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Morelli F, Reif J, Díaz M, Tryjanowski P, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Suhonen J, Jokimäki J, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki ML, Møller AP, Jerzak L, Bussière R, Mägi M, Kominos T, Galanaki A, Bukas N, Markó G, Pruscini F, Ciebiera O, Benedetti Y. Dense city centers support less evolutionary unique bird communities than sparser urban areas. iScience 2024; 27:108945. [PMID: 38322998 PMCID: PMC10844830 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization alters avian communities, generally lowering the number of species and contemporaneously increasing their functional relatedness, leading to biotic homogenization. Urbanization can also negatively affect the phylogenetic diversity of species assemblages, potentially decreasing their evolutionary distinctiveness. We compare species assemblages in a gradient of building density in seventeen European cities to test whether the evolutionary distinctiveness of communities is shaped by the degree of urbanization. We found a significant decline in the evolutionary uniqueness of avian communities in highly dense urban areas, compared to low and medium-dense areas. Overall, communities from dense city centers supported one million years of evolutionary history less than communities from low-dense urban areas. Such evolutionary homogenization was due to a filtering process of the most evolutionarily unique birds. Metrics related to evolutionary uniqueness have to play a role when assessing the effects of urbanization and can be used to identify local conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Morelli
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Szafrana St. 1, PL 65-16 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Jiri Reif
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Staré Město, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (BGC-MNCN-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Jukka Suhonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Jokimäki
- Nature Inventory and EIA-services, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P. O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | | | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Leszek Jerzak
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Szafrana St. 1, PL 65-16 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Marko Mägi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Environmental Board, Roheline 64, 80010 Pärnu, Estonia
| | - Theodoros Kominos
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Galanaki
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Bukas
- Plegadis, Riga Feraiou 6A, 45444 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gábor Markó
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fabio Pruscini
- S. C. della Pantiera 23, 61029 Pantiera, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Olaf Ciebiera
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Szafrana St. 1, PL 65-16 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Yanina Benedetti
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Morelli F, Tryjanowski P, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Díaz M, Suhonen J, Pape Møller A, Prosek J, Moravec D, Bussière R, Mägi M, Kominos T, Galanaki A, Bukas N, Markó G, Pruscini F, Reif J, Benedetti Y. Effects of light and noise pollution on avian communities of European cities are correlated with the species' diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4361. [PMID: 36928766 PMCID: PMC10020436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization affects avian community composition in European cities, increasing biotic homogenization. Anthropic pollution (such as light at night and noise) is among the most important drivers shaping bird use in urban areas, where bird species are mainly attracted by urban greenery. In this study, we collected data on 127 breeding bird species at 1349 point counts distributed along a gradient of urbanization in fourteen different European cities. The main aim was to explore the effects of anthropic pollution and city characteristics, on shaping the avian communities, regarding species' diet composition. The green cover of urban areas increased the number of insectivorous and omnivorous bird species, while slightly decreasing the overall diet heterogeneity of the avian communities. The green heterogeneity-a measure of evenness considering the relative coverage of grass, shrubs and trees-was positively correlated with the richness of granivorous, insectivorous, and omnivorous species, increasing the level of diet heterogeneity in the assemblages. Additionally, the effects of light pollution on avian communities were associated with the species' diet. Overall, light pollution negatively affected insectivorous and omnivorous bird species while not affecting granivorous species. The noise pollution, in contrast, was not significantly associated with changes in species assemblages. Our results offer some tips to urban planners, managers, and ecologists, in the challenge of producing more eco-friendly cities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Morelli
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, 12 5BB, BH, UK.
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (BGC-MNCN-CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jukka Suhonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jiri Prosek
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Moravec
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marko Mägi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Theodoros Kominos
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Galanaki
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Bukas
- Plegadis, Riga Feraiou 6A, 45444, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gábor Markó
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Jiri Reif
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yanina Benedetti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Budka M, Jobda M, Szałański P, Piórkowski H. Acoustic approach as an alternative to human-based survey in bird biodiversity monitoring in agricultural meadows. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266557. [PMID: 35395028 PMCID: PMC8992991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic monitoring has been tested as an alternative to the traditional, human-based approach of surveying birds, however studies examining the effectiveness of different acoustic methods sometimes yield inconsistent results. In this study we examined whether bird biodiversity estimated by traditional surveys of birds differs to that obtained through soundscape surveys in meadow habitats that are of special agricultural importance, and whether acoustic monitoring can deliver reliable indicators of meadows and farmland bird biodiversity. We recorded soundscape and simultaneously surveyed birds by highly skilled human-observers within a fixed (50 m and 100 m) and unlimited radius using the point-count method twice in the breeding season at 74 recording sites located in meadows, in order to compare differences in (1) bird biodiversity estimation of meadow, farmland, songbird, and all bird species and (2) the detection rate of single bird species by these two methods. We found that recorders detected more species in comparison to the human-observers who surveyed birds within a fixed radius (50 and 100 m) and fewer when detection distance for human-observers was unlimited. We did not find significant differences in the number of meadow and farmland bird species detected by recorders and observers within a 100 m radius–the most often used fixed radius in traditional human based point-counts. We also showed how detection rate of 48 the most common bird species in our study differ between these two methods. Our study showed that an acoustic survey is equally effective as human observers surveying birds within a 100 m radius in estimation of farmland and meadow bird biodiversity. These groups of species are important for agricultural landscape and commonly used as indicators of habitat quality and its changes. Even though recorders rarely detect species that remain mostly silent during the observation periods, or species that are further distant than 100 m away, we recommend using acoustic soundscape recording methods as an equally effective and more easily standardised alternative for monitoring of farmland and meadow bird biodiversity. We propose adaptation of acoustic approach to long-term, large-scale monitoring by collecting acoustic data by non-specialists, including landowners and volunteers, and analysing them in a standardised way by units supervising monitoring of agriculture landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Budka
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marek Jobda
- Department of Nature Protection and Rural Landscape, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Poland
| | - Paweł Szałański
- Department of Nature Protection and Rural Landscape, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Poland
| | - Hubert Piórkowski
- Department of Nature Protection and Rural Landscape, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, Poland
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