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Picciotti U, Araujo Dalbon V, Ciancio A, Colagiero M, Cozzi G, De Bellis L, Finetti-Sialer MM, Greco D, Ippolito A, Lahbib N, Logrieco AF, López-Llorca LV, Lopez-Moya F, Luvisi A, Mincuzzi A, Molina-Acevedo JP, Pazzani C, Scortichini M, Scrascia M, Valenzano D, Garganese F, Porcelli F. "Ectomosphere": Insects and Microorganism Interactions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:440. [PMID: 36838405 PMCID: PMC9967823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on interacting with insects and their ectosymbiont (lato sensu) microorganisms for environmentally safe plant production and protection. Some cases help compare ectosymbiont microorganisms that are insect-borne, -driven, or -spread relevant to endosymbionts' behaviour. Ectosymbiotic bacteria can interact with insects by allowing them to improve the value of their pabula. In addition, some bacteria are essential for creating ecological niches that can host the development of pests. Insect-borne plant pathogens include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These pathogens interact with their vectors to enhance reciprocal fitness. Knowing vector-phoront interaction could considerably increase chances for outbreak management, notably when sustained by quarantine vector ectosymbiont pathogens, such as the actual Xylella fastidiosa Mediterranean invasion episode. Insect pathogenic viruses have a close evolutionary relationship with their hosts, also being highly specific and obligate parasites. Sixteen virus families have been reported to infect insects and may be involved in the biological control of specific pests, including some economic weevils. Insects and fungi are among the most widespread organisms in nature and interact with each other, establishing symbiotic relationships ranging from mutualism to antagonism. The associations can influence the extent to which interacting organisms can exert their effects on plants and the proper management practices. Sustainable pest management also relies on entomopathogenic fungi; research on these species starts from their isolation from insect carcasses, followed by identification using conventional light or electron microscopy techniques. Thanks to the development of omics sciences, it is possible to identify entomopathogenic fungi with evolutionary histories that are less-shared with the target insect and can be proposed as pest antagonists. Many interesting omics can help detect the presence of entomopathogens in different natural matrices, such as soil or plants. The same techniques will help localize ectosymbionts, localization of recesses, or specialized morphological adaptation, greatly supporting the robust interpretation of the symbiont role. The manipulation and modulation of ectosymbionts could be a more promising way to counteract pests and borne pathogens, mitigating the impact of formulates and reducing food insecurity due to the lesser impact of direct damage and diseases. The promise has a preventive intent for more manageable and broader implications for pests, comparing what we can obtain using simpler, less-specific techniques and a less comprehensive approach to Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Picciotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Ciancio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Colagiero
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cozzi
- Institute of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Davide Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nada Lahbib
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Francesco Logrieco
- Institute of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Federico Lopez-Moya
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mincuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Molina-Acevedo
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research Agrosavia C. I. Turipana-AGROSAVIA, Km. 13, Vía Montería-Cereté 230558, Colombia
| | - Carlo Pazzani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00134 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Scrascia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Valenzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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