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Zhang M, Zheng C, Li J, Wang X, Liu C, Li X, Xu Z, Du K. Genetic diversity, population structure, and DNA fingerprinting of Ailanthus altissima var. erythrocarpa based on EST-SSR markers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19315. [PMID: 37935877 PMCID: PMC10630516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima var. erythrocarpa is an A. altissima variety with high economic, ecological and ornamental value, but there have been no reports on the development of SSR primers for it. According to the SSR primer information provided by the transcriptome of A. altissima var. erythrocarpa, 120 individuals with different redness levels were used to screen polymorphic primers. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 10,681 SSR loci, of which mononucleotide repeats were dominant (58.3%), followed by dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats (16.6%, 15.1%) and pentanucleotide repeats (0.2%). Among 140 pairs of randomly selected primers, nineteen pairs of core primers with high polymorphism were obtained. The average number of alleles (Na), average number of effective alleles (Ne), average Shannon's diversity index (I), average observed heterozygosity (Ho), average expected heterozygosity (He), fixation index (F) and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 11.623, 4.098, 1.626, 0.516, 0.696, 0.232 and 0.671, respectively. Nineteen EST-SSR markers were used to study the genetic diversity and population structure of A. altissima var. erythrocarpa. The phylogenetic tree, PCoA, and structure analysis all divided the tested resources into two categories, clearly showing the genetic variation between individuals. The population showed high genetic diversity, mainly derived from intraspecific variation. Among nineteen pairs of primers, 4 pairs (p33, p15, p46, p92) could effectively distinguish and be used for fingerprinting of the tested materials. This study is of great significance for genetic diversity analysis and molecular-assisted breeding of A. altissima var. erythrocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhang
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Variety, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
| | - Conghui Zheng
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Variety, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
| | - Jida Li
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Variety, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
| | - Chunpeng Liu
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Variety, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Variety, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Variety, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China.
| | - Kejiu Du
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
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Wu KC, Huang CM, Verma KK, Deng ZN, Huang HR, Pang T, Cao HQ, Luo HB, Jiang SL, Xu L. Transcriptomic responses of Saccharum spontaneum roots in response to polyethylene glycol - 6000 stimulated drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992755. [PMID: 36352884 PMCID: PMC9638123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the abiotic factor that adversely affects plant growth, development survival, and crop productivity, posing a substantial threat to sustainable agriculture worldwide, especially in warm and dry areas. However, the extent of damage depends upon the crop growth stage, severity and frequency of the stress. In general, the reproductive growth phase is more sensitive to stresses causing a substantial loss in crop productivity. Saccharum spontaneum (L.) is the most variable wild relative of sugarcane with potential for use in sugarcane crop improvement programs. In the present study addresses the transcriptomic analysis of drought stress imposed by polyethylene glycol-6000 (PED-6000; w/v- 25%) on the root tip tissues of S. spontaneum GX83-10. The analysis of microarrays of drought-stressed roots was performed at 0 (CK), 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 8 (T8) and 24 h (T24). The analyzed data were compared with the gene function annotations of four major databases, such as Nr, KOG/COG, Swiss-Prot, and KEGG, and a total of 62,988 single-gene information was obtained. The differently expressed genes of 56237 (T4), 59319 (T8), and 58583 (T24), among which CK obtained the most significant number of expressed genes (35920) as compared to T24, with a total of 53683 trend genes. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis were performed on the 6 important trends, and a total of 598 significant GO IDs and 42 significantly enriched metabolic pathways. Furthermore, these findings also aid in the selection of novel genes and promoters that can be used to potentially produce crop plants with enhanced stress resistance efficiency for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chao Wu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng-Mei Huang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Nian Deng
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Rong Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Pang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Hui-Qing Cao
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng-Li Jiang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Area, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
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Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Combined with RNA-Seq to Analyze Genes Related to Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Cinnamomum burmannii. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4197-4215. [PMID: 36135200 PMCID: PMC9497596 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum burmannii is a cinnamomum plant rich in natural D-borneol. Natural D-borneol is a bicycle monoterpenoid compound widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Therefore, analyzing the biosynthesis mechanism of natural D-borneol in C. burmannii at the molecular level is helpful for directional breeding in the future and further development and utilization of C. burmannii and its related gene resources. In our study, 76 genes related to terpene metabolism were analyzed through third-generation sequencing and second-generation sequencing. Of these genes, 57 were associated with the synthesis of the terpenoid skeleton, and 19 belonged to terpenoid synthase, including four monoterpenoid synthases, seven sesquiterpenoid synthases, and eight diterpenoid synthases. Two genes in diterpenoid synthase were differentially expressed in high D-borneol and low D-borneol plants. It was speculated that these two genes might be related to D-borneol synthesis. How these two genes participate in the synthesis of D-borneol needs further study.
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Zeng L, Jin S, Xu YQ, Granato D, Fu YQ, Sun WJ, Yin JF, Xu YQ. Exogenous stimulation-induced biosynthesis of volatile compounds: Aroma formation of oolong tea at postharvest stage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:76-86. [PMID: 35900156 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by plants responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. According to their biosynthetic sources, induced VOCs are divided into three major classes: terpenoids, phenylpropanoid/benzenoid, and fatty acid derivatives. These compounds with specific aroma characteristics importantly contribute to the aroma quality of oolong tea. Shaking and rocking is the crucial procedure for the aroma formation of oolong tea by exerting mechanical damage to fresh tea leaves. Abundant studies have been carried out to investigate the formation mechanisms of VOCs during oolong tea processing in recent years. This review systematically introduces the biosynthesis of VOCs in plants, and the volatile changes due to biotic and abiotic stresses are summarized and expatiated, using oolong tea as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tea Industry, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yan-Qing Fu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tea Industry, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tea Industry, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tea Industry, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
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Ma Q, Ma R, Su P, Jin B, Guo J, Tang J, Chen T, Zeng W, Lai C, Ling F, Yao Y, Cui G, Huang L. Elucidation of the essential oil biosynthetic pathways in Cinnamomum burmannii through identification of six terpene synthases. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111203. [PMID: 35193750 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum burmannii is a traditional plant that has long been used as a spice, food preservative, and food flavoring. Essential oils in C. burmannii, which mainly consist of mono- and sesquiterpenes such borneol, linalool, and caryophyllene, have impressive pharmaceutical properties. Although the transcriptome-based discovery of (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase (CbTPS1) from C. burmannii was reported in our previous study, the remaining terpene synthases (TPSs) corresponding to various terpene biosynthesis pathways remain unidentified. In this study, we report the results of RNA-sequencing of a borneol type plant and functional characterization of six additional full-length candidate TPS genes (named CbTPS2-7). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CbTPS2 and CbTPS3 together with the previously identified CbTPS1 protein belong to the TPS-b subfamily, and enzyme assays using geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as substrates revealed that CbTPS1, CbTPS2 and CbTPS3 catalyze the formation of monoterpenes. CbTPS4, CbTPS5, and CbTPS6, which belong to the TPS-a clade, generated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. CbTPS7, which belongs to the TPS-g clade, showed linalool/nerolidol synthase activity. These CbTPSs identified in C. burmannii produced a total of 10 monoterpenes and 14 sesquiterpenes in an in vitro assay. These findings clarify the biosynthesis pathways of 13 monoterpenoids and 12 sesquiterpenoids in the leaf essential oil of C. burmannii and shed light on terpene biosynthesis in Cinnamomum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fengqing Ling
- Huaqingyuan Biotech (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Meizhou, 514700, China.
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Huaqingyuan Biotech (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Meizhou, 514700, China.
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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6
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Genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of Cinnamomum chago, a plant species with extremely small populations in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Selvaraj K, Katare DP, Chand S, Chaudhary N. Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum verum as nutraceuticals: Spices rich in therapeutically significant protein tyrosine phosphatases. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13750. [PMID: 33954990 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals need special attention as preventive molecules to create a natural barrier against various dreadful diseases like cancer and to regulate metabolism. In the present study, two spices, Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum verum, been identified as excellent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPases) sources that play significant role in the regulation of cell signal transduction and developmental processes in plants as well as animals, being lucrative and potential targets for pharmacological modulation. PTPases from both cases were partially purified into 0%-40% and 40%-80% fractions based on ammonium sulfate saturation levels. Fraction (40%-80%) exhibited a purification level of 4.44-fold and 2.86-fold with specific activity of 44.06 and 23.33 U/mg for PTPases from T. ammi and C. verum, respectively. PTPases being found to be thermally stable up to 70°C imply their industrial significance. Kinetic studies showed Km values to be 7.14 and 8.33 mM, whereas the activation energy (Ea ) values were 25.89 and 29.13 kJ/mol, respectively. Divalent cations: Cu2+ , Zn2+ , and Mn2+ acted as inhibitors of PTPases, from both sources. The Ki values of inhibitors varied from 0.014-0.125 mM in the descending order Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Mn2+ and Mn2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ for PTPases from T. ammi and C. verum, respectively. The inhibitory effect of sodium metavanadate aligns with prominent PTPase characteristics. In addition to these properties, the thermostability of PTPases from two spices enhances their significance in industries with therapeutically vital products. Although the source of PTPases is culinary spices, further studies are required to establish the utilization of PTPases as nutraceuticals and in therapeutic formulations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: For a healthy lifestyle, awareness needs to be created by humankind towards food habits to minimize illnesses. Numerous studies have explored the consumption of nutraceutical products acts as a natural barrier and immune booster for various human ailments including SARS-COV-2. PTPases play important roles in regulating intracellular signaling and, ultimately, biological function along with their structural features. The importance of PTPases and their inhibitors has been implicated in various diseases like cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Further investigations need to be undertaken to explore the therapeutic properties of PTPases in both in vivo and in vitro for their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagarethinam Selvaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Deepshikha Pande Katare
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Subhash Chand
- Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhee Chaudhary
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Sidharthan VK, Kalaivanan NS, Baranwal VK. Discovery of putative novel viruses in the transcriptomes of endangered plant species native to India and China. Gene 2021; 786:145626. [PMID: 33798682 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are abundant entities that infect almost every living organism. In recent years, Next Generation Sequencing coupled with bioinformatic analyses is widely adopted for identification of known and unknown viruses in a plant sample. In the present study, nine putative novel viruses were discovered from public domain transcriptome datasets of five endangered plant species by de novo assembly of reads using CLC and SPAdes followed by BLAST analysis. Of the identified viruses, ten coding-complete and five partial genomic segments were recovered. Based on phylogeny and BLAST analysis, the identified viruses were putatively assigned to various plant viral genera except dactylorhiza hatagirea benylike virus that probably represents a new group of plant virus. The methodology followed can be adopted for the discovery of novel viruses in plant species with little genomic information. Viral genome sequences recovered in the study will serve as a valuable resource for further characterization of identified viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kavi Sidharthan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - N S Kalaivanan
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India
| | - V K Baranwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Transcriptome sequencing and microsatellite marker discovery in Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2007-2023. [PMID: 33730287 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima Swingle, is a tree species native to East Asia and has a great potential in decorative, bioenergy and industrial applications in many countries. To date, despite its commercial importance, the genomic and genetic resources available for this species are still insufficient. In this study, we characterized the transcriptome of A. altissima and developed thirteen EST-SSRs (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats) based on Illumina paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Besides, we developed ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers using the available chloroplast genome of A. altissima. The transcriptome data produced 87,797 unigenes, of which 64,891 (73.91%) unigenes were successfully annotated in at least one protein database. For cpSSR markers the number of detected alleles (N) per marker varied from three at cpSSR12 to twelve at cpSSR8, the unbiased haploid diversity indices (uh) varied from 0.111 to 0.485, and haploid diversity indices (h) ranged from 0.101 to 0.444 with an average unbiased haploid diversity index (uh) of 0.274. Overall, a total of 65 different cpSSR alleles were identified at the ten loci among 165 individuals of A. altissima. The allele number per locus for EST-SSRs varied from 2.143 to 9.357, and the values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.312 to 1.000 and 0.505 to 0.826, respectively. The molecular markers developed in this study will facilitate future genetic diversity, population structure, long distance-gene transfer and pollen-based gene flow analyses of A. altissima populations from its known distribution ranges in China focusing on planted and natural forest stands.
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Li C, Wang Z, Nong Q, Lin L, Xie J, Mo Z, Huang X, Song X, Malviya MK, Solanki MK, Li Y. Physiological changes and transcriptome profiling in Saccharum spontaneum L. leaf under water stress and re-watering conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5525. [PMID: 33750876 PMCID: PMC7943799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the polyploidy progenitor of modern sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum is considered to be a valuable resistance source to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little has been reported on the mechanism of drought tolerance in S. spontaneum. Herein, the physiological changes of S. spontaneum GXS87-16 at three water-deficit levels (mild, moderate, and severe) and after re-watering during the elongation stage were investigated. RNA sequencing was utilized for global transcriptome profiling of GXS87-16 under severe drought and re-watered conditions. There were significant alterations in the physiological parameters of GXS87-16 in response to drought stress and then recovered differently after re-watering. A total of 1569 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with water stress and re-watering were identified. Notably, the majority of the DEGs were induced by stress. GO functional annotations and KEGG pathway analysis assigned the DEGs to 47 GO categories and 93 pathway categories. The pathway categories were involved in various processes, such as RNA transport, mRNA surveillance, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. The reliability of the RNA-seq results was confirmed by qRT-PCR. This study shed light on the regulatory processes of drought tolerance in S. spontaneum and identifies useful genes for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Qian Nong
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jinlan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhanghong Mo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xiupeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Institute for Post-Harvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yangrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, China.
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Investigating the status of Cinnamomum chago (Lauraceae), a plant species with an extremely small population endemic to Yunnan, China. ORYX 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605318001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCinnamomum chago is a woody species of the family Lauraceae endemic to Yunnan province, China, previously known from only one location, and categorized as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Population. We surveyed to determine the distribution and population size of C. chago, characterize its habitat, identify any threats, assess its conservation status, and provide guidelines for its management and conservation. During 2014–2017 we found only 64 mature C. chago, in five locations. These small, fragmented populations occur along Lancang River in Dali Prefecture at altitudes of 2,200–2,400 m. The species' extent of occurrence is c. 923 km2, with an area of occupancy of c. 60 km2. The habitat of the species has been degraded by expansion of pastoral activities and deforestation. We recommend categorization of C. chago as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, prevention of the collection of seeds and wood of the species, protection and monitoring, and ex situ propagation for future reintroductions.
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