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An X, Yang J, Cui X, Zhao J, Jiang C, Tang M, Dong Y, Lin L, Li H, Wang F. Advances in local drug delivery technologies for improved rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115325. [PMID: 38670229 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment and cartilage erosion within the joint cavity. Currently, antirheumatic agents yield significant outcomes in RA treatment. However, their systemic administration is limited by inadequate drug retention in lesion areas and non-specific tissue distribution, reducing efficacy and increasing risks such as infection due to systemic immunosuppression. Development in local drug delivery technologies, such as nanostructure-based and scaffold-assisted delivery platforms, facilitate enhanced drug accumulation at the target site, controlled drug release, extended duration of the drug action, reduced both dosage and administration frequency, and ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes with minimized damage to healthy tissues. In this review, we introduced pathogenesis and clinically used therapeutic agents for RA, comprehensively summarized locally administered nanostructure-based and scaffold-assisted drug delivery systems, aiming at improving the therapeutic efficiency of RA by alleviating the inflammatory response, preventing bone erosion and promoting cartilage regeneration. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of local delivery for clinical translation in RA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran An
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiapei Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Minglu Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yabing Dong
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330000, PR China
| | - Feihu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Parab A, Bhatt LK. T-cell metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:378-384. [PMID: 38478010 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by immune cell dysregulation, synovial hyperplasia, and progressive cartilage destruction. The loss of immunological self-tolerance against autoantigens is the crucial insult responsible for the pathogenesis of RA. These immune abnormalities are experienced many years before the onset of clinical arthritis. OBJECTIVE This review aims to discuss the metabolic status of T-cells in RA and focuses mainly on mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions involved in altering the T-cell metabolism. DISCUSSION T-cells are identified as the primary initiators of immunological abnormalities in RA. These RA T-cells show a distinct metabolic pattern compared to the healthy individuals. Dampened glycolytic flux, poor ATP production, and shifting of glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway resulting in increased NADPH and decreased ROS levels are the common metabolic patterns observed in RA T-cells. Defective mtDNA due to lack of MRE11A gene, a key molecular actor for resection, and inefficient lysosomal function due to misplacement of AMPK on the lysosomal surface were found to be responsible for mitochondrial and lysosome dysfunction in RA. Targeting this mechanism in RA can alleviate aggressive T-cell phenotype and may control the severity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Parab
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Vasilev G, Vasileva V, Ivanova M, Stanilova S, Manolova I, Miteva L. An Elevated IL10 mRNA Combined with Lower TNFA mRNA Level in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Peripheral Blood. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2644-2657. [PMID: 38534783 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes TNFA, IL6, IL12B, IL23, IL18 and immunoregulatory genes FOXP3, TGFB1, and IL10 in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level. The total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to perform TaqMan-based assays to quantify mRNAs from 8 target genes. IL23A was upregulated (1.7-fold), whereas IL6 (5-fold), FOXP3 (4-fold), and IL12B (2.56-fold) were downregulated in patients compared to controls. In addition, we found a strong positive correlation between the expression of FOXP3 and TNFA and a moderate correlation between FOXP3 and TGFB1. These data showed the imbalance of the T helper (Th) 1/Th17/ T regulatory (Treg) axis at a systemic level in RA. In cases with active disease, the IL10 gene expression was approximately 2-fold higher; in contrast, the expression of FOXP3 was significantly decreased (3.38-fold). The main part of patients with higher disease activity expressed upregulation of IL10 and downregulation of TNFA. Different disease activity cohorts could be separated based on IL10, TNFA and IL12B expression combinations. In conclusion, our results showed that active disease is associated with an elevated IL10 and lower TNFA mRNA level in peripheral blood cells of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Vasilev
- Laboratory of Hematopathology and Immunology, National Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Hematological Diseases, Plovdivsko Pole Str. No. 6, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Viktoria Vasileva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Armeiska Str. No. 11, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Clinical Laboratory, Trakia Hospital, Dunav Str. No. 1, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Ivanova
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Urvich Str. No. 13, 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Ivan Geshov Blvd. No. 15, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Armeiska Str. No. 11, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Irena Manolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Armeiska Str. No. 11, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Lyuba Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Armeiska Str. No. 11, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Rufino AT, Freitas M, Proença C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Fernandes E, Ribeiro D. Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid-based therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:497-538. [PMID: 37602483 DOI: 10.1002/med.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Açores, Portugal
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Harnett W, Harnett MM. Epigenetic changes induced by parasitic worms and their excretory-secretory products. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:55-63. [PMID: 38334208 PMCID: PMC10903456 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic worms are pathogens of major medical and veterinary importance. They have evolved highly effective and sophisticated strategies of immune system manipulation, typically involving actively excreted/secreted (E-S) products. These molecules dampen and regulate the host immune responses that would otherwise result in parasite expulsion, thereby enabling the worms to survive in the host for many years, and they can also help prevent the potentially serious tissue damage that the worms can induce. Reflecting these E-S product-associated anti-inflammatory activities, there is also increasing evidence that parasitic worms and their products may serendipitously protect against allergic and autoimmune conditions and in addition, comorbidities of ageing that are associated with inflammatory responses, like type 2 diabetes and obesity. Research in this area has to date generally focused on identifying the cellular and effector targets of immunomodulation induced by the worm E-S products. However, increasing evidence that they can induce stably imprinted phenotypes of haematopoietic and stromal cells which promote their long-lasting survival has recently ignited interest in the ability of the molecules to epigenetically rewire cells to 'resolve and repair' phenotypes. Here, we review and discuss these new data in the context of their potential for exploitation in identifying novel gene signatures for the development of advanced and safe therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
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Lv X, Wang X, Wang X, Han Y, Chen H, Hao Y, Zhang H, Cui C, Gao Q, Zheng Z. Research progress in arthritis treatment with the active components of Herba siegesbeckiae. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115939. [PMID: 38007937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a group of diseases characterized by joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis are the most common types of arthritis. Arthritis severely affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a heavy financial and medical burden on their families and society at large. As a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, Herba siegesbeckiae has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-ischemic injury, cardiovascular protection, and hypoglycemic. In addition, it has significant therapeutic effects on arthritis. The rich chemical compositions of H. siegesbeckiae primarily include diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and flavonoids. As one of the main active components of H. siegesbeckiae, kirenol and quercetin play a vital role in reducing arthritis symptoms. In the present study, the research progress in arthritis treatment with the active components of H. siegesbeckiae is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lv
- Binzhou Medical University, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Yunna Han
- Binzhou Medical University, 264003 Yantai, China
| | - Haoyue Chen
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China
| | - Yuwen Hao
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China
| | - Chao Cui
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China.
| | - Zuncheng Zheng
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China.
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Hao F, Tao L, Liu J, Ma Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Yan W, Wang B, Wang X, Chen X, Ma Y, Fan H, Zhao X, Wang Z, Bai C. Cynanchum komarovii extract for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by acting on synovial cells in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116825. [PMID: 37348792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynanchum komarovii (CK), the northwest Chinese region's common medicinal herb, was traditionally utilized to treat arthritis, toothache, bald sores and cholecystitis. Various forms of arthritis can be treated with CK, based on "Medicinal Plants of Chinese Desert Areas". However, the exact mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is uncertain. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of CK extracts on RA and to preliminarily investigate its anti-RA mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main components of CK extract were analyzed by HPLC method. The effects of CK on the proliferation and apoptosis of human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS-RA) cells and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in HFLS-RA cells were evaluated by CCK8 assay, flow cytometry and WB assay. To verify the anti-RA effect of CK extracts in vivo, a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established. The rats were divided into six groups: normal group, model group, CK high-dose group (1000 mg/kg, CK-H), CK medium-dose group (500 mg/kg, CK-M), CK low-dose group (250 mg/kg, CK-L) and methotrexate-positive drug group (MTX); the drug was administered continuously for 28 days. Body weight changes, joint swelling, arthritis index, bone density, ankle lesions, immune organ index, splenic lesions and inflammatory factor expression were used to evaluate the in vivo anti-RA activity of the extract. RESULTS The findings of in vitro experiments showed that 10% CK-containing serum decreased the expression level of Bcl-2, increased the expression levels of Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3 in synovial cells, and prevented TNF-α induced aberrant proliferation and apoptotic antagonism in HFLS-RA cells. According to in vivo studies, CK extract at doses above 250 mg/kg was effective in controlling the levels of inflammatory factors, lowering the arthritis index, and improving foot swelling in CIA rats. When administered at doses up to 1000 mg/kg, CK extract significantly improved synovial lesions, increased bone density, and decreased abnormally elevated immune organ index in CIA rats. CONCLUSIONS CK has significant anti-RA activity, and its anti-RA mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the expression levels of apoptosis related proteins and the promotion of apoptosis in synovial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Li Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xingyi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hongli Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Changcai Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Gravand A, Alesaeidi S, Khoshbakht S, Saghaei M, Kenarangi T, Mosallaei M, Soosanabadi M. Demethylation of CDKN2A in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a blood biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of disease activity. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3387-3395. [PMID: 37597101 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Considering the phenotypic and serological heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), significant challenges may intervene with the precise diagnosis. In this regard, numerous studies have shown that changes in DNA methylation levels can be used to distinguish between healthy individuals and those with SLE and RA, as well as to predict disease activity and prognosis. METHODS In the current study, we evaluated quantitative methylation level of CDKN2A promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE and RA patients, and healthy controls by methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD), a bisulfite conversion-independent method. RESULTS Our findings revealed an excessive hypomethylation of CDKN2A in SLE and RA patients compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Besides, by determining efficient cutoff value, the specificity of CDKN2A for correct diagnosis of healthy subjects was measured to be 77.30% and the sensitivity for SLE and RA diagnosis were 81.33%, and 72%, respectively. Furthermore, CDKN2A methylation level was shown to be positively associated with C3 and C4 levels and negatively associated with anti‑dsDNA concentration (P < 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference in the DNA methylation levels of CDKN2A promoter was identified between SLE cases with age of ≤ 18 and patients with > 18 years of age (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that CDKN2A methylation levels in PBMCs of SLE and RA patients could be used as a promising diagnostic biomarker. The significant association between hypomethylation of CDKN2A promoter and disease activity factors in SLE patients, is suggesting that CDKN2A hypomethylation could be used as an alternative biomarker for assessment of disease activity. Key Points • Several studies have reported increased expression of CDKN2A in SLE and RA suggesting that it may be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. • CDKN2A hypomethylation has been implicated in different autoimmune diseases. • Our findings demonstrated that CDKN2A methylation levels in PBMCs of SLE and RA patients could be used as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Gravand
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Alesaeidi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrouz Khoshbakht
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Saghaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Taiebe Kenarangi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Statistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soosanabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Venetsanopoulou AI, Alamanos Y, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis Development. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2023; 34:404-413. [PMID: 38282942 PMCID: PMC10815538 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.301223.eaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory arthritis worldwide, significantly impacting patients and population health. The disease affects women primarily, with a female-to-male ratio of three to one. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including genetic and environmental risk factors. Epidemiological studies highlight the link between the environment and genetic susceptibility to RA. The so-called shared epitope is the most significant risk factor that seems to act synergetic with other environmental factors in the disease occurrence. In addition, recent findings suggest a potential role of new substantial environmental factors, such as the observed pollution of the planet's natural resources, on the susceptibility and progression of the disease. This review summarises the most decisive evidence on epidemiology and genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors for RA. It shows that studying genetic and environmental factors in correlation could lead to prevention strategies that may impact the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki I. Venetsanopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis Alamanos
- Institute of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Corfu, Greece
| | - Paraskevi V. Voulgari
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros A. Drosos
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Nag S, Mitra O, Tripathi G, Samanta S, Bhattacharya B, Chandane P, Mohanto S, Sundararajan V, Malik S, Rustagi S, Adhikari S, Mohanty A, León‐Figueroa DA, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Barboza JJ, Sah R. Exploring the theranostic potentials of miRNA and epigenetic networks in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1121. [PMID: 38156400 PMCID: PMC10755504 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases (AD) are severe pathophysiological ailments that are stimulated by an exaggerated immunogenic response towards self-antigens, which can cause systemic or site-specific organ damage. An array of complex genetic and epigenetic facets majorly contributes to the progression of AD, thus providing significant insight into the regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miRNA). miRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that have been identified as essential contributors to the post-transcriptional regulation of host genome expression and as crucial regulators of a myriad of biological processes such as immune homeostasis, T helper cell differentiation, central and peripheral tolerance, and immune cell development. AIMS This article tends to deliberate and conceptualize the brief pathogenesis and pertinent epigenetic regulatory mechanism as well as miRNA networks majorly affecting five different ADs namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) thereby providing novel miRNA-based theranostic interventions. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Pertaining to the differential expression of miRNA attributed in target tissues and cellular bodies of innate and adaptive immunity, a paradigm of scientific expeditions suggests an optimistic correlation between immunogenic dysfunction and miRNA alterations. CONCLUSION Therefore, it is not astonishing that dysregulations in miRNA expression patterns are now recognized in a wide spectrum of disorders, establishing themselves as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Owing to its theranostic potencies, miRNA targets have been widely utilized in the development of biosensors and other therapeutic molecules originating from the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Oishi Mitra
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Souvik Samanta
- Department of Bio‐SciencesSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Bikramjit Bhattacharya
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
- Department of Applied MicrobiologyVellore Institute of Technology (VIT)Tamil NaduIndia
| | - Priti Chandane
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of HyderabadHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of PharmaceuticsYenepoya Pharmacy College & Research CentreYenepoya (Deemed to be University)MangaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Integrative Multiomics LabSchool of Bio‐Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of BiotechnologyAmity University JharkhandRanchiJharkhandIndia
- University Centre for Research and DevelopmentUniversity of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, GharuanMohaliPunjab
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunUttarakhandIndia
| | | | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesGorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia
| | | | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of MedicineUniversidad Científica del SurLimaPeru
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury School of MedicineLebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyInstitute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyDr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneIndia
- Department of Public Health DentistryDr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneMaharashtraIndia
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11
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Di Matteo A, Bathon JM, Emery P. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 2023; 402:2019-2033. [PMID: 38240831 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease that mainly affects the joints and periarticular soft tissues. In this Seminar, we provide an overview of the main aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology and advances in the understanding of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis will be reviewed. We will discuss the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, classification criteria, and the value of imaging in the diagnosis of the disease. The advent of new medications and the accumulated scientific evidence demand continuous updating regarding the diagnosis and management, including therapy, of rheumatoid arthritis. An increasing number of patients are now able to reach disease remission. This major improvement in the outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been determined by a combination of different factors (eg, early diagnosis, window of opportunity, treat-to-target strategy, advent of targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and combination therapy). We will discuss the updated recommendations of the two most influential societies for rheumatology worldwide (ie, the American College of Rheumatology and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, controversies (ie, the role of glucocorticoids in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and safety profile of Janus kinase inhibitors) and outstanding research questions, including precision medicine approach, prevention, and cure of rheumatoid arthritis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Matteo
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Carlo Urbani Hospital, Jesi, Ancona, Italy; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joan M Bathon
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Emery
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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12
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Rajan JR, McDonald S, Bjourson AJ, Zhang SD, Gibson DS. An AI Approach to Identifying Novel Therapeutics for Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1633. [PMID: 38138860 PMCID: PMC10744895 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that has a significant impact on quality of life and work capacity. Treatment of RA aims to control inflammation and alleviate pain; however, achieving remission with minimal toxicity is frequently not possible with the current suite of drugs. This review aims to summarise current treatment practices and highlight the urgent need for alternative pharmacogenomic approaches for novel drug discovery. These approaches can elucidate new relationships between drugs, genes, and diseases to identify additional effective and safe therapeutic options. This review discusses how computational approaches such as connectivity mapping offer the ability to repurpose FDA-approved drugs beyond their original treatment indication. This review also explores the concept of drug sensitisation to predict co-prescribed drugs with synergistic effects that produce enhanced anti-disease efficacy by involving multiple disease pathways. Challenges of this computational approach are discussed, including the availability of suitable high-quality datasets for comprehensive analysis and other data curation issues. The potential benefits include accelerated identification of novel drug combinations and the ability to trial and implement established treatments in a new index disease. This review underlines the huge opportunity to incorporate disease-related data and drug-related data to develop methods and algorithms that have strong potential to determine novel and effective treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jency R. Rajan
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (J.R.R.); (A.J.B.); (S.-D.Z.)
| | - Stephen McDonald
- Rheumatology Department, Altnagelvin Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
| | - Anthony J. Bjourson
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (J.R.R.); (A.J.B.); (S.-D.Z.)
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (J.R.R.); (A.J.B.); (S.-D.Z.)
| | - David S. Gibson
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (J.R.R.); (A.J.B.); (S.-D.Z.)
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13
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Danilkovich AV, Turobov VI, Palikov VA, Palikova YA, Shepelyakovskaya AO, Mikhaylov ES, Slashcheva GA, Shadrina TE, Shaykhutdinova ER, Rasskazova EA, Tukhovskaya EA, Khokhlova ON, Dyachenko IA, Ismailova AM, Zinchenko DV, Navolotskaya EV, Lipkin VM, Murashev AN, Udovichenko IP. C-Terminal Region of Caveolin-3 Contains a Stretch of Amino Acid Residues Capable of Diminishing Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis but Not Rheumatoid Arthritis Modeled in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2855. [PMID: 37893228 PMCID: PMC10603933 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A short synthetic peptide from the C-terminal part of the caveolin-3 structure was tested for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) treatment in rats. The structure-function similarity established between the novel synthetic peptide of pCav3 and the well-known immunomodulator immunocortin determined pCav3's ability to reduce EAE symptoms in Dark Agouti (DA) rats injected with pCav3 (500 µg/kg). pCav3 was found to interfere with the proliferation of lymphocytes extracted from the LNs of DA rats primed with homogenate injection, with IC50 = 0.42 μM (2.35 mcg/mL). pCav3 affected EAE in a very similar manner as immunocortin. The high degree of homology between the amino acid sequences of pCav3 and immunocortin corresponded well with the therapeutic activities of both peptides, as demonstrated on EAE. The latter peptide, possessing a homologous structure to pCav3, was also tested on EAE to explore whether there were structural restrictions between these peptides implied by the MHC-involved cell machinery. Consequently, immunocortin was further examined with a different autoimmune disease model, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), established in Sprague-Dawley rats. CIA was established using an intentionally different genetic platform than EAE. Based on the results, it was concluded that the effectiveness of pCav3 and immunocortin peptides in EAE rat model was almost identical, but differed in the rat model of rheumatoid arthritis; thus, efficacy may be sensitive to the MHC type of animals used to establish the autoimmune disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Danilkovich
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
- Fundamental Biotechnology Department, RosBioTech University at Pushchino, 3 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Valery I. Turobov
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Victor A. Palikov
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Yulia A. Palikova
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Anna O. Shepelyakovskaya
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Evgeniy S. Mikhaylov
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Tatiana E. Shadrina
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Elvira R. Shaykhutdinova
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Rasskazova
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Oksana N. Khokhlova
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Igor A. Dyachenko
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
- Fundamental Biotechnology Department, RosBioTech University at Pushchino, 3 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alina M. Ismailova
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Dmitry V. Zinchenko
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Elena V. Navolotskaya
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Valery M. Lipkin
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
- Fundamental Biotechnology Department, RosBioTech University at Pushchino, 3 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Igor. P. Udovichenko
- State Center for Sciences by Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (O.N.K.); (D.V.Z.)
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14
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Mei X, Blanchard J, Luellen C, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Fail-tests of DNA methylation clocks, and development of a noise barometer for measuring epigenetic pressure of aging and disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8552-8575. [PMID: 37702598 PMCID: PMC10522373 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that Elastic Net (EN) DNA methylation (DNAme) clocks have low accuracy of predictions for individuals of the same age and a low resolution between healthy and disease cohorts; caveats inherent in applying linear model to non-linear processes. We found that change in methylation of cytosines with age is, interestingly, not the determinant for their selection into the clocks. Moreover, an EN clock's selected cytosines change when non-clock cytosines are removed from the training data; as expected from optimization in a machine learning (ML) context, but inconsistently with the identification of health markers in a biological context. To address these limitations, we moved from predictions to measurement of biological age, focusing on the cytosines that on average remain invariable in their methylation through lifespan, postulated to be homeostatically vital. We established that dysregulation of such cytosines, measured as the sums of standard deviations of their methylation values, quantifies biological noise, which in our hypothesis is a biomarker of aging and disease. We term this approach a "noise barometer" - the pressure of aging and disease on an organism. These noise-detecting cytosines are particularly important as sums of SD on the entire 450K DNAme array data yield a random pattern through chronology. Testing how many cytosines of the 450K arrays become noisier with age, we found that the paradigm of DNAme noise as a biomarker of aging and disease remarkably manifests in ~1/4 of the total. In that large set even the cytosines that have on average constant methylation through age show increased SDs and can be used as noise detectors of the barometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Mei
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joshua Blanchard
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Connor Luellen
- Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael J. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irina M. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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15
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Gautam S, Kumar R, Kumar U, Kumar S, Luthra K, Dada R. Yoga maintains Th17/Treg cell homeostasis and reduces the rate of T cell aging in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14924. [PMID: 37696876 PMCID: PMC10495372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by a Th17/Treg cell imbalance. A pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu that promotes the continued proliferation of Th17 cells is related to the development of autoinflammation. In RA, T cells have several hallmarks of cellular aging, and they accumulate DNA damage, predisposing to the occurrence of mutations and epigenetic alterations. Since the onset, progression, and treatment response are influenced by a variety of external stressors and environmental factors, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of 8-week yoga practice on disease severity, T cell subsets, markers of T cell ageing and inflammation, epigenetic alterations and gene expression patterns in active RA patients on standard disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). A total of 64 participants with active RA were randomized into 2 groups, yoga group (n = 32) or non-yoga group (n = 32); that were assessed for disease severity, at baseline and after 8 week duration, for Disease Activity Score (DAS28-ESR), T cell subsets [Th17 (CD3+ CD4+ IL17+ RORγt+) cells and Treg (CD3+ CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Foxp3+) cells], markers of T cell aging [aged Th17 cells (CD3+ CD4+ IL17+ RORγt+ CD28-) and aged Treg cells (CD3+ CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Foxp3+ CD28-)], pro-inflammatory markers [IL-6, and IL-17], anti-inflammatory markers [TGF-β, and IL-10], epigenetic alterations [5-methyl cytosine, 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, and HDAC1] and gene expression patterns [RORγt, FoxP3, IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β, CXCL2, CXCR2, and JUN]. In yoga group, there was a significant improvement in DAS28-ESR scores at the end of 8-weeks of yoga program. The Th17 cells and aged T cell subsets showed a significant decline whereas Treg cell population showed a significant elevation in yoga group. There were significant improvements observed in epigenetic markers as well as inflammatory markers post 8-weeks of yoga practice. The yoga group showed downregulation of RORγt, IL-17, IL-6, CXCL2, CXCR2, and upregulation of FoxP3 and TGF-β transcripts. Yoga enables the maintenance of immune-homeostasis as evident by increased Treg cell population and reduced Th17 cell population. Yoga reduces the rate of immunological aging in T cells, as seen by the reduction in population of aged Th17 cells and aged Treg cells. Yoga positively modifies transcriptome and epigenome by normalization of various inflammatory markers, gene expression patterns and epigenetic alterations. Taken together, yoga reduces RA severity, and aids in immune-modulation and hence can be beneficial as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gautam
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Romsha Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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16
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Bellia F, Lanza V, Naletova I, Tomasello B, Ciaffaglione V, Greco V, Sciuto S, Amico P, Inturri R, Vaccaro S, Campagna T, Attanasio F, Tabbì G, Rizzarelli E. Copper(II) Complexes with Carnosine Conjugates of Hyaluronic Acids at Different Dipeptide Loading Percentages Behave as Multiple SOD Mimics and Stimulate Nrf2 Translocation and Antioxidant Response in In Vitro Inflammatory Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1632. [PMID: 37627627 PMCID: PMC10452038 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of copper(II) complexes with the formula [Cu2+Hy(x)Car%] varying the molecular weight (MW) of Hyaluronic acid (Hy, x = 200 or 700 kDa) conjugated with carnosine (Car) present at different loading were synthesized and characterized via different spectroscopic techniques. The metal complexes behaved as Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mimics and showed some of the most efficient reaction rate values produced using a synthetic and water-soluble copper(II)-based SOD mimic reported to date. The increase in the percentage of Car moieties parallels the enhancement of the I50 value determined via the indirect method of Fridovich. The presence of the non-functionalized Hy OH groups favors the scavenger activity of the copper(II) complexes with HyCar, recalling similar behavior previously found for the copper(II) complexes with Car conjugated using β-cyclodextrin or trehalose. In keeping with the new abilities of SOD1 to activate protective agents against oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis diseases, Cu2+ interaction with HyCar promotes the nuclear translocation of erythroid 2-related factor that regulates the expressions of target genes, including Heme-Oxigenase-1, thus stimulating an antioxidant response in osteoblasts subjected to an inflammatory/oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Irina Naletova
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Valeria Ciaffaglione
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Pietro Amico
- Fidia Farmaceutici SpA, Contrada Pizzuta, 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (R.I.); (S.V.)
| | - Rosanna Inturri
- Fidia Farmaceutici SpA, Contrada Pizzuta, 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (R.I.); (S.V.)
| | - Susanna Vaccaro
- Fidia Farmaceutici SpA, Contrada Pizzuta, 96017 Noto, Italy; (P.A.); (R.I.); (S.V.)
| | - Tiziana Campagna
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Francesco Attanasio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Giovanni Tabbì
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.L.); (I.N.); (V.C.); (T.C.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (S.S.)
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17
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Zhang C, Hong X, Yu H, Xu H, Qiu X, Cai W, Hocher B, Dai W, Tang D, Liu D, Dai Y. Gene regulatory network study of rheumatoid arthritis in single-cell chromatin landscapes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 33:739-750. [PMID: 35796437 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with single-cell sequencing (scATAC-seq) contribute to the progress in epigenetic studies. The purpose of our project was to discover the transcription factors (TFs) that were involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at a single-cell resolution using epigenetic technology. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seven RA patients and seven natural controls were extracted nuclei suspensions for library construction. Subsequently, scATAC-seq was performed to generate a high-resolution map of active regulatory DNA for bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS We obtained 22 accessible chromatin patterns. Then, 10 key TFs were involved in RA pathogenesis by regulating the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Consequently, two genes (PTPRC and SPAG9) regulated by 10 key TFs were found, which may be associated with RA disease pathogenesis, and these TFs were obviously enriched in RA patients (P < .05, fold change value > 1.2). With further quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation on PTPRC and SPAG9 in monocytes, we found differential expression of these two genes, which were regulated by eight TFs [ZNF384, HNF1B, DMRTA2, MEF2A, NFE2L1, CREB3L4 (var. 2), FOSL2::JUNB (var. 2), and MEF2B], showing highly accessible binding sites in RA patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the value of using scATAC-seq to reveal transcriptional regulatory variation in RA-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells, providing insights into therapy from an epigenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cantong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofen Qiu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Donge Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ajay A, Rasoul D, Abdullah A, Lee Wei En B, Mashida K, Al-Munaer M, Ajay H, Duvva D, Mathew J, Adenaya A, Lip GYH, Sankaranarayanan R. Augmentation of natriuretic peptide (NP) receptor A and B (NPR-A and NPR-B) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling as a therapeutic strategy in heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:1157-1170. [PMID: 38032188 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2290064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a complex, debilitating condition and despite advances in treatment, it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the need for alternative treatment strategies is essential. In this review, we explore the therapeutic strategies of augmenting natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR-A and NPR-B) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in heart failure. AREAS COVERED We aim to provide an overview of the evidence of preclinical and clinical studies on novel heart failure treatment strategies. Papers collected in this review have been filtered and screened following PubMed searches. This includes epigenetics, modulating enzyme activity in natriuretic peptide (NP) synthesis, gene therapy, modulation of downstream signaling by augmenting soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, nitrates, c-GMP-dependent protein kinase, synthetic and designer NP and RNA therapy. EXPERT OPINION The novel treatment strategies mentioned above have shown great potential, however, large randomized controlled trials are still lacking. The biggest challenge is translating the results seen in preclinical trials into clinical trials. We recommend a multi-disciplinary team approach with cardiologists, geneticist, pharmacologists, bioengineers, researchers, regulators, and patients to improve heart failure outcomes. Future management can involve telemedicine, remote monitoring, and artificial intelligence to optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ajay
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Debar Rasoul
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alend Abdullah
- General Medicine, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust Dudley, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Lee Wei En
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Knievel Mashida
- Cedar House, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hanan Ajay
- General Medicine, Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport, United Kingdom
| | - Dileep Duvva
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Mathew
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adeoye Adenaya
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Cedar House, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cedar House, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Xie H, Hong F, Yang S. Role of miRNAs in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1749. [PMID: 37443783 PMCID: PMC10340706 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by autoimmunity, synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Pannus formation in the synovial cavity can cause irreversible damage to the joint and cartilage and eventually permanent disability. Current conventional treatments for RA have limitations regarding efficacy, safety and cost. microRNA (miRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The dysregulation of miRNA has been observed in RA patients and implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. miRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers or therapeutic agents. In this review, we explore the role of miRNAs in various aspects of RA pathophysiology, including immune cell imbalance, the proliferation and invasion of fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cell, the dysregulation of inflammatory signaling and disturbance in angiogenesis. We delve into the regulatory effects of miRNAs on Treg/Th17 and M1/M2 polarization, the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, neovascular formation, energy metabolism induced by FLS-cell-induced energy metabolism, apoptosis, osteogenesis and mobility. These findings shed light on the potential applications of miRNAs as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for RA management. Furthermore, there are some strategies to regulate miRNA expression levels by utilizing miRNA mimics or exosomes and to hinder miRNA activity via competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network-based antagonists. We conclude that miRNAs offer a promising avenue for RA therapy with unlimited potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344100, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344100, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Department of Foreign Language, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344100, China;
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Experimental Centre of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344100, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344100, China
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Wen Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhao B, Wang J. The Pharmacological Efficacy of Baicalin in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119317. [PMID: 37298268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is one of the most abundant flavonoids found in the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) belonging to the genus Scutellaria. While baicalin is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects, its low hydrophilicity and lipophilicity limit the bioavailability and pharmacological functions. Therefore, an in-depth study of baicalin's bioavailability and pharmacokinetics contributes to laying the theoretical foundation for applied research in disease treatment. In this view, the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin are summarized in terms of bioavailability, drug interaction, and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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21
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Linghu KG, Zhao GD, Zhang DY, Xiong SH, Wu GP, Shen LY, Cui WQ, Zhang T, Hu YJ, Guo B, Shen XC, Yu H. Leocarpinolide B Attenuates Collagen Type II-Induced Arthritis by Inhibiting DNA Binding Activity of NF-κB. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104241. [PMID: 37241980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease triggered by a cascading inflammatory response. Sigesbeckia Herba (SH) has long been utilized as a traditional remedy to alleviate symptoms associated with rheumatism. Our previous study found that leocarpinolide B (LB), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the whole plant of SH, possesses potent a anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LB on RA, and further investigate the underlying mechanisms. In collagen type II-induced arthritic mice, LB was demonstrated to decrease the production of autoimmune antibodies in serum and inflammatory cytokines in the joint muscles and recover the decreased regulatory T lymphocytes in spleen. Moreover, LB significantly suppressed the inflammatory infiltration, formation of pannus and bone erosion in the paw joints. In vitro testing showed that LB inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in IL-1β-induced human synovial SW982 cells. Network pharmacology and molecular docking suggested NF-κB p65 could be the potential target of LB on RA treatment, subsequent experimental investigation confirmed that LB directly interacted with NF-κB p65 and reduced the DNA binding activity of NF-κB in synovial cells. In conclusion, LB significantly attenuated the collagen type II-induced arthritis, which was at least involved in the inhibition of DNA binding activity of NF-κB through a direct binding to NF-κB p65. These findings suggest that LB could be a valuable lead compound for developing anti-RA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Gang Linghu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guan-Ding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Dai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shi-Hang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guo-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Li-Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen-Qing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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22
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Zhu M, Ding Q, Lin Z, Fu R, Zhang F, Li Z, Zhang M, Zhu Y. New Targets and Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Signal Transduction to Epigenetic Aspect. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050766. [PMID: 37238636 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to joint damage and even permanent disability, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. At present, the complete cure for RA is not achievable, only to relieve the symptoms to reduce the pain of patients. Factors such as environment, genes, and sex can induce RA. Presently, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, DRMADs, and glucocorticoids are commonly used in treating RA. In recent years, some biological agents have also been applied in clinical practice, but most have side effects. Therefore, finding new mechanisms and targets for treating RA is necessary. This review summarizes some potential targets discovered from the perspective of epigenetics and RA mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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23
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Shankar D, Merchand-Reyes G, Buteyn NJ, Santhanam R, Fang H, Kumar K, Mo X, Ganesan LP, Jarjour W, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S. Inhibition of BET Proteins Regulates Fcγ Receptor Function and Reduces Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7623. [PMID: 37108786 PMCID: PMC10143512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of immune responses is a hallmark of autoimmune disease pathogenesis. This includes the heightened production of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), and the secretion of autoantibodies such as isotypes of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA). Fcγ receptors (FcγR) expressed on the surface of myeloid cells bind Immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune complexes. Recognition of autoantigen-antibody complexes by FcγR induces an inflammatory phenotype that results in tissue damage and further escalation of the inflammatory response. Bromodomain and extra-terminal protein (BET) inhibition is associated with reduced immune responses, making the BET family a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this paper, we examined the BET inhibitor PLX51107 and its effect on regulating FcγR expression and function in RA. PLX51107 significantly downregulated expression of FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, FcγRIIIa, and the common γ-chain, FcϵR1-γ, in both healthy donor and RA patient monocytes. Consistent with this, PLX51107 treatment attenuated signaling events downstream of FcγR activation. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in phagocytosis and TNFα production. Finally, in a collagen-induced arthritis model, PLX51107-treatment reduced FcγR expression in vivo accompanied by a significant reduction in footpad swelling. These results suggest that BET inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach that requires further exploration as a treatment for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shankar
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Santhanam
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huiqing Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Latha P. Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wael Jarjour
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Butchar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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24
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Mao D, Jiang H, Zhang F, Yang H, Fang X, Zhang Q, Zhao G. HDAC2 exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis progression via the IL-17-CCL7 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37021908 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been reported to regulate the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current study aimed to explore key HDACs and their molecular mechanism in RA. First, the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC8 in RA synovial tissue was determined by qRT-PCR. The effects of HDAC2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in vitro were studied. Furthermore, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models were established to evaluate the severity of arthritis in joints, and the levels of inflammatory factors were examined by immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. Transcriptome sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with HDAC2 silencing in the synovial tissue of CIA rat, and downstream signaling pathways were predicted by enrichment analysis. The results showed that HDAC2 was highly expressed in the synovial tissue of RA patients and CIA rats. Overexpressed HDAC2 promoted FLS proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited FLS apoptosis in vitro, resulting in secretion of inflammatory factors and RA exacerbation in vivo. There were 176 DEGs, including 57 downregulated and 119 upregulated genes, after silencing HDAC2 in CIA rats. DEGs were primarily enriched in Platinum drug resistance, IL-17 as well as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. CCL7, which was implicated in the IL-17 signaling pathway, was downregulated after HDAC2 silencing. Furthermore, CCL7 overexpression aggravated the development of RA, which was demonstrated to be effectively attenuated by HDAC2 suppression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HDAC2 exacerbated the progression of RA by regulating the IL-17-CCL7 signaling pathway, suggesting that HDAC2 may be a promising therapeutic target for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mao
- Orthopaedic Institute, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
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Kefayati F, Karimi Babaahmadi A, Mousavi T, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Epigenotoxicity: a danger to the future life. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:382-411. [PMID: 36942370 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2190713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants can regulate gene expression in the absence of DNA mutations via epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs' (ncRNAs). Here, all three epigenetic modifications for seven important categories of diseases and the impact of eleven main environmental factors on epigenetic modifications were discussed. Epigenetic-related mechanisms are among the factors that could explain the root cause of a wide range of common diseases. Its overall impression on the development of diseases can help us diagnose and treat diseases, and besides, predict transgenerational and intergenerational effects. This comprehensive article attempted to address the relationship between environmental factors and epigenetic modifications that cause diseases in different categories. The studies main gap is that the precise role of environmentally-induced epigenetic alterations in the etiology of the disorders is unknown; thus, still more well-designed researches need to be accomplished to fill this gap. The present review aimed to first summarize the adverse effect of certain chemicals on the epigenome that may involve in the onset of particular disease based on in vitro and in vivo models. Subsequently, the possible adverse epigenetic changes that can lead to many human diseases were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kefayati
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Karimi Babaahmadi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Mousavi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martínez-Hernández R, Marazuela M. MicroRNAs in autoimmune thyroid diseases and their role as biomarkers. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101741. [PMID: 36801129 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They are emerging as potential biomarkers and as therapeutic targets for several diseases including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). They control a wide range of biological phenomena, including immune activation, apoptosis, differentiation and development, proliferation and metabolism. This function makes miRNAs attractive as disease biomarker candidates or even as therapeutic agents. Because of their stability and reproducibility circulating miRNAs have been an interesting area of research in many diseases, and studies describing their role in the immune response and in autoimmune diseases have progressively developed. The mechanisms underlying AITD remain elusive. AITD pathogenesis is characterized by a multifactorial interplay based on the synergy between susceptibility genes and environmental stimulation, together with epigenetic modulation. Understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs could lead to identify potential susceptibility pathways, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Herein we update our present knowledge on the role of microRNAs in AITD and discuss on their importance as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the most prevalent AITDs: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). This review provides an overview of the state of the art in the pathological roles of microRNAs as well as in possible novel miRNA-based therapeutic approaches in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanizacion Monteprincipe, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36797236 PMCID: PMC9935929 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers and adds to losses in the labor force. In the past few decades, RA has attracted increased attention from researchers, the abnormal signaling pathways in RA are a very important research field in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, which provides important evidence for understanding this complex disease and developing novel RA-linked intervention targets. The current review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of RA, including a general introduction to the disease, historical events, epidemiology, risk factors, and pathological process, highlight the primary research progress of the disease and various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, summarize the most recent developments in identifying novel signaling pathways in RA and new inhibitors for treating RA. therapeutic interventions including approved drugs, clinical drugs, pre-clinical drugs, and cutting-edge therapeutic technologies. These developments will hopefully drive progress in new strategically targeted therapies and hope to provide novel ideas for RA treatment options in the future.
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28
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Hu Y, Xu B, He J, Shan H, Zhou G, Wang D, Bai L, Shang H, Nie L, Pan F, Lan HY, Wang Q. Hypermethylation of Smad7 in CD4 + T cells is associated with the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104881. [PMID: 36845150 PMCID: PMC9947360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smad7 is protective in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Here we investigated whether Smad7-expressing CD4+ T cells and the methylation of Smad7 gene in CD4+ T cells contribute to the disease activity of RA in patients. Methods Peripheral CD4+ T cells were collected from 35 healthy controls and 57 RA patients. Smad7 expression by CD4+ T cells were determined and correlated with the clinical parameters of RA including RA score and serum levels of IL-6, CRP, ESR, DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR, Swollen joints and Tender joints. Bisulfite sequencing (BSP-seq) was used to determine the DNA methylation in Smad7 promoter (-1000 to +2000) region in CD4+ T cells. In addition, a DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC), was added to CD4+ T cells to examine the possible role of Smad7 methylation in CD4+ T cell differentiation and functional activity. Results Compared to the heath controls, Smad7 expression was significantly decreased in CD4+ T cells from RA patients and inversely correlated with the RA activity score and serum levels of IL-6 and CRP. Importantly, loss of Smad7 in CD4+ T cell was associated with the alteration of Th17/Treg balance by increasing Th17 over the Treg population. BSP-seq detected that DNA hypermethylation occurred in the Smad7 promoter region of CD4+ T cells obtained from RA patients. Mechanistically, we found that the DNA hypermethylation in the Smad7 promoter of CD4+ T cells was associated with decreased Smad7 expression in RA patients. This was associated with overreactive DNA methyltransferase (DMNT1) and downregulation of the methyl-CpG binding domain proteins (MBD4). Inhibition of DNA methylation by treating CD4+ T cells from RA patients with 5-AzaC significantly increased Smad7 mRNA expression along with the increased MBD4 but reduced DNMT1 expression, which was associated with the rebalance in the Th17/Treg response. Conclusion DNA hypermethylation at the Smad7 promoter regions may cause a loss of Smad7 in CD4+ T cells of RA patients, which may contribute to the RA activity by disrupting the Th17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Hu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bihua Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengmin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxi Shang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Qingwen Wang, ; Hui Yao Lan, ; Fan Pan,
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Disease, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qingwen Wang, ; Hui Yao Lan, ; Fan Pan,
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Qingwen Wang, ; Hui Yao Lan, ; Fan Pan,
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Doghish AS, Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Elkhawaga SY, Elsakka EGE, Mady EA, Elrebehy MA, Khalil MAF, El-Husseiny HM. miRNAs insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Favorable and detrimental aspects of key performers. Life Sci 2023; 314:121321. [PMID: 36574943 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe autoimmune inflammation that mostly affects the joints. It's a multifactorial disease. Its clinical picture depends on genetic and epigenetic factors such as miRNAs. The miRNAs are small noncoding molecules that are able to negatively or positively modulate their target gene expression. In RA, miRNAs are linked to its pathogenesis. They disrupt immunity balance by controlling granulocytes, triggering the release of several proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, finally leading to synovium hyperplasia and inflammation. Besides, they also may trigger activation of some pathways as nuclear factor kappa-β disrupts the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity, leading to increased bone destruction. Moreover, miRNAs are also applied with efficiency in RA diagnosis and prognosis. Besides the significant association between miRNAs and RA response to treatment, they are also applied as a choice for treatment based on their effects on the immune system and inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the review aims to present an updated overview of miRNAs, their biogenesis, implications in RA pathogenesis, and finally, the role of miRNAs in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Mady
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukfh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A F Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
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Ghasemi A, Farazmand A, Hassanzadeh V, Poursani S, Soltani S, Akhtari M, Akhlaghi M, Farhadi E, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Upregulation of KAT2B and ESCO2 gene expression level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:253-259. [PMID: 36104638 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes progressive inflammation. It seems that alternations in epigenetic modifications contribute to RA development. The present study aimed to assess the expression pattern of K (lysine) acetyltransferase 1 (KAT1; HAT1) and lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B; PCAF), and the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 (ESCO2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients. METHOD AND MATERIAL In this case-control study, we studied 50 cases with RA in comparison to 50 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Separation of PBMCs samples from whole blood, extraction of RNA, and reverse transcription were performed. Gene transcript levels of KAT1, KAT2B, and ESCO2 were determined using SYBR green real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Our results exhibited a significant upregulation in the expression levels of ESCO2 and KAT2B genes in patients with RA compared to normal individuals (P-value < 0.0001). Similarly, we observed higher expression of KAT1 in the patients' group when compared to the healthy controls, although the difference in expression level failed to show any significant changes (P-value = 0.485). Also, we found a positive correlation between ESCO2 and the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggest that upregulated expression of KAT2B and ESCO2 genes may be correlated to RA development. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required for understanding the potential contribution of these enzymes in the pathology of RA. Key Points • Dysregulated expression level of epigenetics enzymes was observed in PBMCs from RA patients. • The expression of KAT2B was 2.44 times higher in the PBMCs of RA patients than in the healthy subjects. • The expression of ESCO2 was upregulated (2.75 times) in the PBMCs of RA patients compared to the control group. • There was a positive correlation between ESCO2 expression and the ESR level in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Ghasemi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 141556455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farazmand
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 141556455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Hassanzadeh
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 141556455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Poursani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Soltani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maassoumeh Akhlaghi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Rheumatoid arthritis: advances in treatment strategies. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:69-88. [PMID: 35725992 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by severe joint and bone damage due to heightened autoimmune response at the articular sites. Worldwide annual incidence and prevalence rate of RA is 3 cases per 10,000 population and 1%, respectively. Several genetic and environmental (microbiota, smoking, infectious agents) factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Although convention treatment strategies, predominantly Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and Glucocorticoids (GC), are unchanged as the primary line of treatment; novel strategies consisting of biological DMARDs, are being developed and explored. Personalized approaches using biologicals targetspecific pathways associated with disease progression. However, considering the economic burden and side-effects associated with these, there is an unmet need on strategies for early stratification of the inadequate responders with cDMARDs. As RA is a complex disease with a variable remission rate, it is important not only to evaluate the current status of drugs in clinical practice but also those with the potential of personalised therapeutics. Here, we provide comprehensive data on the treatment strategies in RA, including studies exploring various combination strategies in clinical trials. Our systematic analysis of current literature found that conventional DMARDs along with glucocorticoid may be best suited for early RA cases and a combination of conventional and targeted DMARDs could be effective for treating seronegative patients with moderate to high RA activity. Clinical trials with insufficient responders to Methotrexate suggest that adding biologicals may help in such cases. However, certain adverse events associated with the current therapy advocate exploring novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cell therapy in future.
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32
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Jiang Y, Zhong S, He S, Weng J, Liu L, Ye Y, Chen H. Biomarkers (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs) for the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087925. [PMID: 36817438 PMCID: PMC9929281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have continued to improve. However, in the advanced stages of the disease, patients are unable to achieve long-term clinical remission and often suffer from systemic multi-organ damage and severe complications. Patients with RA usually have no overt clinical manifestations in the early stages, and by the time a definitive diagnosis is made, the disease is already at an advanced stage. RA is diagnosed clinically and with laboratory tests, including the blood markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the autoantibodies rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). However, the presence of RF and ACPA autoantibodies is associated with aggravated disease, joint damage, and increased mortality, and these autoantibodies have low specificity and sensitivity. The etiology of RA is unknown, with the pathogenesis involving multiple factors and clinical heterogeneity. The early diagnosis, subtype classification, and prognosis of RA remain challenging, and studies to develop minimally invasive or non-invasive biomarkers in the form of biofluid biopsies are becoming more common. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules are composed of long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, which play an essential role in disease onset and progression and can be used in the early diagnosis and prognosis of RA. In this review of the diagnostic and prognostic approaches to RA disease, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the subject, focusing on recent advances in mRNA-ncRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers from the biofluid to the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Zhong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghua He
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juanling Weng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijin Liu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, GuangzhouPanyu Health Management Center (Panyu Rehabilitation Hospital), Guangzhou, China
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Bruno MC, Cristiano MC, Celia C, d'Avanzo N, Mancuso A, Paolino D, Wolfram J, Fresta M. Injectable Drug Delivery Systems for Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19665-19690. [PMID: 36512378 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide. The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which require chronic treatment focused on symptomatic relief. Conventional drugs administered through systemic or intra-articular routes have low accumulation and/or retention in articular cartilage, causing dose-limiting toxicities and reduced efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop improved strategies for drug delivery, in particular, the use of micro- and nanotechnology-based methods. Encapsulation of therapeutic agents in delivery systems reduces drug efflux from the joint and protects against rapid cellular and enzymatic clearance following intra-articular injection. Consequently, the use of drug delivery systems decreases side effects and increases therapeutic efficacy due to enhanced drug retention in the intra-articular space. Additionally, the frequency of intra-articular administration is reduced, as delivery systems enable sustained drug release. This review summarizes various advanced drug delivery systems, such as nano- and microcarriers, developed for articular cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, I-66100, Italy
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, I-66100, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
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Amaral JK, Bingham CO, Taylor PC, Vilá LM, Weinblatt ME, Schoen RT. Pathogenesis of chronic chikungunya arthritis: Resemblances and links with rheumatoid arthritis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102534. [PMID: 36549417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection results from transmission by the mosquito vector. Following an incubation period of 5-7 days, patients develop an acute febrile illness, chikungunya fever (CHIKF), characterized by high fevers, maculopapular rash, headaches, polyarthritis/arthralgias, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Joint pain is often severe, and most often involves the hands, the wrists, the ankles, and the metatarsal-phalangeal joints of the feet. Many patients recover within several weeks, but up to 50% develop chronic joint pain and swelling for more than 12 weeks, then we refer to these symptoms as chronic chikungunya arthritis (CCA). The pathogenesis of CCA is not well understood. In this article, we suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play an important role in this pathogenesis. This heterogeneous group of multipotent cells, morphologically similar to fibroblasts, may undergo epigenetic changes capable of generating aberrant progenies. However, we believe that there is no need for a latent infection. In our pathogenic hypothesis, CHIKV infection of MSCs would cause epigenetic changes both in MSCs themselves and in their progenies, without the need for reactivation of dormant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kennedy Amaral
- Institute of Diagnostic Medicine of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C Taylor
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- John R. and Eileen K. Riedman Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Robert T Schoen
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
Bone is a connective tissue that has important functions in the human body. Cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are key components of bone and are closely related to bone-related diseases. However, the outcomes of conventional treatments for bone-related diseases are not promising, and hence it is necessary to elucidate the exact regulatory mechanisms of bone-related diseases and identify novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that form closed circular structures without a 5' cap or 3' tail and polycyclic adenylate tails. Due to their high stability, circRNAs have the potential to be typical biomarkers. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in bone-related diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, intervertebral disc degeneration, and rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we summarize the recent research progress on the characteristics and functions of circRNAs, and highlight the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui HU
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Wei WU
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Jun ZOU
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai200438, China,Jun ZOU,
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36
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Aghakhani S, Soliman S, Niarakis A. Metabolic reprogramming in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts: A hybrid modeling approach. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010408. [PMID: 36508473 PMCID: PMC9779668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a highly invasive pannus formation consisting mainly of Synovial Fibroblasts (RASFs). This pannus leads to cartilage, bone, and soft tissue destruction in the affected joint. RASFs' activation is associated with metabolic alterations resulting from dysregulation of extracellular signals' transduction and gene regulation. Deciphering the intricate mechanisms at the origin of this metabolic reprogramming may provide significant insight into RASFs' involvement in RA's pathogenesis and offer new therapeutic strategies. Qualitative and quantitative dynamic modeling can address some of these features, but hybrid models represent a real asset in their ability to span multiple layers of biological machinery. This work presents the first hybrid RASF model: the combination of a cell-specific qualitative regulatory network with a global metabolic network. The automated framework for hybrid modeling exploits the regulatory network's trap-spaces as additional constraints on the metabolic network. Subsequent flux balance analysis allows assessment of RASFs' regulatory outcomes' impact on their metabolic flux distribution. The hybrid RASF model reproduces the experimentally observed metabolic reprogramming induced by signaling and gene regulation in RASFs. Simulations also enable further hypotheses on the potential reverse Warburg effect in RA. RASFs may undergo metabolic reprogramming to turn into "metabolic factories", producing high levels of energy-rich fuels and nutrients for neighboring demanding cells through the crucial role of HIF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Aghakhani
- GenHotel–Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvain Soliman
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anna Niarakis
- GenHotel–Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay Île-de-France, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail:
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Ganesan A, Dermadi D, Kalesinskas L, Donato M, Sowers R, Utz PJ, Khatri P. Inferring direction of associations between histone modifications using a neural processes-based framework. iScience 2022; 26:105756. [PMID: 36619977 PMCID: PMC9813700 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current technologies do not allow predicting interactions between histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs) at a system-level. We describe a computational framework, imputation-followed-by-inference, to predict directed association between two HPTMs using EpiTOF, a mass cytometry-based platform that allows profiling multiple HPTMs at a single-cell resolution. Using EpiTOF profiles of >55,000,000 peripheral mononuclear blood cells from 158 healthy human subjects, we show that neural processes (NP) have significantly higher accuracy than linear regression and k-nearest neighbors models to impute the abundance of an HPTM. Next, we infer the direction of association to show we recapitulate known HPTM associations and identify several previously unidentified ones in healthy individuals. Using this framework in an influenza vaccine cohort, we identify changes in associations between 6 pairs of HPTMs 30 days following vaccination, of which several have been shown to be involved in innate memory. These results demonstrate the utility of our framework in identifying directed interactions between HPTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthakrishnan Ganesan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Denis Dermadi
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurynas Kalesinskas
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rosalie Sowers
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Corresponding author
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Lin Q, Zhou B, Song X, Ye W, Li Q, Shi T, Cheng C, Li Y, Wei X. Genetic variant in SPAG16 is associated with the susceptibility of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis possibly via regulation of MMP-3. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:511. [PMID: 36434627 PMCID: PMC9701044 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In two previously published genome-wide association studies, a cluster of variants of sperm-associated antigen16 (SPAG16) were reported to be associated with the radiological progression rate of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from North American and Southern European ancestry. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the reported RA-risk loci in SPAG16 are associated with the disease in the Chinese population and to further validate the functional role of the susceptible locus in RA tissues. METHODS A total of 500 ACPA-positive RA patients and 1000 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited. Two SNPs of SPAG16, including rs7607479 (C/T) and rs6435818 (A/C), were genotyped, and the genotyping data were compared with chi-square test. Gene expression analysis was performed in synovial tissues obtained from 40 RA patients and 30 non-RA controls surgically treated for bone fracture. The tissue expression of SPAG16 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) was compared between the two groups by the Student's t test. The relationship between serum indexes and mRNA expression of SPAG16 and MMP-3 were evaluated by Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULT For rs7607479, the frequency of genotype TT was significantly higher in RA patients than in the controls (49.0% vs. 40.4%, p = 0.002). The RA patients were found to have significantly lower frequency of allele C than the controls (30.9% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.001). As for rs6435818, there was no significant difference of genotype or allele frequency between the two groups. The mRNA expression of MMP-3 was 1.63-fold higher in the RA patients than in the controls (p < 0.001). The expression of SPAG16 was comparable between the two groups (p = 0.43). The mRNA expression of MMP-3 was 1.39-fold higher in patients with genotype TT than in the patients with genotype CC (p = 0.006). The mRNA expression level of MMP-3 was significantly correlated with serum rheumatoid factor (r = 0.498, p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.272, p = 0.01), weakly correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.236, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS We validated a common genetic risk factor in ACPA-positive patients with RA, which is associated with the tissue production of MMP-3 and disease progression. Further functional analysis into the role of rs7607479 in MMP-3 expression can shed new light on the genetic architecture of ACPA-positive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Lin
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, LinShan Road No. 188, Nanjing City, 210008 China
| | - Bingxiang Zhou
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, LinShan Road No. 188, Nanjing City, 210008 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, LinShan Road No. 188, Nanjing City, 210008 China
| | - Wei Ye
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, LinShan Road No. 188, Nanjing City, 210008 China
| | - Qinglong Li
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, LinShan Road No. 188, Nanjing City, 210008 China
| | - Tong Shi
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, LinShan Road No. 188, Nanjing City, 210008 China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The JiangYan TCM Hospital of Taizhou City, JiangYan Road No. 699, Taizhou City, 225500 China
| | - Yetian Li
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road No. 218, Hefei City, 230022 China
| | - Xing Wei
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, LinShan Road No. 188, Nanjing City, 210008 China
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Epigenetic regulation of B cells and its role in autoimmune pathogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1215-1234. [PMID: 36220996 PMCID: PMC9622816 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although previous studies have shown many genetic polymorphisms associated with B-cell activation in patients with various autoimmune disorders, progress in epigenetic research has revealed new mechanisms leading to B-cell hyperactivation. Epigenetic mechanisms, including those involving histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs, regulate B-cell responses, and their dysregulation can contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmune diseases show epigenetic alterations that lead to the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune inflammation. Moreover, many clinical and animal model studies have shown the promising potential of epigenetic therapies for patients. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview of epigenetic mechanisms with a focus on their roles in regulating functional B-cell subsets. Furthermore, we discuss epigenetic dysregulation in B cells and highlight its contribution to the development of autoimmune diseases. Based on clinical and preclinical evidence, we discuss novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapies for patients with autoimmune disorders.
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Podgórska D, Cieśla M, Kolarz B. FCER1G Gene Hypomethylation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164664. [PMID: 36012903 PMCID: PMC9410058 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that, when improperly treated, leads to disability in patients. Various factors that may cause the development and activity of RA are being considered. Epigenetic factors are also receiving increasing attention. In our study, we analyzed the association between FCER1G gene methylation and RA activity. We conducted our study in 50 RA patients and 24 controls. The patients were divided into two groups in terms of high disease activity and remission. Quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR was used to analyze the methylation status of the investigated genes. We observed that RA patients have lower levels of methylation of the FCER1G gene compared to controls, but we did not find any difference in the methylation status of this gene between patients with high disease activity and remission. The results of this study suggest that FCER1G gene methylation may be a new potential epigenetic marker of RA that is independent of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Podgórska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Cieśla
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Kolarz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Ying Y, Tang Z, Niu F, Xu T, Xia C, Zhang S. Network pharmacology-based pharmacological mechanism prediction on Eucommia ulmoides against rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29658. [PMID: 35866805 PMCID: PMC9302290 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Eucommia ulmoides (EU) is a kidney-tonifying Chinese medicine that has been applied to treat RA for decides. The present study aims to explore pharmacological mechanisms of EU against RA using network pharmacology approach. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to screen active ingredients of EU, and their relative targets were fished from UniProt database. RA-related targets were screened from GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. The overlapping genes between EU and RA were identified by Venn diagram, and further analyzed for protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Fifty active ingredients were identified in EU, and corresponded to 207 targets. Meanwhile, 499 targets were closely associated with RA development. A total of 50 overlapping genes between EU and RA were identified, which were regarded as therapeutically relevant. GO enrichment analysis indicated that EU exerted antiRA effects depending on regulating multiple biological processes including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and matrix catabolism. Several key pathways such as TNF pathway, IL-17 pathway, T cell receptor pathway, NOD-like receptor pathway and Toll-like receptor pathway, were involved in the above biological processes. Network pharmacology revealed that EU exerts therapeutic effects on RA through multi-ingredients, multi-targets and multi-pathways, which provides basis for its clinical application and promising directions for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggan Ying
- Department of Pain, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaopeng Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Niu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenjie Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuijun Zhang, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 158, Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310014, China (e-mail: )
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Torres A, Pedersen B, Cobo I, Ai R, Coras R, Murillo-Saich J, Nygaard G, Sanchez-Lopez E, Murphy A, Wang W, Firestein GS, Guma M. Epigenetic Regulation of Nutrient Transporters in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1159-1171. [PMID: 35128827 PMCID: PMC9246826 DOI: 10.1002/art.42077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since previous studies indicate that metabolism is altered in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), we undertook this study to determine if changes in the genome-wide chromatin and DNA states in genes associated with nutrient transporters could help to identify activated metabolic pathways in RA FLS. METHODS Data from a previous comprehensive epigenomic study in FLS were analyzed to identify differences in genome-wide states and gene transcription between RA and osteoarthritis. We utilized the single nearest genes to regions of interest for pathway analyses. Homer promoter analysis was used to identify enriched motifs for transcription factors. The role of solute carrier transporters and glutamine metabolism dependence in RA FLS was determined by small interfacing RNA knockdown, functional assays, and incubation with CB-839, a glutaminase inhibitor. We performed 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify metabolites. RESULTS The unbiased pathway analysis demonstrated that solute carrier-mediated transmembrane transport was one pathway associated with differences in at least 4 genome-wide states or gene transcription. Thirty-four transporters of amino acids and other nutrients were associated with a change in at least 4 epigenetic marks. Functional assays revealed that solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4) was critical for invasion, and glutamine was sufficient as an alternate source of energy to glucose. Experiments with CB-839 demonstrated decreased RA FLS invasion and proliferation. Finally, we found enrichment of motifs for c-Myc in several nutrient transporters. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that changes in the epigenetic landscape of genes are related to nutrient transporters, and metabolic pathways can be used to identify RA-specific targets, including critical solute carrier transporters, enzymes, and transcription factors, to develop novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Torres
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizi Ai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roxana Coras
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Murillo-Saich
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gyrid Nygaard
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- VA Medical Center, San Diego, California
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Chen Q, Li H, Liu Y, Zhao M. Epigenetic Regulation of Immune and Inflammatory Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881191. [PMID: 35479077 PMCID: PMC9035598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease associated with multiple factors. Epigenetics can affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze epigenetic regulation in RA. Methods Using the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we identified a methylation chip, RNA-sequencing, and miRNA microarray for RA. First, we searched for DNA methylation, genes, and miRNAs associated with RA using differential analysis. Second, we determined the regulatory networks for RA-specific methylation, miRNA, and m6A using cross-analysis. Based on these three regulatory networks, we built a comprehensive epigenetic regulatory network and identified hub genes. Results Using a differential analysis, we identified 16,852 differentially methylated sites, 4877 differentially expressed genes, and 32 differentially expressed miRNAs. The methylation-expression regulatory network was mainly associated with the PI3K-Akt and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. The miRNA expression regulatory network was mainly related to the MAPK and chemokine signaling pathways. M6A regulatory network was mainly associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, five hub genes were identified in the epigenetic regulatory network: CHD3, SETD1B, FBXL19, SMARCA4, and SETD1A. Functional analysis revealed that these five genes were associated with immune cells and inflammatory responses. Conclusion We constructed a comprehensive epigenetic network associated with RA and identified core regulatory genes. This study provides a new direction for future research on the epigenetic mechanisms of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cheng L, Sun B, Xiong Y, Hu L, Gao L, Li J, Xie H, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhou HH. WGCNA-Based DNA Methylation Profiling Analysis on Allopurinol-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A DNA Methylation Signature for Predisposing Drug Hypersensitivity. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040525. [PMID: 35455641 PMCID: PMC9027774 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of aberrant DNA methylation in allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) is incompletely understood. To fill the gap, we analyze the DNA methylation profiling in allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) patients and identify the DNA methylation signature for predisposing allopurinol hypersensitivity. Methods: Genome-scale methylation analysis was conducted using the Illumina® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to analyze the data. Results: A total of 21,497 annotated promoter regions were analyzed. Ten modules were identified between allopurinol hypersensitivity and tolerance, with turquoise and yellow modules being the most significant correlation. ATG13, EPM2AIP1, and SRSF11 were the top three hub genes in the turquoise module. MIR412, MIR369, and MIR409 were the top three hub genes in the yellow module. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the turquoise module was related to the metabolic process in intracellular organelles and the binding of various compounds, proteins, or nucleotides. The yellow module, however, was related to stimulus sensory perception in cytoskeletal elements and the activity of the receptor or transducer. Conclusion: DNA methylation plays a vital role in allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). DNA methylation profiling of SJS/TEN is significantly related to autophagy and microRNAs (miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.-H.Z.)
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lichen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.-H.Z.)
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Yang C, Li D, Teng D, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Zhong Z, Yang GJ. Epigenetic Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859400. [PMID: 35401513 PMCID: PMC8989414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. The etiology of RA remains undetermined and the pathogenesis is complex. There remains a paucity of ideal therapeutic drugs and treatment strategies. The epigenetic modifications affect and regulate the function and characteristics of genes through mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromosome remodeling, and RNAi, thereby exerting a significant impact on the living state of the body. Recently, the phenomenon of epigenetic modification in RA has garnered growing research interest. The application of epigenetically modified methods is the frontier field in the research of RA pathogenesis. This review highlights the research on the pathogenesis of RA based on epigenetic modification in the recent five years, thereby suggesting new methods and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehong Teng
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yueru Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Guan-Jun Yang,
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Guan-Jun Yang,
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Epigenome editing and epigenetic gene regulation in disease phenotypes. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022; 39:1361-1367. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kaushal J, Kamboj A, Anupam K, Tandon A, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A. Interplay of redox imbalance with matrix gelatinases in neutrophils and their association with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Immunol 2022; 237:108965. [PMID: 35263664 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) etiopathogenesis still remains complex, but involvement of several immune cells is evident. Present study focusses on evaluation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in RA patients and healthy controls. From generation of oxidative species, release of inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading proteases, PMNs possess the ability to mediate immunological responses. Intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in PMNs and other oxidative parameters including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation were measured in PMNs and serum samples. Gene regulation studies involved in oxidative (Keap1 and Nrf2) and degradative pathways (MMP2 and MMP9) were done using DNA methylation analysis. Intracellular expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Dnmt1, MMP2, and MMP9 were analyzed using flowcytometry in patients and controls. Moreover, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were also measured. Comparative measurements amongst patients and controls were statistically analyzed, and correlations were made with disease severity scores (DAS28 ESR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akhil Kamboj
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kumari Anupam
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Bilaspur, HP, India
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Chang L, Zhou R. Histone methyltransferase EZH2 in proliferation, invasion, and migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:262-274. [PMID: 35083555 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may lead to irreversible joint damage. The role of histone modifications in RA has been emphasized. This study investigated the effect of histone methyltransferase EZH2 on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synovial tissues were collected from RA patients and non-RA patients (NC). RA-FLSs and NC-FLSs were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. EZH2 expression in synovial tissues and FLSs was detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA-FLSs and NC-FLSs were measured using MTT, EdU, and Transwell assays. The binding of EZH2, H3K27me3, and miR-22-3p was analyzed using ChIP assay. The targeting relationship between miR-22-3p and CYR61 was verified using dual-luciferase assay. miR-22-3p and CYR61 expressions were detected using RT-qPCR. CYR61 and H3K27me3 levels were detected using Western blot. Functional rescue experiments were performed to verify the effect of miR-22-3p or CYR61 on RA-FLSs. RESULTS EZH2 was highly expressed in synovial tissues and FLSs from RA patients. The proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of RA-FLSs was stronger than that of NC-FLSs. Downregulation of EZH2 repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA-FLSs. EZH2 inhibited miR-22-3p expression by binding to the miR-22-3p promoter and increasing H3K27me3 methylation level, and thereby upregulated CYR61 expression. Downregulation of miR-22-3p or overexpression of CYR61 annulled the inhibitory effect of EZH2 silencing on RA-FLS proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION EZH2 bound to the miR-22-3p promoter and inhibited miR-22-3p expression by upregulating H3K27me3 level, thereby promoting CYR61 expression and inducing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA-FLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Renyi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nan Jing North Street, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Identification of Synovial Fibroblast-Associated Neuropeptide Genes and m6A Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Single-Cell Analysis and Machine Learning. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5114697. [PMID: 35186167 PMCID: PMC8849968 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) play an important role in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the pathogenic mechanism of SFs remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate how neuropeptides and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) played an important role in the underlying pathogenic processes of SFs that contribute to the development of RA. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing data were examined using single-cell analysis and machine learning. SF subgroups were identified based on the clustering and annotation results of the single-cell analysis. Moreover, cell–cell communication was used to analyse neuropeptide-related receptor and ligand pairs on the surface of SF cell membranes. Machine learning was used to explore the m6A factors acting on these neuropeptide genes. Results NPR3, GHR, BDKRB2, and CALCRL, four neuropeptide genes, were shown to be differently expressed among SF subgroups. Further investigation of receptor–ligand interactions found that NPR3 (in conjunction with NPPC, OSTN, NPPB, and NPPA) and GHR (in conjunction with GH1 and GH2) may have a role in SF interactions. As predicted by machine learning, IGFBP2 and METTL3 were identified as key factors regulating m6A of NPR3 and GHR. The expression levels and enrichment pathways of METTL3 and IGFBP2 were different among SF subgroups. Conclusions Single-cell analysis and machine learning efficiently identified neuropeptide genes and m6A factors that perform important regulatory functions in RA. Our strategy may provide a basis for future studies to identify pathogenic cell subpopulations and molecular mechanisms in RA and other diseases.
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Hart DA. Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the "Use It or Lose It" Principle. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:685845. [PMID: 34927066 PMCID: PMC8677937 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.685845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, mobility or patterned mobility (i.e., exercise) is intrinsic to the functioning of Homo sapiens, and required for maintenance of health. Thus, systems such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems appear to require constant reinforcement or conditioning to maintain integrity. Loss of conditioning or development of chronic deconditioning can have multiple consequences. The study of different types of deconditioning and their prevention or reversal can offer a number of clues to the regulation of these systems and point to how deconditioning poses risk for disease development and progression. From the study of deconditioning associated with spaceflight, a condition not predicted by evolution, prolonged bedrest, protracted sedentary behavior, as well as menopause and obesity and their consequences, provide a background to better understand human heterogeneity and how physical fitness may impact the risks for chronic conditions subsequent to the deconditioning. The effectiveness of optimized physical activity and exercise protocols likely depend on the nature of the deconditioning, the sex and genetics of the individual, whether one is addressing prevention of deconditioning-associated disease or disease-associated progression, and whether it is focused on acute or chronic deconditioning associated with different forms of deconditioning. While considerable research effort has gone into preventing deconditioning, the study of the process of deconditioning and its endpoints can provide clues to the regulation of the affected systems and their contributions to human heterogeneity that have been framed by the boundary conditions of Earth during evolution and the "use it or lose it" principle of regulation. Such information regarding heterogeneity that is elaborated by the study of deconditioning environments could enhance the effectiveness of individualized interventions to prevent deconditions or rescue those who have become deconditioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hart
- Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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