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Kumar T, Wang JG, Xu CH, Lu X, Mao J, Lin XQ, Kong CY, Li CJ, Li XJ, Tian CY, Ebid MHM, Liu XL, Liu HB. Genetic Engineering for Enhancing Sugarcane Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1739. [PMID: 38999579 PMCID: PMC11244436 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane, a vital cash crop, contributes significantly to the world's sugar supply and raw materials for biofuel production, playing a significant role in the global sugar industry. However, sustainable productivity is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic stressors. Genetic engineering has been used to transfer useful genes into sugarcane plants to improve desirable traits and has emerged as a basic and applied research method to maintain growth and productivity under different adverse environmental conditions. However, the use of transgenic approaches remains contentious and requires rigorous experimental methods to address biosafety challenges. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mediated genome editing technology is growing rapidly and may revolutionize sugarcane production. This review aims to explore innovative genetic engineering techniques and their successful application in developing sugarcane cultivars with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses to produce superior sugarcane cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Kumar
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agriculture, Fisheries and Co-Operative Department, Charsadda Road, Mardan 23210, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Chao-Hua Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Jun Mao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Xiu-Qin Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Chun-Yan Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Chun-Jia Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Xu-Juan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Chun-Yan Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Mahmoud H. M. Ebid
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Xin-Long Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Hong-Bo Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
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Brant EJ, Eid A, Kannan B, Baloglu MC, Altpeter F. The extent of multiallelic, co-editing of LIGULELESS1 in highly polyploid sugarcane tunes leaf inclination angle and enables selection of the ideotype for biomass yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38776398 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is a prime feedstock for commercial production of biofuel and table sugar. Optimizing canopy architecture for improved light capture has great potential for elevating biomass yield. LIGULELESS1 (LG1) is involved in leaf ligule and auricle development in grasses. Here, we report CRISPR/Cas9-mediated co-mutagenesis of up to 40 copies/alleles of the putative LG1 in highly polyploid sugarcane (2n = 100-120, x = 10-12). Next generation sequencing revealed co-editing frequencies of 7.4%-100% of the LG1 reads in 16 of the 78 transgenic lines. LG1 mutations resulted in a tuneable leaf angle phenotype that became more upright as co-editing frequency increased. Three lines with loss of function frequencies of ~12%, ~53% and ~95% of lg1 were selected following a randomized greenhouse trial and grown in replicated, multi-row field plots. The co-edited LG1 mutations were stably maintained in vegetative progenies and the extent of co-editing remained constant in field tested lines L26 and L35. Next generation sequencing confirmed the absence of potential off targets. The leaf inclination angle corresponded to light transmission into the canopy and tiller number. Line L35 displaying loss of function in ~12% of the lg1 NGS reads exhibited an 18% increase in dry biomass yield supported by a 56% decrease in leaf inclination angle, a 31% increase in tiller number, and a 25% increase in internode number. The scalable co-editing of LG1 in highly polyploid sugarcane allows fine-tuning of leaf inclination angle, enabling the selection of the ideotype for biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Brant
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ayman Eid
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Baskaran Kannan
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Tanveer M, Abidin ZU, Alawadi HFN, Shahzad AN, Mahmood A, Khan BA, Qari S, Oraby HF. Recent advances in genome editing strategies for balancing growth and defence in sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24036. [PMID: 38696670 DOI: 10.1071/fp24036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum ) has gained more attention worldwide in recent decades because of its importance as a bioenergy resource and in producing table sugar. However, the production capabilities of conventional varieties are being challenged by the changing climates, which struggle to meet the escalating demands of the growing global population. Genome editing has emerged as a pivotal field that offers groundbreaking solutions in agriculture and beyond. It includes inserting, removing or replacing DNA in an organism's genome. Various approaches are employed to enhance crop yields and resilience in harsh climates. These techniques include zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas). Among these, CRISPR/Cas is one of the most promising and rapidly advancing fields. With the help of these techniques, several crops like rice (Oryza sativa ), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ), maize (Zea mays ), barley (Hordeum vulgare ) and sugarcane have been improved to be resistant to viral diseases. This review describes recent advances in genome editing with a particular focus on sugarcane and focuses on the advantages and limitations of these approaches while also considering the regulatory and ethical implications across different countries. It also offers insights into future prospects and the application of these approaches in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Tanveer
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ahmad Naeem Shahzad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakarriya University, Multan 60650, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sameer Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Farouk Oraby
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Li X, Zhang W, Niu D, Liu X. Effects of abiotic stress on chlorophyll metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112030. [PMID: 38346561 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll, an essential pigment in the photosynthetic machinery of plants, plays a pivotal role in the absorption of light energy and its subsequent transfer to reaction centers. Given that the global production of chlorophyll reaches billions of tons annually, a comprehensive understanding of its biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms is important. The metabolic pathways governing chlorophyll biosynthesis and catabolism are complex, encompassing a series of interconnected reactions mediated by a spectrum of enzymes. Environmental fluctuations, particularly abiotic stressors such as drought, extreme temperature variations, and excessive light exposure, can significantly perturb these processes. Such disruptions in chlorophyll metabolism have profound implications for plant growth and development. This review delves into the core aspects of chlorophyll metabolism, encompassing both biosynthetic and degradative pathways. It elucidates key genes and enzymes instrumental in these processes and underscores the impact of abiotic stress on chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, the review aims to deepen the understanding of the interplay between chlorophyll metabolic dynamics and stress responses, thereby shedding light on potential regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Li C, Iqbal MA. Leveraging the sugarcane CRISPR/Cas9 technique for genetic improvement of non-cultivated grasses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1369416. [PMID: 38601306 PMCID: PMC11004347 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Under changing climatic scenarios, grassland conservation and development have become imperative to impart functional sustainability to their ecosystem services. These goals could be effectively and efficiently achieved with targeted genetic improvement of native grass species. To the best of our literature search, very scant research findings are available pertaining to gene editing of non-cultivated grass species (switch grass, wild sugarcane, Prairie cordgrass, Bermuda grass, Chinese silver grass, etc.) prevalent in natural and semi-natural grasslands. Thus, to explore this novel research aspect, this study purposes that gene editing techniques employed for improvement of cultivated grasses especially sugarcane might be used for non-cultivated grasses as well. Our hypothesis behind suggesting sugarcane as a model crop for genetic improvement of non-cultivated grasses is the intricacy of gene editing owing to polyploidy and aneuploidy compared to other cultivated grasses (rice, wheat, barley, maize, etc.). Another reason is that genome editing protocols in sugarcane (x = 10-13) have been developed and optimized, taking into consideration the high level of genetic redundancy. Thus, as per our knowledge, this review is the first study that objectively evaluates the concept and functioning of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 technique in sugarcane regarding high versatility, target specificity, efficiency, design simplicity, and multiplexing capacity in order to explore novel research perspectives for gene editing of non-cultivated grasses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Additionally, pronounced challenges confronting sugarcane gene editing have resulted in the development of different variants (Cas9, Cas12a, Cas12b, and SpRY) of the CRISPR tool, whose technicalities have also been critically assessed. Moreover, different limitations of this technique that could emerge during gene editing of non-cultivated grass species have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjia Li
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
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Laksana C, Sophiphun O, Chanprame S. Lignin reduction in sugarcane by performing CRISPR/Cas9 site-direct mutation of SoLIM transcription factor. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111987. [PMID: 38220093 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of plant cell walls is limited for reducing lignocellulose recalcitrance, so mild and/or green-like pretreatment is still required for sequential enzymatic saccharification. Here, we report a method to reduce lignin content in sugarcane stalks using the CRISPR/Cas 9 technique. Three target sequences of SoLIM were designed and fused to pRGEB32. The cassette constructs were introduced into sugarcane calli cv. KK3 through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We produced one base substitution and one insertion line for the 1st target site; two insertions, one deletion, and one base substitution for the 2nd target site; and one base substitution and insertion for the 3rd target site. qRT-PCR analysis of SoLIM, SoPAL, SoC4H, and SoCAD showeded that downregulation of SoLIM by single nucleotide insertions or deletions reduced the expression of SoPAL, SoC4H, and SoCAD. Consequently, the edited lines contained 9.74 to 51.46% less lignin content compared to that in the wild-type plants. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of the edited lines ranged between 0.23 and 0.49, while the wild-type was 0.22. The histochemical evaluation and scanning electron microscopy of the cell walls supported this observation. A low lignin content sugarcane will provide a better feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakan Laksana
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University Sakaeo Campus, Sakaeo 27160, Thailand
| | - Onsulang Sophiphun
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University Sakaeo Campus, Sakaeo 27160, Thailand
| | - Sontichai Chanprame
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
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Prado GS, Rocha DC, dos Santos LN, Contiliani DF, Nobile PM, Martinati-Schenk JC, Padilha L, Maluf MP, Lubini G, Pereira TC, Monteiro-Vitorello CB, Creste S, Boscariol-Camargo RL, Takita MA, Cristofani-Yaly M, de Souza AA. CRISPR technology towards genome editing of the perennial and semi-perennial crops citrus, coffee and sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1331258. [PMID: 38259920 PMCID: PMC10801916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1331258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Gene editing technologies have opened up the possibility of manipulating the genome of any organism in a predicted way. CRISPR technology is the most used genome editing tool and, in agriculture, it has allowed the expansion of possibilities in plant biotechnology, such as gene knockout or knock-in, transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modification, base editing, RNA editing, prime editing, and nucleic acid probing or detection. This technology mostly depends on in vitro tissue culture and genetic transformation/transfection protocols, which sometimes become the major challenges for its application in different crops. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistics, plasmid or RNP (ribonucleoprotein) transfection of protoplasts are some of the commonly used CRISPR delivery methods, but they depend on the genotype and target gene for efficient editing. The choice of the CRISPR system (Cas9, Cas12), CRISPR mechanism (plasmid or RNP) and transfection technique (Agrobacterium spp., PEG solution, lipofection) directly impacts the transformation efficiency and/or editing rate. Besides, CRISPR/Cas technology has made countries rethink regulatory frameworks concerning genetically modified organisms and flexibilize regulatory obstacles for edited plants. Here we present an overview of the state-of-the-art of CRISPR technology applied to three important crops worldwide (citrus, coffee and sugarcane), considering the biological, methodological, and regulatory aspects of its application. In addition, we provide perspectives on recently developed CRISPR tools and promising applications for each of these crops, thus highlighting the usefulness of gene editing to develop novel cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Souza Prado
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
| | - Dhiôvanna Corrêia Rocha
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nascimento dos Santos
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danyel Fernandes Contiliani
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Macedo Nobile
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Padilha
- Coffee Center of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
- Embrapa Coffee, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Mirian Perez Maluf
- Coffee Center of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
- Embrapa Coffee, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Greice Lubini
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiago Campos Pereira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Creste
- Sugarcane Research Center – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Takita
- Citrus Research Center “Sylvio Moreira” – Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, Brazil
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Bravo-Vázquez LA, Méndez-García A, Chamu-García V, Rodríguez AL, Bandyopadhyay A, Paul S. The applications of CRISPR/Cas-mediated microRNA and lncRNA editing in plant biology: shaping the future of plant non-coding RNA research. PLANTA 2023; 259:32. [PMID: 38153530 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION CRISPR/Cas technology has greatly facilitated plant non-coding RNA (ncRNA) biology research, establishing itself as a promising tool for ncRNA functional characterization and ncRNA-mediated plant improvement. Throughout the last decade, the promising genome editing tool clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas; CRISPR/Cas) has allowed unprecedented advances in the field of plant functional genomics and crop improvement. Even though CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing system has been widely used to elucidate the biological significance of a number of plant protein-coding genes, this technology has been barely applied in the functional analysis of those non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that modulate gene expression, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Nevertheless, compelling findings indicate that CRISPR/Cas-based ncRNA editing has remarkable potential for deciphering the biological roles of ncRNAs in plants, as well as for plant breeding. For instance, it has been demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas tool could overcome the challenges associated with other approaches employed in functional genomic studies (e.g., incomplete knockdown and off-target activity). Thus, in this review article, we discuss the current status and progress of CRISPR/Cas-mediated ncRNA editing in plant science in order to provide novel prospects for further assessment and validation of the biological activities of plant ncRNAs and to enhance the development of ncRNA-centered protocols for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrea Méndez-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Verenice Chamu-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, 72453, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alma L Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, 4031, Manila, Philippines.
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India.
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Hooghvorst I, Altpeter F. dCas9-3xSRDX-mediated transcriptional repression in sugarcane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1837-1840. [PMID: 37667014 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Targeting dCas9 fused with the 3xSRDX effector to the 5'UTR leads to strong repression of magnesium chelatase in highly polyploid sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidre Hooghvorst
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE, Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- DOE, Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Bozdar B, Chachar S, Rai M, Li J, Li Y, Hayat F, Chachar Z, Tu P. The power of magnesium: unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285512. [PMID: 37941670 PMCID: PMC10628537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is pivotal for the vitality, yield, and quality of horticultural crops. Central to plant physiology, Mg2+ powers photosynthesis as an integral component of chlorophyll, bolstering growth and biomass accumulation. Beyond basic growth, it critically affects crop quality factors, from chlorophyll synthesis to taste, texture, and shelf life. However, Mg2 + deficiency can cripple yields and impede plant development. Magnesium Transporters (MGTs) orchestrate Mg2+ dynamics, with notable variations observed in horticultural species such as Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus, and Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, Mg2+ is key in fortifying plants against environmental stressors and diseases by reinforcing cell walls and spurring the synthesis of defense substances. A burgeoning area of research is the application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), which, owing to their nanoscale size and high reactivity, optimize nutrient uptake, and enhance plant growth and stress resilience. Concurrently, modern breeding techniques provide insights into Mg2+ dynamics to develop crops with improved Mg2+ efficiency and resilience to deficiency. Effective Mg2+ management through soil tests, balanced fertilization, and pH adjustments holds promise for maximizing crop health, productivity, and sustainability. This review unravels the nuanced intricacies of Mg2+ in plant physiology and genetics, and its interplay with external factors, serving as a cornerstone for those keen on harnessing its potential for horticultural excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mehtab Rai
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Cao VD, Luo G, Korynta S, Liu H, Liang Y, Shanklin J, Altpeter F. Intron-mediated enhancement of DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 expression in energycane promotes a step change for lipid accumulation in vegetative tissues. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:153. [PMID: 37838699 PMCID: PMC10576891 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic engineering for hyperaccumulation of lipids in vegetative tissues is a novel strategy for enhancing energy density and biofuel production from biomass crops. Energycane is a prime feedstock for this approach due to its high biomass production and resilience under marginal conditions. DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE (DGAT) catalyzes the last and only committed step in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and can be a rate-limiting enzyme for the production of TAG. RESULTS In this study, we explored the effect of intron-mediated enhancement (IME) on the expression of DGAT1 and resulting accumulation of TAG and total fatty acid (TFA) in leaf and stem tissues of energycane. To maximize lipid accumulation these evaluations were carried out by co-expressing the lipogenic transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and the TAG protect factor oleosin (OLE1). Including an intron in the codon-optimized TmDGAT1 elevated the accumulation of its transcript in leaves by seven times on average based on 5 transgenic lines for each construct. Plants with WRI1 (W), DGAT1 with intron (Di), and OLE1 (O) expression (WDiO) accumulated TAG up to a 3.85% of leaf dry weight (DW), a 192-fold increase compared to non-modified energycane (WT) and a 3.8-fold increase compared to the highest accumulation under the intron-less gene combination (WDO). This corresponded to TFA accumulation of up to 8.4% of leaf dry weight, a 2.8-fold or 6.1-fold increase compared to WDO or WT, respectively. Co-expression of WDiO resulted in stem accumulations of TAG up to 1.14% of DW or TFA up to 2.08% of DW that exceeded WT by 57-fold or 12-fold and WDO more than twofold, respectively. Constitutive expression of these lipogenic "push pull and protect" factors correlated with biomass reduction. CONCLUSIONS Intron-mediated enhancement (IME) of the expression of DGAT resulted in a step change in lipid accumulation of energycane and confirmed that under our experimental conditions it is rate limiting for lipid accumulation. IME should be applied to other lipogenic factors and metabolic engineering strategies. The findings from this study may be valuable in developing a high biomass feedstock for commercial production of lipids and advanced biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Dang Cao
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shelby Korynta
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Yuanxue Liang
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, USA.
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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12
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Kocsisova Z, Coneva V. Strategies for delivery of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing to obtain edited plants directly without transgene integration. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1209586. [PMID: 37545761 PMCID: PMC10398581 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1209586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased understanding of plant genetics and the development of powerful and easier-to-use gene editing tools over the past century have revolutionized humankind's ability to deliver precise genotypes in crops. Plant transformation techniques are well developed for making transgenic varieties in certain crops and model organisms, yet reagent delivery and plant regeneration remain key bottlenecks to applying the technology of gene editing to most crops. Typical plant transformation protocols to produce transgenic, genetically modified (GM) varieties rely on transgenes, chemical selection, and tissue culture. Typical protocols to make gene edited (GE) varieties also use transgenes, even though these may be undesirable in the final crop product. In some crops, the transgenes are routinely segregated away during meiosis by performing crosses, and thus only a minor concern. In other crops, particularly those propagated vegetatively, complex hybrids, or crops with long generation times, such crosses are impractical or impossible. This review highlights diverse strategies to deliver CRISPR/Cas gene editing reagents to regenerable plant cells and to recover edited plants without unwanted integration of transgenes. Some examples include delivering DNA-free gene editing reagents such as ribonucleoproteins or mRNA, relying on reagent expression from non-integrated DNA, using novel delivery mechanisms such as viruses or nanoparticles, using unconventional selection methods to avoid integration of transgenes, and/or avoiding tissue culture altogether. These methods are advancing rapidly and already enabling crop scientists to make use of the precision of CRISPR gene editing tools.
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May D, Sanchez S, Gilby J, Altpeter F. Multi-allelic gene editing in an apomictic, tetraploid turf and forage grass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) using CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225775. [PMID: 37521929 PMCID: PMC10373592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is common among grasses (Poaceae) and poses challenges for conventional breeding. Genome editing technology circumvents crossing and selfing, enabling targeted modifications to multiple gene copies in a single generation while maintaining the heterozygous context of many polyploid genomes. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé; 2n=4x=40) is an apomictic, tetraploid C4 species that is widely grown in the southeastern United States as forage in beef cattle production and utility turf. The chlorophyll biosynthesis gene magnesium chelatase (MgCh) was selected as a rapid readout target for establishing genome editing in tetraploid bahiagrass. Vectors containing sgRNAs, Cas9 and nptII were delivered to callus cultures by biolistics. Edited plants were characterized through PCR-based assays and DNA sequencing, and mutagenesis frequencies as high as 99% of Illumina reads were observed. Sequencing of wild type (WT) bahiagrass revealed a high level of sequence variation in MgCh likely due to the presence of at least two copies with possibly eight different alleles, including pseudogenes. MgCh mutants exhibited visible chlorophyll depletion with up to 82% reductions in leaf greenness. Two lines displayed progression of editing over time which was linked to somatic editing. Apomictic progeny of a chimeric MgCh editing event were obtained and allowed identification of uniformly edited progeny plants among a range of chlorophyll depletion phenotypes. Sanger sequencing of a highly edited mutant revealed elevated frequency of a WT allele, probably due to frequent homology-directed repair (HDR). To our knowledge these experiments comprise the first report of genome editing applied in perennial, warm-season turf or forage grasses. This technology will accelerate bahiagrass cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David May
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara Sanchez
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Gilby
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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14
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Ahmad N, Fatima S, Mehmood MA, Zaman QU, Atif RM, Zhou W, Rahman MU, Gill RA. Targeted genome editing in polyploids: lessons from Brassica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152468. [PMID: 37409308 PMCID: PMC10318174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated genome editing has emerged as a powerful tool for creating targeted mutations in the genome for various applications, including studying gene functions, engineering resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses, and increasing yield and quality. However, its utilization is limited to model crops for which well-annotated genome sequences are available. Many crops of dietary and economic importance, such as wheat, cotton, rapeseed-mustard, and potato, are polyploids with complex genomes. Therefore, progress in these crops has been hampered due to genome complexity. Excellent work has been conducted on some species of Brassica for its improvement through genome editing. Although excellent work has been conducted on some species of Brassica for genome improvement through editing, work on polyploid crops, including U's triangle species, holds numerous implications for improving other polyploid crops. In this review, we summarize key examples from genome editing work done on Brassica and discuss important considerations for deploying CRISPR-mediated genome editing more efficiently in other polyploid crops for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samia Fatima
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qamar U. Zaman
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- National Center of Genome Editing, Center of Advanced Studies, Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Spectroscopy Sensing, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mehboob-ur Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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15
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May D, Paldi K, Altpeter F. Targeted mutagenesis with sequence-specific nucleases for accelerated improvement of polyploid crops: Progress, challenges, and prospects. THE PLANT GENOME 2023:e20298. [PMID: 36692095 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many of the world's most important crops are polyploid. The presence of more than two sets of chromosomes within their nuclei and frequently aberrant reproductive biology in polyploids present obstacles to conventional breeding. The presence of a larger number of homoeologous copies of each gene makes random mutation breeding a daunting task for polyploids. Genome editing has revolutionized improvement of polyploid crops as multiple gene copies and/or alleles can be edited simultaneously while preserving the key attributes of elite cultivars. Most genome-editing platforms employ sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) to generate DNA double-stranded breaks at their target gene. Such DNA breaks are typically repaired via the error-prone nonhomologous end-joining process, which often leads to frame shift mutations, causing loss of gene function. Genome editing has enhanced the disease resistance, yield components, and end-use quality of polyploid crops. However, identification of candidate targets, genotyping, and requirement of high mutagenesis efficiency remain bottlenecks for targeted mutagenesis in polyploids. In this review, we will survey the tremendous progress of SSN-mediated targeted mutagenesis in polyploid crop improvement, discuss its challenges, and identify optimizations needed to sustain further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David May
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katalin Paldi
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Verma KK, Song XP, Budeguer F, Nikpay A, Enrique R, Singh M, Zhang BQ, Wu JM, Li YR. Genetic engineering: an efficient approach to mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses in sugarcane cultivation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2108253. [PMID: 35959678 PMCID: PMC9377231 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are the foremost limiting factors for crop productivity. Crop plants need to cope with adverse external pressure caused by various environmental conditions with their intrinsic biological mechanisms to keep their growth, development, and productivity. Climate-resilient, high-yielding crops need to be developed to maintain sustainable food supply. Over the last decade, understanding of the genetic complexity of agronomic traits in sugarcane has prompted the integrated application of genetic engineering to address specific biological questions. Genes for adaptation to environmental stress and yield enhancement traits are being determined and introgressed to develop elite sugarcane cultivars with improved characteristics through genetic engineering approaches. Here, we discuss the advancement to provide a reference for future sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Florencia Budeguer
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Amin Nikpay
- Department of Plant Protection, Sugarcane and By-Products Development Company, Salman Farsi Agroindustry, AhwazIran
| | - Ramon Enrique
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow–India
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
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17
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Kannan B, Liu H, Shanklin J, Altpeter F. Towards oilcane: preliminary field evaluation of metabolically engineered sugarcane with hyper-accumulation of triacylglycerol in vegetative tissues. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:64. [PMID: 37313011 PMCID: PMC10248597 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We recently generated oilcane, a metabolically engineered sugarcane with hyper-accumulation of energy dense triacylglycerol in vegetative tissues. Refinement of this strategy in high biomass crops like sugarcane may result in elevated lipid yields that exceed traditional oilseed crops for biodiesel production. This is the first report of agronomic performance, stable co-expression of lipogenic factors, and TAG accumulation in transgenic sugarcane under field conditions. Co-expression of WRI1; DGAT1, OLE1, and RNAi suppression of PXA1 was stable during the 2-year field evaluation and resulted in TAG accumulation up to 4.4% of leaf DW. This TAG accumulation was 70-fold higher than in non-transgenic sugarcane and more than 2-fold higher than previously reported for the same line under greenhouse conditions. TAG accumulation correlated highest with the expression of WRI1. However, constitutive expression of WRI1 was negatively correlated with biomass accumulation. Transgenic lines without WRI1 expression accumulated TAG up to 1.6% of leaf DW and displayed no biomass yield penalty in the plant cane. These findings confirm sugarcane as a promising platform for the production of vegetative lipids and will be used to inform strategies to maximize future biomass and lipid yields. The main conclusion is that constitutive expression of WRI1 in combination with additional lipogenic factors (DGAT1-2, OLE1, PXA1) in sugarcane under field conditions leads to hyper-accumulation of TAG and reduces biomass yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01333-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Kannan
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Brookhaven, NY USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Brookhaven, NY USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA
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Dinesh Babu KS, Janakiraman V, Palaniswamy H, Kasirajan L, Gomathi R, Ramkumar TR. A short review on sugarcane: its domestication, molecular manipulations and future perspectives. GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION 2022; 69:2623-2643. [PMID: 36159774 PMCID: PMC9483297 DOI: 10.1007/s10722-022-01430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a special crop plant that underwent anthropogenic evolution from a wild grass species to an important food, fodder, and energy crop. Unlike any other grass species which were selected for their kernels, sugarcane was selected for its high stem sucrose accumulation. Flowering in sugarcane is not favored since flowering diverts the stored sugar resources for the reproductive and developmental energy needs. Cultivars are vegetatively propagated and sugarcane breeding is still essentially focused on conventional methods, since the knowledge of sugarcane genetics has lagged that of other major crops. Cultivar improvement has been extremely challenging due to its polyploidy and aneuploidy nature derived from a few interspecific hybridizations between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum, revealing the coexistence of two distinct genome organization modes in the modern variety. Alongside implementation of modern agricultural techniques, generation of hybrid clones, transgenics and genome edited events will help to meet the ever-growing bioenergy needs. Additionally, there are two common biotechnological approaches to improve plant stress tolerance, which includes marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genetic transformation. During the past two decades, the use of molecular approaches has contributed greatly to a better understanding of the genetic and biochemical basis of plant stress-tolerance and in some cases, it led to the development of plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. Hence, this review mainly intends on the events that shaped the sugarcane as what it is now and what challenges ahead and measures taken to further improve its yield, production and maximize utilization to beat the growing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vardhana Janakiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced studies (VISTAS), Chennai, TN 600117 India
| | - Harunipriya Palaniswamy
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR‐Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, TN 641007 India
| | - Lakshmi Kasirajan
- Genomics Laboratory, Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR‐Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, TN 641007 India
| | - Raju Gomathi
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Division of Crop Production, ICAR‐Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, TN 641007 India
| | - Thakku R. Ramkumar
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19001 USA
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19
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Luo G, Cao VD, Kannan B, Liu H, Shanklin J, Altpeter F. Metabolic engineering of energycane to hyperaccumulate lipids in vegetative biomass. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:24. [PMID: 36042455 PMCID: PMC9425976 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic engineering of high-biomass crops for lipid production in their vegetative biomass has recently been proposed as a strategy to elevate energy density and lipid yields for biodiesel production. Energycane and sugarcane are highly polyploid, interspecific hybrids between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum that differ in the amount of ancestral contribution to their genomes. This results in greater biomass yield and persistence in energycane, which makes it the preferred target crop for biofuel production. Results Here, we report on the hyperaccumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in energycane following the overexpression of the lipogenic factors Diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-2 (DGAT1-2) and Oleosin1 (OLE1) in combination with RNAi suppression of SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) and Trigalactosyl diacylglycerol1 (TGD1). TAG accumulated up to 1.52% of leaf dry weight (DW,) a rate that was 30-fold that of non-modified energycane, in addition to almost doubling the total fatty acid content in leaves to 4.42% of its DW. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the accumulation of TAG had the highest correlation with the expression level of ZmDGAT1-2, followed by the level of RNAi suppression for SDP1. Conclusions This is the first report on the metabolic engineering of energycane and demonstrates that this resilient, high-biomass crop is an excellent target for the further optimization of the production of lipids from vegetative tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-022-00753-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Luo
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Viet Dang Cao
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baskaran Kannan
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Meena MR, Appunu C, Arun Kumar R, Manimekalai R, Vasantha S, Krishnappa G, Kumar R, Pandey SK, Hemaprabha G. Recent Advances in Sugarcane Genomics, Physiology, and Phenomics for Superior Agronomic Traits. Front Genet 2022; 13:854936. [PMID: 35991570 PMCID: PMC9382102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in sugarcane breeding have contributed significantly to improvements in agronomic traits and crop yield. However, the growing global demand for sugar and biofuel in the context of climate change requires further improvements in cane and sugar yields. Attempts to achieve the desired rates of genetic gain in sugarcane by conventional breeding means are difficult as many agronomic traits are genetically complex and polygenic, with each gene exerting small effects. Unlike those of many other crops, the sugarcane genome is highly heterozygous due to its autopolyploid nature, which further hinders the development of a comprehensive genetic map. Despite these limitations, many superior agronomic traits/genes for higher cane yield, sugar production, and disease/pest resistance have been identified through the mapping of quantitative trait loci, genome-wide association studies, and transcriptome approaches. Improvements in traits controlled by one or two loci are relatively easy to achieve; however, this is not the case for traits governed by many genes. Many desirable phenotypic traits are controlled by quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) with small and variable effects. Assembling these desired QTNs by conventional breeding methods is time consuming and inefficient due to genetic drift. However, recent developments in genomics selection (GS) have allowed sugarcane researchers to select and accumulate desirable alleles imparting superior traits as GS is based on genomic estimated breeding values, which substantially increases the selection efficiency and genetic gain in sugarcane breeding programs. Next-generation sequencing techniques coupled with genome-editing technologies have provided new vistas in harnessing the sugarcane genome to look for desirable agronomic traits such as erect canopy, leaf angle, prolonged greening, high biomass, deep root system, and the non-flowering nature of the crop. Many desirable cane-yielding traits, such as single cane weight, numbers of tillers, numbers of millable canes, as well as cane quality traits, such as sucrose and sugar yield, have been explored using these recent biotechnological tools. This review will focus on the recent advances in sugarcane genomics related to genetic gain and the identification of favorable alleles for superior agronomic traits for further utilization in sugarcane breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Ram Meena
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Karnal, India
- *Correspondence: Mintu Ram Meena, ; Chinnaswamy Appunu,
| | - Chinnaswamy Appunu
- ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Mintu Ram Meena, ; Chinnaswamy Appunu,
| | - R. Arun Kumar
- ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - S. Vasantha
- ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Karnal, India
| | - S. K. Pandey
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Karnal, India
| | - G. Hemaprabha
- ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
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21
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Joo KA, Muszynski MG, Kantar MB, Wang ML, He X, Del Valle Echevarria AR. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas in Tropical Crop Improvement: A Decision Process for Fitting Genome Engineering to Your Species. Front Genet 2021; 12:786140. [PMID: 34868276 PMCID: PMC8633396 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.786140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adopting modern gene-editing technologies for trait improvement in agriculture requires important workflow developments, yet these developments are not often discussed. Using tropical crop systems as a case study, we describe a workflow broken down into discrete processes with specific steps and decision points that allow for the practical application of the CRISPR-Cas gene editing platform in a crop of interest. While we present the steps of developing genome-edited plants as sequential, in practice parts can be done in parallel, which are discussed in this perspective. The main processes include 1) understanding the genetic basis of the trait along with having the crop’s genome sequence, 2) testing and optimization of the editing reagents, development of efficient 3) tissue culture and 4) transformation methods, and 5) screening methods to identify edited events with commercial potential. Our goal in this perspective is to help any lab that wishes to implement this powerful, easy-to-use tool in their pipeline, thus aiming to democratize the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Joo
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael G Muszynski
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael B Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ming-Li Wang
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu, HI, United States
| | - Xiaoling He
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu, HI, United States
| | - Angel R Del Valle Echevarria
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu, HI, United States
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22
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Brant EJ, Baloglu MC, Parikh A, Altpeter F. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated targeted mutagenesis of Liguleless1 in sorghum provides a rapidly scorable phenotype by altering leaf inclination angle. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100237. [PMID: 34343415 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is one of the world's most cultivated cereal crops. Biotechnology approaches have great potential to complement traditional crop improvement. Earlier studies in rice and maize revealed that lg1 is responsible for formation of the ligule and auricle which determine the leaf inclination angle. However, generation and analysis of lg1 mutants in sorghum has so far not been described. Here, we describe CRISPR/Cas9 mediated targeted mutagenesis of Liguleless1 (lg1) in sorghum and phenotypic changes in mono- and biallelic lg1 mutants. Genome editing reagents were co-delivered to sorghum (var. Tx430) with the nptII selectable marker via particle bombardment of immature embryos followed by regeneration of transgenic plants. Sanger sequencing confirmed a single nucleotide insertion in the sgRNA lg1 target site. Monoallelic edited plantlets displayed more upright leaves in tissue culture and after transfer to soil when compared to wild type. T1 progeny plants with biallelic lg1 mutation lacked ligules entirely and displayed a more severe reduction in leaf inclination angle than monoallelic mutants. Transgene-free lg1 mutants devoid of the genome editing vector were also recovered in the segregating T1 generation. Targeted mutagenesis of lg1 provides a rapidly scorable phenotype in tissue culture and will facilitate optimization of genome editing protocols. Altering leaf inclination angle also has the potential to elevate yield in high-density plantings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Brant
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Aalap Parikh
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Oz MT, Altpeter A, Karan R, Merotto A, Altpeter F. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multi-Allelic Gene Targeting in Sugarcane Confers Herbicide Tolerance. Front Genome Ed 2021; 3:673566. [PMID: 34713261 PMCID: PMC8525412 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.673566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is the source of 80% of the sugar and 26% of the bioethanol produced globally. However, its complex, highly polyploid genome (2n = 100 - 120) impedes crop improvement. Here, we report efficient and reproducible gene targeting (GT) in sugarcane, enabling precise co-editing of multiple alleles via template-mediated and homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double strand breaks induced by the programmable nuclease CRISPR/Cas9. The evaluation of 146 independently transformed plants from five independent experiments revealed a targeted nucleotide replacement that resulted in both targeted amino acid substitutions W574L and S653I in the acetolactate synthase (ALS) in 11 lines in addition to single, targeted amino acid substitutions W574L or S653I in 25 or 18 lines, respectively. Co-editing of up to three ALS copies/alleles that confer herbicide tolerance was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of cloned long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons. This work will enable crop improvement by conversion of inferior alleles to superior alleles through targeted nucleotide substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Tufan Oz
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angelika Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ratna Karan
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aldo Merotto
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, United States
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24
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Budeguer F, Enrique R, Perera MF, Racedo J, Castagnaro AP, Noguera AS, Welin B. Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:768609. [PMID: 34858464 PMCID: PMC8632530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a tropical and sub-tropical, vegetative-propagated crop that contributes to approximately 80% of the sugar and 40% of the world's biofuel production. Modern sugarcane cultivars are highly polyploid and aneuploid hybrids with extremely large genomes (>10 Gigabases), that have originated from artificial crosses between the two species, Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum. The genetic complexity and low fertility of sugarcane under natural growing conditions make traditional breeding improvement extremely laborious, costly and time-consuming. This, together with its vegetative propagation, which allows for stable transfer and multiplication of transgenes, make sugarcane a good candidate for crop improvement through genetic engineering. Genetic transformation has the potential to improve economically important properties in sugarcane as well as diversify sugarcane beyond traditional applications, such as sucrose production. Traits such as herbicide, disease and insect resistance, improved tolerance to cold, salt and drought and accumulation of sugar and biomass have been some of the areas of interest as far as the application of transgenic sugarcane is concerned. Although there have been much interest in developing transgenic sugarcane there are only three officially approved varieties for commercialization, all of them expressing insect-resistance and recently released in Brazil. Since the early 1990's, different genetic transformation systems have been successfully developed in sugarcane, including electroporation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biobalistics. However, genetic transformation of sugarcane is a very laborious process, which relies heavily on intensive and sophisticated tissue culture and plant generation procedures that must be optimized for each new genotype to be transformed. Therefore, it remains a great technical challenge to develop an efficient transformation protocol for any sugarcane variety that has not been previously transformed. Additionally, once a transgenic event is obtained, molecular studies required for a commercial release by regulatory authorities, which include transgene insertion site, number of transgenes and gene expression levels, are all hindered by the genomic complexity and the lack of a complete sequenced reference genome for this crop. The objective of this review is to summarize current techniques and state of the art in sugarcane transformation and provide information on existing and future sugarcane improvement by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Budeguer
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Ramón Enrique
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - María Francisca Perera
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Josefina Racedo
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Atilio Pedro Castagnaro
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
- Centro Cientifico Tecnológico (CCT) CONICET NOA Sur, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Aldo Sergio Noguera
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Bjorn Welin
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Talitas, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Bjorn Welin,
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