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G-Santoyo I, Ramírez-Carrillo E, Sanchez JD, López-Corona O. Potential long consequences from internal and external ecology: loss of gut microbiota antifragility in children from an industrialized population compared with an indigenous rural lifestyle. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:469-480. [PMID: 37222148 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Human health is strongly mediated by the gut microbiota ecosystem, which, in turn, depends not only on its state but also on its dynamics and how it responds to perturbations. Healthy microbiota ecosystems tend to be in criticality and antifragile dynamics corresponding to a maximum complexity configuration, which may be assessed with information and network theory analysis. Under this complex system perspective, we used a new analysis of published data to show that a children's population with an industrialized urban lifestyle from Mexico City exhibits informational and network characteristics similar to parasitized children from a rural indigenous population in the remote mountainous region of Guerrero, México. We propose then, that in this critical age for gut microbiota maturation, the industrialized urban lifestyle could be thought of as an external perturbation to the gut microbiota ecosystem, and we show that it produces a similar loss in criticality/antifragility as the one observed by internal perturbation due to parasitosis by the helminth A. lumbricoides. Finally, several general complexity-based guidelines to prevent or restore gut ecosystem antifragility are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G-Santoyo
- Neuroecology Lab, Department of Psychology, UNAM, México, 04510
- Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Department of Psychology, UNAM, México, 04510
| | | | | | - Oliver López-Corona
- Investigadores por México (IxM)-CONACyT, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas (IIMAS), UNAM, México, 04510
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2
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Petrie S, Peters P. Health Service Implementation and Antifragile Characteristics in Rural Communities: A Dirt Research Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6418. [PMID: 37510650 PMCID: PMC10379114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of health and care services within rural communities requires necessary sensitivity to the unique facets of rural places. Often, rural service implementation is executed with inappropriate frameworks based on assumptions derived from urban centres. To understand the characteristics of rural communities that can facilitate successful program implementation better, ethnographic accounts of rural health and care services were compiled in rural communities within Canada, Australia, and Iceland. Ethnographic accounts are presented in the first and third person, with an accompanying reflexive analysis immediately following these accounts. Antifragility was the guiding concept of interest when investigating rural implementation environments, a concept that posits that a system can gain stability from uncertainty rather than lose integrity. These ethnographic accounts provide evidence of antifragile operators such as optionality, hybrid leadership, starting small, nonlinear evaluation, and avoiding suboptimisation. It is shown that the integration of these antifragile operators allows programs to function better in complex rural systems. Further, the presence of capable individuals with sufficient knowledge in several disciplines and with depth in a single discipline allows for innovative local thinking initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Petrie
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul Peters
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Picciotti U, Valverde-Urrea M, Garganese F, Lopez-Moya F, Foubelo F, Porcelli F, Lopez-Llorca LV. Brindley's Glands Volatilome of the Predator Zelus renardii Interacting with Xylella Vectors. Insects 2023; 14:520. [PMID: 37367336 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Alien species must adapt to new biogeographical regions to acclimatise and survive. We consider a species to have become invasive if it establishes negative interactions after acclimatisation. Xylella fastidiosa Wells, Raju et al., 1986 (XF) represents Italy's and Europe's most recent biological invasion. In Apulia (southern Italy), the XF-encountered Philaenus spumarius L. 1758 (Spittlebugs, Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) can acquire and transmit the bacterium to Olea europaea L., 1753. The management of XF invasion involves various transmission control means, including inundative biological control using Zelus renardii (ZR) Kolenati, 1856 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). ZR is an alien stenophagous predator of Xylella vectors, recently entered from the Nearctic and acclimated in Europe. Zelus spp. can secrete semiochemicals during interactions with conspecifics and prey, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that elicit conspecific defence behavioural responses. Our study describes ZR Brindley's glands, present in males and females of ZR, which can produce semiochemicals, eliciting conspecific behavioural responses. We scrutinised ZR secretion alone or interacting with P. spumarius. The ZR volatilome includes 2-methyl-propanoic acid, 2-methyl-butanoic acid, and 3-methyl-1-butanol, which are consistent for Z. renardii alone. Olfactometric tests show that these three VOCs, individually tested, generate an avoidance (alarm) response in Z. renardii. 3-Methyl-1-butanol elicited the highest significant repellence, followed by 2-methyl-butanoic and 2-methyl-propanoic acids. The concentrations of the VOCs of ZR decrease during the interaction with P. spumarius. We discuss the potential effects of VOC secretions on the interaction of Z. renardii with P. spumarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Picciotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Valverde-Urrea
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Lopez-Moya
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Yang L, Shi LJ, Shen SY, Yang JY, Lv SS, Wang ZC, Huang Q, Xu WD, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Toward Antifragility: Social Defeat Stress Enhances Learning and Memory in Young Mice Via Hippocampal Synaptosome Associated Protein 25. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:616-632. [PMID: 37040450 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231160098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Social adversity not only causes severe psychological diseases but also may improve people's ability to learn and grow. However, the beneficial effects of social adversity are often ignored. In this study, we investigated whether and how social adversity affects learning and memory in a mouse social defeat stress (SDS) model. A total of 652 mice were placed in experimental groups of six to 23 mice each. SDS enhanced spatial, novelty, and fear memory with increased synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) level and dendritic spine density in hippocampal neurons among young but not middle-aged mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of hippocampal CaMK2A+ neurons blocked SDS-induced enhancement of learning or memory. Knockdown of SNAP-25 or blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit GluN2B in the hippocampus prevented SDS-induced learning memory enhancement in an emotion-independent manner. These findings suggest that social adversity promotes learning and memory ability in youths and provide a neurobiological foundation for biopsychological antifragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University
| | - Li-Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University
| | - Shi-Yu Shen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Jing-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University
| | - Su-Su Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland
| | - Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University
| | - Wen-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University
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Taleb NN, West J. Working with Convex Responses: Antifragility from Finance to Oncology. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:e25020343. [PMID: 36832709 PMCID: PMC9955868 DOI: 10.3390/e25020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We extend techniques and learnings about the stochastic properties of nonlinear responses from finance to medicine, particularly oncology, where it can inform dosing and intervention. We define antifragility. We propose uses of risk analysis for medical problems, through the properties of nonlinear responses (convex or concave). We (1) link the convexity/concavity of the dose-response function to the statistical properties of the results; (2) define "antifragility" as a mathematical property for local beneficial convex responses and the generalization of "fragility" as its opposite, locally concave in the tails of the statistical distribution; (3) propose mathematically tractable relations between dosage, severity of conditions, and iatrogenics. In short, we propose a framework to integrate the necessary consequences of nonlinearities in evidence-based oncology and more general clinical risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey West
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Picciotti U, Araujo Dalbon V, Ciancio A, Colagiero M, Cozzi G, De Bellis L, Finetti-Sialer MM, Greco D, Ippolito A, Lahbib N, Logrieco AF, López-Llorca LV, Lopez-Moya F, Luvisi A, Mincuzzi A, Molina-Acevedo JP, Pazzani C, Scortichini M, Scrascia M, Valenzano D, Garganese F, Porcelli F. "Ectomosphere": Insects and Microorganism Interactions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020440. [PMID: 36838405 PMCID: PMC9967823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on interacting with insects and their ectosymbiont (lato sensu) microorganisms for environmentally safe plant production and protection. Some cases help compare ectosymbiont microorganisms that are insect-borne, -driven, or -spread relevant to endosymbionts' behaviour. Ectosymbiotic bacteria can interact with insects by allowing them to improve the value of their pabula. In addition, some bacteria are essential for creating ecological niches that can host the development of pests. Insect-borne plant pathogens include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These pathogens interact with their vectors to enhance reciprocal fitness. Knowing vector-phoront interaction could considerably increase chances for outbreak management, notably when sustained by quarantine vector ectosymbiont pathogens, such as the actual Xylella fastidiosa Mediterranean invasion episode. Insect pathogenic viruses have a close evolutionary relationship with their hosts, also being highly specific and obligate parasites. Sixteen virus families have been reported to infect insects and may be involved in the biological control of specific pests, including some economic weevils. Insects and fungi are among the most widespread organisms in nature and interact with each other, establishing symbiotic relationships ranging from mutualism to antagonism. The associations can influence the extent to which interacting organisms can exert their effects on plants and the proper management practices. Sustainable pest management also relies on entomopathogenic fungi; research on these species starts from their isolation from insect carcasses, followed by identification using conventional light or electron microscopy techniques. Thanks to the development of omics sciences, it is possible to identify entomopathogenic fungi with evolutionary histories that are less-shared with the target insect and can be proposed as pest antagonists. Many interesting omics can help detect the presence of entomopathogens in different natural matrices, such as soil or plants. The same techniques will help localize ectosymbionts, localization of recesses, or specialized morphological adaptation, greatly supporting the robust interpretation of the symbiont role. The manipulation and modulation of ectosymbionts could be a more promising way to counteract pests and borne pathogens, mitigating the impact of formulates and reducing food insecurity due to the lesser impact of direct damage and diseases. The promise has a preventive intent for more manageable and broader implications for pests, comparing what we can obtain using simpler, less-specific techniques and a less comprehensive approach to Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Picciotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Ciancio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Colagiero
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cozzi
- Institute of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Davide Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nada Lahbib
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Francesco Logrieco
- Institute of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Federico Lopez-Moya
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mincuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Molina-Acevedo
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research Agrosavia C. I. Turipana-AGROSAVIA, Km. 13, Vía Montería-Cereté 230558, Colombia
| | - Carlo Pazzani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00134 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Scrascia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente (DBBA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Valenzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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López-Díaz AJ, Sánchez-Puig F, Gershenson C. Temporal, Structural, and Functional Heterogeneities Extend Criticality and Antifragility in Random Boolean Networks. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:254. [PMID: 36832621 PMCID: PMC9955688 DOI: 10.3390/e25020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most models of complex systems have been homogeneous, i.e., all elements have the same properties (spatial, temporal, structural, functional). However, most natural systems are heterogeneous: few elements are more relevant, larger, stronger, or faster than others. In homogeneous systems, criticality-a balance between change and stability, order and chaos-is usually found for a very narrow region in the parameter space, close to a phase transition. Using random Boolean networks-a general model of discrete dynamical systems-we show that heterogeneity-in time, structure, and function-can broaden additively the parameter region where criticality is found. Moreover, parameter regions where antifragility is found are also increased with heterogeneity. However, maximum antifragility is found for particular parameters in homogeneous networks. Our work suggests that the "optimal" balance between homogeneity and heterogeneity is non-trivial, context-dependent, and in some cases, dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Sánchez-Puig
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Carlos Gershenson
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Lakeside Labs GmbH, Lakeside Park B04, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Abstract
Antifragility is a property of things that benefit from shocks, randomness and uncertainty and love adventure and risk. This describes emergency medicine. Improving evidence-based medicine requires a learning health system, where the whole system is constructed to advance patient care via research driven excellence. So we need to develop our own evidence base by embedding research into everyday practice. Clinical research is messy but the repeated stress testing of clinical practice via research enhances our antifragility. This is even more important because our world is complex, as are humans. Unfortunately, the human brain is hard wired for simplicity, making us disinclined to challenge the status quo. Yet probably <10% of our practice is supported by high-level evidence. Research is altruistic and a form of kindness for our patients, which includes having a culture of research within a learning health system, so that we can be thoughtful!
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Fatovich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Self-organization offers a promising approach for designing adaptive systems. Given the inherent complexity of most cyber-physical systems, adaptivity is desired, as predictability is limited. Here I summarize different concepts and approaches that can facilitate self-organization in cyber-physical systems, and thus be exploited for design. Then I mention real-world examples of systems where self-organization has managed to provide solutions that outperform classical approaches, in particular related to urban mobility. Finally, I identify when a centralized, distributed, or self-organizing control is more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gershenson
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
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Sartorio FS, Aelbrecht P, Kamalipour H, Frank A. Towards an antifragile urban form: a research agenda for advancing resilience in the built environment. Urban Des Int 2021; 26:135-158. [PMCID: PMC7967097 DOI: 10.1057/s41289-021-00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to initiate reflections on what an antifragile (Taleb, Anti-fragile. Things that gain from disorder. Penguin Books, London 2012) built environment might look like by furthering the debate on dynamic non-equilibrium resilience, specifically in terms of scale, urban morphology and social life in urban areas. It will do so by presenting a critical review of relevant literature on resilience in the built environment and linking it to what we know so far about the physical (i.e. geographical, morphological and so on) and socio-cultural conditions that have likely limited the spread of COVID-19 while maintaining quality in urban space in early 2020. As the current pandemic is sharpening our understanding of both the link between local and global action and the power encompassed in the exercise of professional and technical knowledge and practice, the paper concludes with (i) speculations on how the current crisis and its management (i.e. lockdown and social distancing measures in public space’ use) might lead to radical changes to the way we think of, and design the conditions for, urban public life and sociability; and with (ii) an agenda for further research on what role urban forms and uses play in speeding or slowing viral spread in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S. Sartorio
- Cardiff School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10-3WA UK
| | - Patricia Aelbrecht
- Cardiff School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10-3WA UK
| | - Hesam Kamalipour
- Cardiff School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10-3WA UK
| | - Andrea Frank
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Kim H, Muñoz S, Osuna P, Gershenson C. Antifragility Predicts the Robustness and Evolvability of Biological Networks through Multi-Class Classification with a Convolutional Neural Network. Entropy (Basel) 2020; 22:e22090986. [PMID: 33286756 PMCID: PMC7597304 DOI: 10.3390/e22090986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Robustness and evolvability are essential properties to the evolution of biological networks. To determine if a biological network is robust and/or evolvable, it is required to compare its functions before and after mutations. However, this sometimes takes a high computational cost as the network size grows. Here, we develop a predictive method to estimate the robustness and evolvability of biological networks without an explicit comparison of functions. We measure antifragility in Boolean network models of biological systems and use this as the predictor. Antifragility occurs when a system benefits from external perturbations. By means of the differences of antifragility between the original and mutated biological networks, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) and test it to classify the properties of robustness and evolvability. We found that our CNN model successfully classified the properties. Thus, we conclude that our antifragility measure can be used as a predictor of the robustness and evolvability of biological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyobin Kim
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stalin Muñoz
- Institute for Software Technology (IST), Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Pamela Osuna
- Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Carlos Gershenson
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
- Department of High Performance Computing, ITMO University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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