1
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Jalal MS, Duttaroy A. Maternal Spargel/dPGC-1 is critical for embryonic development and influences chorion gene amplification via Cyclin E activity. Dev Biol 2024; 516:158-166. [PMID: 39173813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The function of spargel/dPGC-1 in Drosophila oogenesis has been unequivocally established. Here, we sought to assess whether Spargel protein or RNA is essential for developmentally competent eggs. The trans-heterozygotic combination of two spargel mutant alleles allowed us to decrease Spargel expression to very low levels. Using this model, we now demonstrated the requirement for Spargel in eggshell patterning and embryonic development, which led us to establish that spargel is a maternal effect gene. Further examination of Spargel's potential mechanism of action in eggshell biogenesis revealed that low levels of Spargel in the adult ovary cause diminished Cyclin E activity, resulting in reduced chorion gene amplification levels, leading to eggshell biogenesis defects. Thus, another novel role for spargel/dPGC-1 is exposed whereby, through Cyclin E activity, this conserved transcriptional coactivator regulates the chorion gene amplification process.
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2
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Weisz ED, Fenton AR, Jongens TA. PGC-1α integrates insulin signaling with mitochondrial physiology and behavior in a Drosophila model of Fragile X Syndrome. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 2:2. [PMID: 38741938 PMCID: PMC11090494 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-024-00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent monogenetic form of intellectual disability and autism. Recently, dysregulation of insulin signaling (IS) and aberrations in mitochondrial function have emerged as robust, evolutionarily conserved components of FXS pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms by which altered IS and mitochondrial dysfunction impact behavior in the context of FXS remain elusive. Here, we show that normalization of IS improves mitochondrial volume and function in flies that lack expression of dfmr1, the Drosophila homolog of the causal gene of FXS in humans. Further, we demonstrate that dysregulation of IS underlies diminished expression of the mitochondrial master regulator PGC-1α/Spargel in dfmr1 mutant flies. These results are behaviorally relevant, as we show that pan-neuronal augmentation of PGC-1α/Spargel improves circadian behavior in dfmr1 mutants. Notably, we also show that modulation of PGC-1α/Spargel expression in wild-type flies phenocopies the dfmr1 mutant circadian defect. Taken together, the results presented herein provide a mechanistic link between mitochondrial function and circadian behavior both in FXS pathogenesis as well as more broadly at the interface between metabolism and behavioral output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana D. Weisz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Autism Spectrum Program of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam R. Fenton
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas A. Jongens
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Autism Spectrum Program of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Roy SD, Nagarajan S, Jalal MS, Basar MA, Duttaroy A. New mutant alleles for Spargel/dPGC-1 highlights the function of Spargel RRM domain in oogenesis and expands the role of Spargel in embryogenesis and intracellular transport. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad142. [PMID: 37369430 PMCID: PMC10468312 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism in vertebrates is controlled by three members of the PGC-1 (PPAR γ- coactivator 1) family, transcriptional coactivators that shape responses to physiological stimuli by interacting with the nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. Multiple evidence now supports that Spargel protein found in insects and ascidians is the ancestral form of vertebrate PGC-1's. Here, we undertook functional analysis of srl gene in Drosophila, asking about the requirement of Spargel per se during embryogenesis and its RNA binding domains. CRISPR- engineered srl gene deletion turned out to be an amorphic allele that is late embryonic/early larval lethal and Spargel protein missing its RNA binding domain (SrlΔRRM) negatively affects female fertility. Overexpression of wild-type Spargel in transgenic flies expedited the growth of egg chambers. On the other hand, oogenesis is blocked in a dominant-negative fashion in the presence of excess Spargel lacking its RRM domains. Finally, we observed aggregation of Notch proteins in egg chambers of srl mutant flies, suggesting that Spargel is involved in intracellular transport of Notch proteins. Taken together, we claim that these new mutant alleles of spargel are emerging powerful tools for revealing new biological functions for Spargel, an essential transcription coactivator in both Drosophila and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagota D Roy
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College St. NW, Washington D.C., USA 20059
| | - Sabarish Nagarajan
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College St. NW, Washington D.C., USA 20059
| | - Md Shah Jalal
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College St. NW, Washington D.C., USA 20059
| | - Md Abul Basar
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College St. NW, Washington D.C., USA 20059
| | - Atanu Duttaroy
- Biology Department, Howard University, 415 College St. NW, Washington D.C., USA 20059
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4
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Damschroder D, Zapata-Pérez R, Richardson K, Vaz FM, Houtkooper RH, Wessells R. Stimulating the sir2-spargel axis rescues exercise capacity and mitochondrial respiration in a Drosophila model of Barth syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049279. [PMID: 36107830 PMCID: PMC9558626 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid required for proper mitochondrial function. Tafazzin remodels CL to create highly unsaturated fatty acid chains. However, when TAFAZZIN is mutated, CL remodeling is impeded, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the disease Barth syndrome. Patients with Barth syndrome often have severe exercise intolerance, which negatively impacts their overall quality of life. Boosting NAD+ levels can improve symptoms of other mitochondrial diseases, but its effect in the context of Barth syndrome has not been examined. We demonstrate, for the first time, that nicotinamide riboside can rescue exercise tolerance and mitochondrial respiration in a Drosophila Tafazzin mutant and that the beneficial effects are dependent on sir2 and spargel. Overexpressing spargel increased the total abundance of CL in mutants. In addition, muscles and neurons were identified as key targets for future therapies because sir2 or spargel overexpression in either of these tissues is sufficient to restore the exercise capacity of Drosophila Tafazzin mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Damschroder
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rubén Zapata-Pérez
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin Richardson
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Wessells
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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5
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Girard JR, Goins LM, Vuu DM, Sharpley MS, Spratford CM, Mantri SR, Banerjee U. Paths and pathways that generate cell-type heterogeneity and developmental progression in hematopoiesis. eLife 2021; 10:e67516. [PMID: 34713801 PMCID: PMC8610493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of Drosophila lymph gland hematopoiesis are limited by the availability of cell-type-specific markers. Using a combination of bulk RNA-Seq of FACS-sorted cells, single-cell RNA-Seq, and genetic dissection, we identify new blood cell subpopulations along a developmental trajectory with multiple paths to mature cell types. This provides functional insights into key developmental processes and signaling pathways. We highlight metabolism as a driver of development, show that graded Pointed expression allows distinct roles in successive developmental steps, and that mature crystal cells specifically express an alternate isoform of Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif/Sima). Mechanistically, the Musashi-regulated protein Numb facilitates Sima-dependent non-canonical, and inhibits canonical, Notch signaling. Broadly, we find that prior to making a fate choice, a progenitor selects between alternative, biologically relevant, transitory states allowing smooth transitions reflective of combinatorial expressions rather than stepwise binary decisions. Increasingly, this view is gaining support in mammalian hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet R Girard
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Lauren M Goins
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Dung M Vuu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mark S Sharpley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Carrie M Spratford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Shreya R Mantri
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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6
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Luckhart S, Riehle MA. Midgut Mitochondrial Function as a Gatekeeper for Malaria Parasite Infection and Development in the Mosquito Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:593159. [PMID: 33363053 PMCID: PMC7759495 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.593159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Across diverse organisms, various physiologies are profoundly regulated by mitochondrial function, which is defined by mitochondrial fusion, biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and mitophagy. Based on our data and significant published studies from Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and mammals, we propose that midgut mitochondria control midgut health and the health of other tissues in vector mosquitoes. Specifically, we argue that trade-offs among resistance to infection, metabolism, lifespan, and reproduction in vector mosquitoes are fundamentally controlled both locally and systemically by midgut mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Michael A Riehle
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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7
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Basar MA, Williamson K, Roy SD, Finger DS, Ables ET, Duttaroy A. Spargel/dPGC-1 is essential for oogenesis and nutrient-mediated ovarian growth in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2019; 454:97-107. [PMID: 31251895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary proteins are crucial for oogenesis. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a major nutrient sensor controlling organismal growth and fertility, but the downstream effectors of TOR signaling remain largely uncharacterized. We previously identified Drosophila Spargel/dPGC-1 as a terminal effector of the TOR-TSC pathway, and now report that Spargel connects nutrition to oogenesis. We found that Spargel is expressed predominantly in the ovaries of adult flies, and germline spargel knockdown inhibits cyst growth, ultimately leading to egg chamber degeneration and female sterility. In situ staining demonstrated nuclear localization of Spargel in the nurse cells and follicle cells of the ovariole. Furthermore, Spargel/dPGC-1 expression is influenced by dietary yeast concentration and TOR signaling, suggesting Spargel/dPGC-1 might transmit nutrient-mediated signals into ovarian growth. We propose that potentiating Spargel/dPGC-1 expression in the ovary is instrumental in nutrient-mediated regulation of oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abul Basar
- Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Kishana Williamson
- Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Swagota D Roy
- Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Danielle S Finger
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, 1001 E. 10th St., Mailstop 551, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, 1001 E. 10th St., Mailstop 551, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Atanu Duttaroy
- Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
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8
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Germline knockdown of spargel (PGC-1) produces embryonic lethality in Drosophila. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:189-199. [PMID: 31473309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators have been proposed as master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. Here we show that the single member of the family in Drosophila, spargel (srl) has an essential role in early development. Female germline-specific RNAi knockdown resulted in embryonic semilethality. Embryos were small, with most suffering a catastrophic derangement of cellularization and gastrulation, although genes dependent on localized determinants were expressed normally. The abundance of mtDNA, representative mitochondrial proteins and mRNAs were not decreased in knockdown ovaries or embryos, indicating that srl has a more general role in early development than specifically promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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9
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Northam C, LeMoine CMR. Metabolic regulation by the PGC-1α and PGC-1β coactivators in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 234:60-67. [PMID: 31004809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family is composed of three coactivators whose role in regulating mammalian bioenergetics regulation is clear, but is much less certain in other vertebrates. Current evidence suggests that in fish, PGC-1α and PGC-1β may exhibit much less redundancy in the control of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis compared to mammals. To assess these roles directly, we knocked down PGC-1α and PGC-1β expression with morpholinos in zebrafish embryos, and we investigated the resulting molecular and physiological phenotypes. First, we found no effects of either morpholinos on larval hatching, heart rates and oxygen consumption over the first few days of development. Next, at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), we confirmed by real time PCR a specific knock down of both coactivators, that resulted in a significant reduction in the transcript levels of citrate synthase (CS), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) in both morphant groups. However, there was no effect on transcription factors' gene expression except for a marked reduction in estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) transcripts in PGC-1α morphants. Finally, we assessed whole embryonic enzyme activity for CS, cytochrome oxidase (COX), HOAD and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) at 4 dpf. The only significant effect of the knockdown was a reduced CS activity in PGC-1α morphants and a counterintuitive increase of cytochrome oxidase activity in PGC-1β morphants. Overall, our results indicate that in larval zebrafish, PGC-1α and PGC-1β both play a role in regulating expression of important mitochondrial genes potentially through ERRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Northam
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada
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10
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George J, Jacobs HT. Minimal effects of spargel (PGC-1) overexpression in a Drosophila mitochondrial disease model. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042135. [PMID: 31292108 PMCID: PMC6679408 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α and its homologues have been proposed to act as master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in animals. Most relevant studies have been conducted in mammals, where interpretation is complicated by the fact that there are three partially redundant members of the gene family. In Drosophila, only a single PGC-1 homologue, spargel (srl), is present in the genome. Here, we analyzed the effects of srl overexpression on phenotype and on gene expression in tko25t, a recessive bang-sensitive mutant with a global defect in oxidative phosphorylation, resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial protein synthesis. In contrast to previous reports, we found that substantial overexpression of srl throughout development had only minimal effects on the tko25t mutant phenotype. Copy number of mtDNA was unaltered and srl overexpression produced no systematic effects on a representative set of transcripts related to mitochondrial OXPHOS and other metabolic enzymes, although these were influenced by sex and genetic background. This study provides no support to the concept of Spargel as a global regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, at least in the context of the tko25t model. Summary: Overexpression of spargel, the fly PGC-1 homologue proposed as a mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, has minimal effects on the phenotype of tko25t, considered a fly model for mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack George
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
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11
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Gureev AP, Shaforostova EA, Popov VN. Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Way for Active Longevity: Interaction Between the Nrf2 and PGC-1α Signaling Pathways. Front Genet 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 31139208 PMCID: PMC6527603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a general degenerative process related to deterioration of cell functions in the entire organism. Mitochondria, which play a key role in energy homeostasis and metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), require lifetime control and constant renewal. This explains recently peaked interest in the processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. The principal event of mitochondrial metabolism is regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and translation, which is a complex coordinated process that involves at least two systems of transcription factors. It is commonly believed that its major regulatory proteins are PGC-1α and PGC-1β, which act as key factors connecting several regulator cascades involved in the control of mitochondrial metabolism. In recent years, the number of publications on the essential role of Nrf2/ARE signaling in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis has grown exponentially. Nrf2 is induced by various xenobiotics and oxidants that oxidize some Nrf2 negative regulators. Thus, ROS, in particular H2O2, were found to be strong Nrf2 activators. At present, there are two major concepts of mitochondrial biogenesis. Some authors suggest direct involvement of Nrf2 in the regulation of this process. Others believe that Nrf2 regulates expression of the antioxidant genes, while the major and only regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis is PGC-1α. Several studies have demonstrated the existence of the regulatory loop involving both PGC-1α and Nrf2. In this review, we summarized recent data on the Nrf2 role in mitochondrial biogenesis and its interaction with PGC-1α in the context of extending longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Shaforostova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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12
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Evangelakou Z, Manola M, Gumeni S, Trougakos IP. Nutrigenomics as a tool to study the impact of diet on aging and age-related diseases: the Drosophila approach. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:12. [PMID: 31073342 PMCID: PMC6498619 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon caused by the time-dependent loss of cellular homeodynamics and consequently of physiological organismal functions. This process is affected by both genetic and environmental (e.g., diet) factors, as well as by their constant interaction. Consistently, deregulation of nutrient sensing and signaling pathways is considered a hallmark of aging. Nutrigenomics is an emerging scientific discipline that studies changes induced by diet on the genome and thus it considers the intersection of three topics, namely health, diet, and genomics. Model organisms, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, have been successfully used for in vivo modeling of higher metazoans aging and for nutrigenomic studies. Drosophila is a well-studied organism with sophisticated genetics and a fully annotated sequenced genome, in which ~ 75% of human disease-related genes have functional orthologs. Also, flies have organs/tissues that perform the equivalent functions of most mammalian organs, while discrete clusters of cells maintain insect carbohydrate homeostasis in a way similar to pancreatic cells. Herein, we discuss the mechanistic connections between nutrition and aging in Drosophila, and how this model organism can be used to study the effect of different diets (including natural products and/or their derivatives) on higher metazoans longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Evangelakou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Manola
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
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13
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Staats S, Wagner AE, Lüersen K, Künstner A, Meyer T, Kahns AK, Derer S, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Busch H, Sina C, Ipharraguerre IR, Rimbach G. Dietary ursolic acid improves health span and life span in male Drosophila melanogaster. Biofactors 2019; 45:169-186. [PMID: 30496629 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The health and life span of Drosophila melanogaster are partly determined by intestinal barrier integrity, metabolic rate as well as stress response and the expression of longevity-associated genes, depending on genetic and dietary factors. Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid exhibiting potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiobesity activity and counteracting age-related deficits in muscle strength. In this study, UA was dietarily administered to w1118 D. melanogaster which significantly elongated the health and life span of males. Spargel (srl) is the Drosophila orthologue of mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α(PGC1α), an important regulator of energy homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Our results indicate that the health-promoting effect of UA, demonstrated by a significant increase in climbing activity, occurs via an upregulation of srl expression leading to a metabolic shift in the fly without reducing fecundity or gut integrity. Moreover, UA affected the flies' microbiota in a manner that contributed to life span extension. Srl expression and microbiota both seem to be affected by UA, as we determined by using srl-mutant and axenic flies. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):169-186, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Group for Medical Systems Biology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Meyer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna K Kahns
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Group for Medical Systems Biology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Wei P, Guo J, Xue W, Zhao Y, Yang J, Wang J. RNF34 modulates the mitochondrial biogenesis and exercise capacity in muscle and lipid metabolism through ubiquitination of PGC-1 in Drosophila. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1038-1046. [PMID: 30247505 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and muscle fiber specification in the skeletal muscle. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF34 ubiquitinates PGC-1α and negatively regulates mammalian brown fat cell metabolism. However, the functional importance of RNF34 in the skeletal muscle and its impact on energy metabolism remain unknown. The Drosophila PGC-1 homolog dPGC-1 and its mammalian counterparts have conserved functions in mitochondria and insulin signaling. Here, we showed that the Drosophila RNF34 (dRNF34) ubiquitinates the Drosophila PGC-1α (dPGC-1) and promotes its degradation in HEK293T cells by immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. This allows us to use Drosophila as a powerful model system to study the physiological role of RNF34 in mitochondrial function and metabolism. In the in vivo studies, by separately expressing two independent UAS-dRNF34 RNAi transgenes driven by the muscle-specific 24B-Gal4 driver, we found that knockdown of dRNF34 specifically in muscle promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, improves negative geotaxis, extends climbing time to exhaustion in moderate aged flies and counteracts high-fat-diet-induced high triglyceride content. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown of dPGC-1 reversed the effects of the dRNF34 knockdown phenotypes described above. Our results reveal that dRNF34 plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle and lipid metabolism through dPGC-1. Thus, inhibition of RNF34 activity provides a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age-related muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihui Guo
- Institute of Cancer Biology & Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Institute of Cancer Biology & Drug Screening, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiwu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Staats S, Lüersen K, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3737-3753. [PMID: 29619822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60-80 days, which makes it attractive for life span studies. Moreover, approximately 60% of the fruit fly genes are orthologs to mammals. Thus, metabolic and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Maintenance and reproduction of Drosophila do not require sophisticated equipment and are rather cheap. Furthermore, there are fewer ethical issues involved in experimental Drosophila research compared with studies in laboratory rodents, such as rats and mice. Drosophila is increasingly recognized as a model organism in food and nutrition research. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. Feed intake, body composition, locomotor activity, intestinal barrier function, microbiota, cognition, fertility, aging, and life span can be systematically determined in Drosophila in response to dietary factors. Furthermore, diet-induced pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and stress responses may be evaluated in the fly under defined experimental conditions. Here, we critically evaluate Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism in experimental food and nutrition research, review the corresponding data in the literature, and make suggestions for future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine , University of Lübeck , Ratzeburger Allee 160 , D-23538 Lübeck , Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
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16
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Bednářová A, Hanna ME, Rakshit K, O'Donnell JM, Krishnan N. Disruption of dopamine homeostasis has sexually dimorphic effects on senescence characteristics of Drosophila melanogaster. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:816-825. [PMID: 28112452 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is known to be involved in a multitude of physiological processes. We investigated sexually dimorphic effects of disruptions in DA homeostasis and its relationship to senescence using three different Drosophila melanogaster mutants namely Catsup (Catsup26 ) with elevated DA levels, and pale (ple2 ), Punch (PuZ22 ) with depleted DA levels. In all genotypes including controls, DA levels were significantly lower in old (45-50-day-old) flies compared with young (3-5-day-old) in both sexes. Interestingly, females had lower DA content than males at young age whereas this difference was not observed in old age, suggesting that males had a larger decline in DA levels with age. Females, in general, were longer lived compared with males in all genotypes except ple2 mutants with depleted DA levels. This phenotype was abolished in the ple2 rescue flies. Interestingly, females also demonstrated marked age-related decline in circadian locomotor activity compared with males. Old Catsup26 males with elevated DA levels accumulated significantly lower levels of lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal (4-HNE) compared with age-matched wild type, ple2 and PuZ22 mutant males. In Catsup26 revertant lines this phenomenon was absent. We also observed a sexually dimorphic response in the expression levels of key stress and aging associated and/or related transcription factor genes across genotypes with elevated or depleted DA levels which was reverted to wild type levels in specific rescue lines. Taken together, our results reveal a novel sexually dimorphic involvement of DA in senescence characteristics of D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bednářová
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marley E Hanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janis M O'Donnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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17
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Seim I, Ma S, Zhou X, Gerashchenko MV, Lee SG, Suydam R, George JC, Bickham JW, Gladyshev VN. The transcriptome of the bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus reveals adaptations of the longest-lived mammal. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:879-99. [PMID: 25411232 PMCID: PMC4247388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammals vary dramatically in lifespan, by at least two-orders of magnitude, but the molecular basis for this difference remains largely unknown. The bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus is the longest-lived mammal known, with an estimated maximal lifespan in excess of two hundred years. It is also one of the two largest animals and the most cold-adapted baleen whale species. Here, we report the first genome-wide gene expression analyses of the bowhead whale, based on the de novo assembly of its transcriptome. Bowhead whale or cetacean-specific changes in gene expression were identified in the liver, kidney and heart, and complemented with analyses of positively selected genes. Changes associated with altered insulin signaling and other gene expression patterns could help explain the remarkable longevity of bowhead whales as well as their adaptation to a lipid-rich diet. The data also reveal parallels in candidate longevity adaptations of the bowhead whale, naked mole rat and Brandt's bat. The bowhead whale transcriptome is a valuable resource for the study of this remarkable animal, including the evolution of longevity and its important correlates such as resistance to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Seim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxim V Gerashchenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Suydam
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | - John C George
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Vascular biology of ageing-Implications in hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:112-21. [PMID: 25896391 PMCID: PMC4534766 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with functional, structural and mechanical changes in arteries that closely resemble the vascular alterations in hypertension. Characteristic features of large and small arteries that occur with ageing and during the development of hypertension include endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling, inflammation, calcification and increased stiffness. Arterial changes in young hypertensive patients mimic those in old normotensive individuals. Hypertension accelerates and augments age-related vascular remodelling and dysfunction, and ageing may impact on the severity of vascular damage in hypertension, indicating close interactions between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying vascular alterations in ageing and hypertension are common and include aberrant signal transduction, oxidative stress and activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic transcription factors. Strategies to suppress age-associated vascular changes could ameliorate vascular damage associated with hypertension. An overview on the vascular biology of ageing and hypertension is presented and novel molecular mechanisms contributing to these processes are discussed. The complex interaction between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation on the vasculature is highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: CV Ageing.
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