaged plants. Contrary to our expectations, oviposition experience on a host-infested leaf decreased foraging efficiency due to more frequent visits of non-host-infested plants. Oviposition experience did not only increase the responsiveness of C. glomerata to the host-infested plants, but also the attraction towards herbivore-induced plant volatiles in general. Experience with non-host-infested leaves on the contrary resulted in a reduced attraction towards non-host-infested plants, but did not increase foraging efficiency. Our study shows that HIPVs emitted by non-host-infested plants can confuse foraging parasitoids and reduce their foraging efficiency when non-host-infested plants are abundant. Our results further suggest that the effect of experience on foraging efficiency in the presence of non-host-infested plants depends on the similarity between the rewarding and the non-rewarding cue as well as on the completeness of information that parasitoids have acquired about the rewarding and non-rewarding cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Vosteen
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | | | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Alhousari F, Greger M. Silicon and Mechanisms of Plant Resistance to Insect Pests. Plants (Basel) 2018; 7:plants7020033. [PMID: 29652790 PMCID: PMC6027389 DOI: 10.3390/plants7020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the most recent progress in exploring silicon-mediated resistance to herbivorous insects and the mechanisms involved. The aim is to determine whether any mechanism seems more common than the others as well as whether the mechanisms are more pronounced in silicon-accumulating than non-silicon-accumulating species or in monocots than eudicots. Two types of mechanisms counter insect pest attacks: physical or mechanical barriers and biochemical/molecular mechanisms (in which Si can upregulate and prime plant defence pathways against insects). Although most studies have examined high Si accumulators, both accumulators and non-accumulators of silicon as well as monocots and eudicots display similar Si defence mechanisms against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Alhousari
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Greger
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Silva DB, Weldegergis BT, Van Loon JJA, Bueno VHP. Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatile Blends from Tomato Plants Infested by Either Tuta absoluta or Bemisia tabaci. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:53-65. [PMID: 28050733 PMCID: PMC5331093 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants release a variety of volatile organic compounds that play multiple roles in the interactions with other plants and animals. Natural enemies of plant-feeding insects use these volatiles as cues to find their prey or host. Here, we report differences between the volatile blends of tomato plants infested with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci or the tomato borer Tuta absoluta. We compared the volatile emission of: (1) clean tomato plants; (2) tomato plants infested with T. absoluta larvae; and (3) tomato plants infested with B. tabaci adults, nymphs, and eggs. A total of 80 volatiles were recorded of which 10 occurred consistently only in the headspace of T. absoluta-infested plants. Many of the compounds detected in the headspace of the two herbivory treatments were emitted at different rates. Plants damaged by T. absoluta emitted at least 10 times higher levels of many compounds compared to plants damaged by B. tabaci and intact plants. The multivariate separation of T. absoluta-infested plants from those infested with B. tabaci was due largely to the chorismate-derived compounds as well as volatile metabolites of C18-fatty acids and branched chain amino acids that had higher emission rates from T. absoluta-infested plants, whereas the cyclic sesquiterpenes α- and β-copaene, valencene, and aristolochene were emitted at significantly higher levels from B. tabaci-infested plants. Our findings imply that feeding by T. absoluta and B. tabaci induced emission of volatile blends that differ quantitatively and qualitatively, providing a chemical basis for the recently documented behavioral discrimination by two generalist predatory mirid species, natural enemies of T. absoluta and B. tabaci employed in biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego B Silva
- Laboratory of Biological Control, Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O.Box 3037, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.,Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berhane T Weldegergis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joop J A Van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vanda H P Bueno
- Laboratory of Biological Control, Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O.Box 3037, Lavras/MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
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29
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Tang R, Zhang F, Zhang ZN. Electrophysiological Responses and Reproductive Behavior of Fall Webworm Moths (Hyphantria cunea Drury) are Influenced by Volatile Compounds from Its Mulberry Host (Morus alba L.). Insects 2016; 7:insects7020019. [PMID: 27153095 PMCID: PMC4931431 DOI: 10.3390/insects7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hyphantria cunea (Drury) is an invasive pest of Morus alba L. in China. β-ocimene and cis-2-penten-1-ol among eleven electro-physiologically active leaf volatiles from M. alba have been reported to influence captures of Hyphantria cunea moths when added into sex pheromone traps. This study further investigated influences of volatile types and their dosages on the electro-physiological responses in the antennae of male and female moths, as well as on mating and oviposition behaviors. Females were, regardless of dosages, more sensitive to β-ocimene and cis-2-penten-1-ol in electro-physiological response tests than males. For males, a dose response was detected, i.e., a dosage of 10 μg and 100 μg of either chemical stimulated higher electric response in their antennae than 1 μg. Moth pairs either exposed respectively to a herbivore-induced M. alba volatile blend (HIPV), to a mechanically-damaged M. alba volatile blend (MDV), to β-ocimene, to cis-2-penten-1-ol, or to pentane as a control showed that pairs exposed to β-ocimene most likely mated, followed by HIPV blends and least by the other volatiles or the control. In contrast, β-ocimene induced about 70% of the female oviposition behaviors and was nearly 4.5 times the oviposition rate than cis-2-penten-1-ol and 2 times than the control. However, none of the chemicals had any effect on the 48 h fecundity or on egg sizes. In conclusion, β-ocimene from mulberry plants alone could promote mating and oviposition in H. cunea at a dosage of 1 mg. The results indicate that reproductive behaviors of H. cunea moths can be enhanced through HIPV blends and β-ocimene induced by feeding of larvae. This contra phenomenon has revealed a different ecology in this moth during colonizing China as local pests would commonly be repelled by herbivore induced chemicals. These chemicals can be used for the development of biological control approaches such as being used together with sex pheromone traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China.
- CAB International East Asia Regional Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, China.
- MoA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 West Yuan-ming-yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- CAB International East Asia Regional Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, China.
- MoA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 West Yuan-ming-yuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhong-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China.
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Yamauchi A, van Baalen M, Kobayashi Y, Takabayashi J, Shiojiri K, Sabelis MW. Cry-wolf signals emerging from coevolutionary feedbacks in a tritrophic system. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20152169. [PMID: 26538597 PMCID: PMC4650166 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a communication system to be stable, senders should convey honest information. Providing dishonest information, however, can be advantageous to senders, which imposes a constraint on the evolution of communication systems. Beyond single populations and bitrophic systems, one may ask whether stable communication systems can evolve in multitrophic systems. Consider cross-species signalling where herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) attract predators to reduce the damage from arthropod herbivores. Such plant signals may be honest and help predators to identify profitable prey/plant types via HIPV composition and to assess prey density via the amount of HIPVs. There could be selection for dishonest signals that attract predators for protection from possible future herbivory. Recently, we described a case in which plants release a fixed, high amount of HIPVs independent of herbivore load, adopting what we labelled a 'cry-wolf' strategy. To understand when such signals evolve, we model coevolutionary interactions between plants, herbivores and predators, and show that both 'honest' and 'cry-wolf' types can emerge, depending on the assumed plant-herbivore encounter rates and herbivore population density. It is suggested that the 'cry-wolf' strategy may have evolved to reduce the risk of heavy damage in the future. Our model suggests that eco-evolutionary feedback loops involving a third species may have important consequences for the stability of this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamauchi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
| | - Minus van Baalen
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, CNRS UMR7625, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France Laboratoire d'Ecologie, CNRS UMR7625, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- Department of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan Research Center for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kaori Shiojiri
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu 520-2113, Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
| | - Maurice W Sabelis
- Population Biology Section, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 911, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zakir A, Bengtsson M, Sadek MM, Hansson BS, Witzgall P, Anderson P. Specific response to herbivore-induced de novo synthesized plant volatiles provides reliable information for host plant selection in a moth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:3257-63. [PMID: 23737555 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.083188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals depend on reliable sensory information for accurate behavioural decisions. For herbivorous insects it is crucial to find host plants for feeding and reproduction, and these insects must be able to differentiate suitable from unsuitable plants. Volatiles are important cues for insect herbivores to assess host plant quality. It has previously been shown that female moths of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), avoid oviposition on damaged cotton Gossypium hirsutum, which may mediated by herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Among the HIPVs, some volatiles are released following any type of damage while others are synthesized de novo and released by the plants only in response to herbivore damage. In behavioural experiments we here show that oviposition by S. littoralis on undamaged cotton plants was reduced by adding volatiles collected from plants with ongoing herbivory. Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) recordings revealed that antennae of mated S. littoralis females responded to 18 compounds from a collection of headspace volatiles of damaged cotton plants. Among these compounds, a blend of the seven de novo synthesized volatile compounds was found to reduce oviposition in S. littoralis on undamaged plants under both laboratory and ambient (field) conditions in Egypt. Volatile compounds that are not produced de novo by the plants did not affect oviposition. Our results show that ovipositing females respond specifically to the de novo synthesized volatiles released from plants under herbivore attack. We suggest that these volatiles provide reliable cues for ovipositing females to detect plants that could provide reduced quality food for their offspring and an increased risk of competition and predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zakir
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Division of Chemical Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Woodard AM, Ervin GN, Marsico TD. Host plant defense signaling in response to a coevolved herbivore combats introduced herbivore attack. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1056-64. [PMID: 22837849 PMCID: PMC3399170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Defense-free space resulting from coevolutionarily naïve host plants recently has been implicated as a factor facilitating invasion success of some insect species. Host plants, however, may not be entirely defenseless against novel herbivore threats. Volatile chemical-mediated defense signaling, which allows plants to mount specific, rapid, and intense responses, may play a role in systems experiencing novel threats. Here we investigate defense responses of host plants to a native and exotic herbivore and show that (1) host plants defend more effectively against the coevolved herbivore, (2) plants can be induced to defend against a newly-associated herbivore when in proximity to plants actively defending against the coevolved species, and (3) these defenses affect larval performance. These findings highlight the importance of coevolved herbivore-specific defenses and suggest that naïveté or defense limitations can be overcome via defense signaling. Determining how these findings apply across various host-herbivore systems is critical to understand mechanisms of successful herbivore invasion.
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