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Riaño-Jiménez D, Cure JR, Gutierrez AP. Nesting Behavior, Phenology, and Bionomics of the High Andean Leaf-Cutter Bee Megachile (Cressoniella) amparo. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:814-825. [PMID: 37369980 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Megachile amparo (González, Revista Colombiana De Entomología 32(1):93-96, 2006) is the only high Andean leaf-cutter bee reported in Colombia and is possibly endemic to the Colombian Andes. Although it is frequently observed, even in urban areas, its biology and ecology remain unknown. The present study aimed to describe detailed aspects of its bionomy. Trap-nests were installed on the Campus of the Nueva Granada University (Cajicá, Colombia) from June/2018 to March/2020. The trap-nests were wooden blocks (25 × 15 × 14 cm) with 30 cavities of Ø = 1 cm and different lengths (50 mm, 75 mm, and 100 mm) lined with waxed paper straws. During the observations, an increasing number of trap-nests were installed, increasing from 250 to 720 cavities. The trap-nests were monitored three times a week, recording both the date the start and end building by female. Most of the nest were maintained in the field to estimate the sex ratio, cell survival, and total development time under natural conditions. Thirty-two nests were removed at different times of the observation period to establish number of cells per nest, and cells built per female per day. We incubated 20 cells from different nests at 18 °C, 22 °C, 26 °C, and 32 °C to estimate the base temperature, thermal constant k (developmental time in degree days), and cell survival. Young cells of different positions were dissected and weighed to characterize food provision and brood cells. Computerized tomography-CT scans were performed in 30 brood cells to determine if diapause occurred during prepupal stage. Females nested 7- and 10-cm-long cavities and the number of cells per nest varied with cavity length. The brood cells had a length of 1.23 ± 0.12 cm and a diameter of 0.92 ± 0.05 cm. The female spends 1.17 ± 0.29 days to build a brood cell. Food provision varied according to the position of the brood cell in the nest. The adults of M. amparo present a marked seasonality being more active during dry months. Base temperature and thermal constant k were different for males and females. The sex ratio is female biased (1.9:1), and cell survival in the field was 89% with no cleptoparasites or predators recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Ricardo Cure
- Nueva Granada Univ, Cajicá, Colombia
- Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, CASAS Global NGO, Kensington, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Paul Gutierrez
- Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, CASAS Global NGO, Kensington, CA, USA
- Division of Ecosystem Science, College of Natural Resources, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Kolanowska M. Loss of fungal symbionts and changes in pollinator availability caused by climate change will affect the distribution and survival chances of myco-heterotrophic orchid species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6848. [PMID: 37100884 PMCID: PMC10133392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The first comprehensive species distribution models for orchid, its fungal symbionts and pollinator are presented. To evaluate impact of global warming on these organisms three different projections and four various climate change scenarios were analysed. The niche modelling was based on presence-only records of Limodorum abortivum, two species of Russula and three insects pollinating orchid (Anthophora affinis, Bombus terrestris, Rhodanthidium septemdentatum). Two sets of orchid predictions were examined-the first one included only climatic data and the second one was based on climate data and data on future distribution of orchid fungal symbionts. Overall, a poleward range shift is predicted to occur as a result of climate change and apparently global warming will be favorable for L. abortivum and its potential geographical range will expand. However, due to the negative effect of global warming on fungal symbionts of L. abortivum, the actual extension of the suitable niches of the orchid will be much limited. Considering future possibility of cross-pollination, the availability of A. affinis for L. abortivum will decrease and this bee will be available in the worst case scenarios only for 21% of orchid populations. On the other hand, the overlap of orchid and the buff-tailed bumblebee will increase and as much as 86.5% of plant populations will be located within B. terrestris potential range. Also the availability of R. septemdentatum will be higher than currently observed in almost all analysed climate change projections. This study showed the importance of inclusion of ecological factors in species distribution models as the climate data itself are not enough to estimate the future distribution of plant species. Moreover, the availability of pollen vectors which is crucial for long-term survival of orchid populations should be analysed in context of climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kolanowska
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Dorian NN, McCarthy MW, Crone EE. Ecological traits explain long-term phenological trends in solitary bees. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:285-296. [PMID: 35839142 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Across taxa, the timing of life-history events (phenology) is changing in response to warming temperatures. However, little is known about drivers of variation in phenological trends among species. We analysed 168 years of museum specimen and sighting data to evaluate the patterns of phenological change in 70 species of solitary bees that varied in three ecological traits: diet breadth (generalist or specialist), seasonality (spring, summer or fall) and nesting location (above-ground or below-ground). We estimated changes in onset, median, end and duration of each bee species' annual activity (flight duration) using quantile regression. To determine whether ecological traits could explain phenological trends, we compared average trends across species groups that differed in a single trait. We expected that specialist bees would be constrained by their host plants' phenology and would show weaker phenological change than generalist species. We expected phenological advances in spring and delays in summer and fall. Lastly, we expected stronger shifts in above-ground versus below-ground nesters. Across all species, solitary bees have advanced their phenology by 0.43 days/decade. Since 1970, this advancement has increased fourfold to 1.62 days/decade. Solitary bees have also lengthened their flight period by 0.44 days/decade. Seasonality and nesting location explained variation in trends among species. Spring- and summer-active bees tended to advance their phenology, whereas fall-active bees tended to delay. Above-ground nesting species experienced stronger advances than below-ground nesting bees in spring; however, the opposite was true in summer. Diet breadth was not associated with patterns of phenological change. Our study has two key implications. First, an increasing activity period of bees across the flight season means that bee communities will potentially provide pollination services for a longer period of time during the year. And, since phenological trends in solitary bees can be explained by some ecological traits, our study provides insight into mechanisms underpinning population viability of insect pollinators in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Dorian
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Max W McCarthy
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Crone
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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de Manincor N, Fisogni A, Rafferty NE. Warming of experimental plant-pollinator communities advances phenologies, alters traits, reduces interactions and depresses reproduction. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:323-334. [PMID: 36592334 PMCID: PMC10107705 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may disrupt plant-pollinator mutualisms by generating phenological asynchronies and by altering traits that shape interaction costs and benefits. Our knowledge is limited to studies that manipulate only one partner or focus on either phenological or trait-based mismatches. We assembled communities of three annual plants and a solitary bee prior to flowering and emergence to test how springtime warming affects phenologies, traits, interactions and reproductive output. Warming advanced community-level flowering onset, peak and end but did not alter bee emergence. Warmed plant communities produced fewer and smaller flowers with less, more-concentrated nectar, reducing attractiveness, and warmed bees were more generalized in their foraging, reducing their effectiveness. Plant-bee interactions were less frequent, shorter and peaked earlier under warming. As a result, warmed plants produced fewer, lighter seeds, indicating pollinator-mediated fitness costs. Climate change will perturb plant-pollinator mutualisms, causing wide-ranging effects on partner species and diminishing the ecosystem service they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha de Manincor
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Fisogni
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicole E Rafferty
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Abstract
Insects have evolved highly diverse genetic sex-determination mechanisms and a relatively balanced male to female sex ratio is generally expected. However, selection may shift the optimal sex ratio while meiotic drive and endosymbiont manipulation can result in sex ratio distortion (SRD). Recent advances in sex chromosome genomics and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing brought significant insights into the molecular regulators of sex determination in an increasing number of insects and provided new ways to engineer SRD. We review these advances and discuss both naturally occurring and engineered SRD in the context of the Anthropocene. We emphasize SRD-mediated biological control of insects to help improve One Health, sustain agriculture, and conserve endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Compton
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhijian Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Pardee GL, Griffin SR, Stemkovski M, Harrison T, Portman ZM, Kazenel MR, Lynn JS, Inouye DW, Irwin RE. Life-history traits predict responses of wild bees to climate variation. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212697. [PMID: 35440209 PMCID: PMC9019520 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits, which are physical traits or behaviours that affect growth, survivorship and reproduction, could play an important role in how well organisms respond to environmental change. By looking for trait-based responses within groups, we can gain a mechanistic understanding of why environmental change might favour or penalize certain species over others. We monitored the abundance of at least 154 bee species for 8 consecutive years in a subalpine region of the Rocky Mountains to ask whether bees respond differently to changes in abiotic conditions based on their life-history traits. We found that comb-building cavity nesters and larger bodied bees declined in relative abundance with increasing temperatures, while smaller, soil-nesting bees increased. Further, bees with narrower diet breadths increased in relative abundance with decreased rainfall. Finally, reduced snowpack was associated with reduced relative abundance of bees that overwintered as prepupae whereas bees that overwintered as adults increased in relative abundance, suggesting that overwintering conditions might affect body size, lipid content and overwintering survival. Taken together, our results show how climate change may reshape bee pollinator communities, with bees with certain traits increasing in abundance and others declining, potentially leading to novel plant-pollinator interactions and changes in plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella L Pardee
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sean R Griffin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael Stemkovski
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Tina Harrison
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70501, USA
| | - Zachary M Portman
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108
| | - Melanie R Kazenel
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joshua S Lynn
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David W Inouye
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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7
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The Supercooling Responses of the Solitary Bee Osmia excavata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) under the Biological Stress of Its Brood Parasite, Sapyga coma (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030235. [PMID: 35323533 PMCID: PMC8951097 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Many insects have evolved different strategies to adapt to subzero temperatures and parasites, but the supercooling response of pollinator populations under the brood parasitism pressure has not been sufficiently investigated. (2) Methods: This study assessed the supercooling traits (supercooling points, fresh weight and fat content) of the solitary bee Osmia excavata Alfken and its brood parasite, Sapyga coma Yasumatsu & Sugihara. We measured 4035 samples (3025 O. excavata and 1010 S. coma, one individual as one sample) and discovered the supercooling traits relations between solitary bee and brood parasite. (3) Results: Significant differences in the supercooling points were found between O. excavata (females: −24.18 (−26.02~−20.07) vs. males: −23.21 (−25.15~−18.65) °C) and S. coma (females: −22.19 (−25.46~−18.38) vs. males: −20.65 (−23.85~−16.15) °C, p < 0.0001) in the same sex, and also between sexes of same species. The two species’ supercooling traits (supercooling points, fresh weight, and fat content) were significantly positively correlated. The supercooling points of the solitary bee varies regularly under brood parasitism pressure. (4) Conclusions: Our study indicates the supercooling traits relationships between a solitary bee and its brood parasite and suggests that the supercooling points of the solitary bee increase under the biological stress of its brood parasite in a certain level.
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8
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Kammerer M, Goslee SC, Douglas MR, Tooker JF, Grozinger CM. Wild bees as winners and losers: Relative impacts of landscape composition, quality, and climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33433964 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz2s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wild bees, like many other taxa, are threatened by land-use and climate change, which, in turn, jeopardizes pollination of crops and wild plants. Understanding how land-use and climate factors interact is critical to predicting and managing pollinator populations and ensuring adequate pollination services, but most studies have evaluated either land-use or climate effects, not both. Furthermore, bee species are incredibly variable, spanning an array of behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits that can increase or decrease resilience to land-use or climate change. Thus, there are likely bee species that benefit, while others suffer, from changing climate and land use, but few studies have documented taxon-specific trends. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we analyzed a long-term dataset of wild bee occurrences from Maryland, Delaware, and Washington DC, USA, examining how different bee genera and functional groups respond to landscape composition, quality, and climate factors. Despite a large body of literature documenting land-use effects on wild bees, in this study, climate factors emerged as the main drivers of wild-bee abundance and richness. For wild-bee communities in spring and summer/fall, temperature and precipitation were more important predictors than landscape composition, landscape quality, or topography. However, relationships varied substantially between wild-bee genera and functional groups. In the Northeast USA, past trends and future predictions show a changing climate with warmer winters, more intense precipitation in winter and spring, and longer growing seasons with higher maximum temperatures. In almost all of our analyses, these conditions were associated with lower abundance of wild bees. Wild-bee richness results were more mixed, including neutral and positive relationships with predicted temperature and precipitation patterns. Thus, in this region and undoubtedly more broadly, changing climate poses a significant threat to wild-bee communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kammerer
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sarah C Goslee
- USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Margaret R Douglas
- Department of Environmental Studies & Environmental Science, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, USA
| | - John F Tooker
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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9
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Kammerer M, Goslee SC, Douglas MR, Tooker JF, Grozinger CM. Wild bees as winners and losers: Relative impacts of landscape composition, quality, and climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1250-1265. [PMID: 33433964 PMCID: PMC7986353 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wild bees, like many other taxa, are threatened by land-use and climate change, which, in turn, jeopardizes pollination of crops and wild plants. Understanding how land-use and climate factors interact is critical to predicting and managing pollinator populations and ensuring adequate pollination services, but most studies have evaluated either land-use or climate effects, not both. Furthermore, bee species are incredibly variable, spanning an array of behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits that can increase or decrease resilience to land-use or climate change. Thus, there are likely bee species that benefit, while others suffer, from changing climate and land use, but few studies have documented taxon-specific trends. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we analyzed a long-term dataset of wild bee occurrences from Maryland, Delaware, and Washington DC, USA, examining how different bee genera and functional groups respond to landscape composition, quality, and climate factors. Despite a large body of literature documenting land-use effects on wild bees, in this study, climate factors emerged as the main drivers of wild-bee abundance and richness. For wild-bee communities in spring and summer/fall, temperature and precipitation were more important predictors than landscape composition, landscape quality, or topography. However, relationships varied substantially between wild-bee genera and functional groups. In the Northeast USA, past trends and future predictions show a changing climate with warmer winters, more intense precipitation in winter and spring, and longer growing seasons with higher maximum temperatures. In almost all of our analyses, these conditions were associated with lower abundance of wild bees. Wild-bee richness results were more mixed, including neutral and positive relationships with predicted temperature and precipitation patterns. Thus, in this region and undoubtedly more broadly, changing climate poses a significant threat to wild-bee communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kammerer
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Department of EntomologyCenter for Pollinator ResearchHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Present address:
USDA‐ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research UnitUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Present address:
USDA‐ARS Jornada Experimental RangeLas CrucesNM88003USA
| | - Sarah C. Goslee
- USDA‐ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research UnitUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Margaret R. Douglas
- Department of Environmental Studies & Environmental ScienceDickinson CollegeCarlislePAUSA
| | - John F. Tooker
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Department of EntomologyCenter for Pollinator ResearchHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Christina M. Grozinger
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Department of EntomologyCenter for Pollinator ResearchHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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